Energy Transition and Sustainable Development in GCC Countries: Strategic Pathways and Policy Implications

Abstract

Purpose - This paper aims to highlight the importance of energy transition in shaping the future development of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The region's heavy reliance on non-renewable energy sources-primarily oil and natural gas-poses significant risks to long-term economic stability and development sustainability. In addition, the paper examines the environmental impact of fossil fuel consumption, including greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and ecosystem degradation. It examines the increasing threat of climate change as a global and regional challenge. By exploring these dimensions, the paper promotes a strategic shift toward renewable energy adoption and sustainable energy alternatives across the GCC. The paper offers strategic guidance for policymakers in GCC countries to initiate and scale investments in energy transition. It is designed as a decision-support tool that strengthens planning for future energy supply, shields national economies from volatility in global energy prices, and mitigates the risks associated with declining long-term demand for fossil fuels.
Design/methodology/approach - This paper uses both descriptive and analytical methodologies to analyse the role of energy transition in advancing sustainable development. Drawing on data published by international organisations and national governments, the paper critically assesses the strategic benefits of enhancing renewable energy capacity. It explores how transitioning to cleaner energy sources contributes to environmental sustainability, economic resilience, and social equity, while identifying key policy measures and institutional frameworks that facilitate this transformation.
Findings - The existing literature on Energy offers extensive insights into the dynamics of energy transition and the crucial role that renewable Energy plays in shaping long-term sustainability. Building on this foundation, our findings underscore the positive impact of Energy transition on environmental management practices. Specifically, the shift toward green energy sources contribute to reducing ecological degradation, enhancing resource efficiency, and mitigating climate-related risks-thereby reinforcing the broader imperative of safeguarding planetary health. The paper's findings underscore the critical importance of accelerating the energy transition in GCC countries. Continued reliance on fossil fuels risks constraining long-term sustainable growth by limiting future energy availability, particularly from conventional sources.
Originality/value - The originality of this paper stems from its focused analysis of the energy transition and its implications for the long-term sustainability of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. It provides a timely and comprehensive examination of recent governmental initiatives across the region aimed at accelerating the shift toward renewable energy sources and enhancing environmental protection. Furthermore, the paper engages with contemporary debates surrounding the urgent environmental imperative for clean Energy, situating the GCC's transition within broader global discourses on climate resilience and sustainable development.