Examining the Relationship Between Financial Leverage and Shareholder Payoffs: Insights from the Pharmaceutical Sector in India

Authors

  • Bashir Amad Khan

Keywords:

financial leverage, earnings per share, return on equity

Abstract

This paper empirically examined the effect of financial leverage on payoffs to shareholders, a study of listed Pharmaceutical firms in India. Using annual panel data for a period of 13 years, ranges from 2007-08 to 2019-20 with the application of econometric techniques. The empirical results show that Long Term Debt to Total Assets (LTD/TA) have positive relationship, while Total Debt to Total Assets (TD/TA) has negative relation with Return on Assets (ROE). Thereby evidenced that financial leverage has significant effect on firm performance specifically in terms of payoffs to shareholders particularly during Normal/Bullish phase of Economy when measured through EPS & ROE in sample Pharmaceutical Companies in India.

Downloads

How to Cite

Examining the Relationship Between Financial Leverage and Shareholder Payoffs: Insights from the Pharmaceutical Sector in India. (2024). Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 23(C4), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.34257/GJMBRCVOL23IS4PG15

References

Anifowose Abolaji, Soyebo, & Yusuf, Tanimojo Temitope (2020) Effect of Financial Leverage on Firms Performance: Case of Listed Pharmaceutical Firms in Nigeria.

Joshua Abor, N Biekpe (2005) The effect of capital structure on profitability: an empirical analysis of listed firms in Ghana. 6(5), 438-445.

N Abu-Rub (2012) Capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Palestine stock exchange. 23(1), 109-117.

Sadia Afroze, Ahmed Khan, Shawrin (2022) Impact of Capital Structure on Firm Performance: Evidence from the Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals Sector in Bangladesh. 50.

R Aggarwal, X Zhao (2007) The leverage-value relationship puzzle: An industry effects resolution. 59(4), 286-297.

Khalaf Al-Taani (2013) The Relationship between Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Jordan. 1(3), 41.

Fred Arditti (1967) RISK AND THE REQUIRED RETURN ON EQUITY. 22(1), 19-36.

Ramachandran Azhagaiah, Candasamy Gavoury (2011) INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EQUITY-DEBT STRUCTURE AND PROFITABILITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA. 5(3), 103-106.

D Baron (1974) Default risk, homemade leverage, and the Modigliani-Miller theorem. 64(1), 176-182.

Allen Berger, Emilia Bonaccorsi Di Patti (2006) Capital structure and firm performance: A new approach to testing agency theory and an application to the banking industry. 30(4), 1065-1102.

Laxmi Bhandari (1988) Debt/Equity Ratio and Expected Common Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence. 43(2), 507-528.

J Bitok, L Kibet, J Tenai, M (2011) The Determinants of Leverage at the Nairobi Stock Exchange, Kenya.

Laurence Booth, Varouj Aivazian, Asli Demirguc‐kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic (2001) Capital Structures in Developing Countries. 56(1), 87-130.

Saurabh Chadha, Anil Sharma (2015) Capital Structure and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from India. 19(4), 295-302.

D Champion (1999) Finance: the joy of leverage. 77(4), 19-22.

Lecheng Chen (2023) Impact of Capital Structure on the Operating Performance of Listed Companies in the Pharmaceutical Industry. 40, 61-67.

F Dare, S Olorunfemi (2010) Capital structure and corporate performance in Nigeria petroleum industry: Panel data analysis. 6.

R Deesomsak, K Paudyal, G Pescetto (2004) the determinants of capital structure: Evidence from the Asia Pacific region. 14, 387-405.

J De Wet (2006) Determining the optimal capital structure: a practical contemporary approach. 14(2), 1-16.

Harry Deangelo, Ronald Masulis (1980) Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation. 8(1), 3-29.

Valentin Dimitrov, Prem Jain (2008) The Value-Relevance of Changes in Financial Leverage Beyond Growth in Assets and GAAP Earnings. 23(2), 191-222.

Hung Dinh, Cuong Pham (2020) The Effect of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Vietnamese Listing Pharmaceutical Enterprises. 7(9), 329-340.

D Durand (1952) Cost of debt and equity funds for business: Trends and problems of measurement. 215-247.

I El-Sayed Ebaid (2009) The impact of capital-structure choice on firm performance: empirical evidence from Egypt. 10(5), 477-487.

Y Eunju, J Soocheong (2005) The effect of financial leverage on financial performance and risk of restaurant firms. 13, 200-210.

E Fama, K French (2010) Testing tradeoff and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. 15, 1-37.

Murray Frank, Vidhan Goyal (2009) Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important?. 38(1), 1-37.

A Ghosh, P Jain (2000) Financial leverage changes associated with corporate mergers. 6(4), 377-402.

L Gitman (2009) Principle of Managerial Finance.

K Gleason, L Mathur, I Mathur (2000) The interrelationship between culture, capital structure, and performance: evidence from European retailers. 50(2), 185-191.

Charles Hadlock, Christopher James (2002) Do Banks Provide Financial Slack?. 57(3), 1383-1419.

R Hamada (1972) The effect of the firm's capital structure on the systematic risk of common stocks. 27(2), 435-452.

A Handoo, K Sharma (2014) A study on determinants of capital structure in India. 26(3), 170-182.

A Hassan, A Gupta (2013) The effect of leverage on shareholders' return: An empirical study on some selected listed companies in Bangladesh. 5(3), 46-53.

Robert Haugen, Lemma Senbet (1978) THE INSIGNIFICANCE OF BANKRUPTCY COSTS TO THE THEORY OF OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE. 33(2), 383-393.

P Hecht (2001) The cross section of expected firm (not equity) returns.

Armen Hovakimian, Tim Opler, Sheridan Titman (2001) The Debt-Equity Choice. 36(1), 1.

Tom Jacob, V Ajina (2020) Capital Structure and Financial Performance of Pharmaceutical Companies in Indian Stock Exchange. 9(2), 24-30.

B Javed, S Akhtar (2012) Interrelationships between Capital Structure and Financial Performance, Firm Size and Growth: Comparison of industrial sector in KSE. 4(15), 148-157.

A Kale (2014) The impact of financial leverage on firm performance: the case of non financial firms in Kenya.

E Kim (1978) A Mean-Variance Analysis of Optimal Capital Structures. 23.

Michael King, Eric Santor (2008) Family values: Ownership structure, performance and capital structure of Canadian firms. 32(11), 2423-2432.

V Krishnan, R Moyer (1997) Performance, capital structure and home country: An analysis of Asian corporations. 8(1), 129-143.

M Kumar (2014) An Empirical Study on Relationship between Leverage and Profitability in Bata India Limited. 2(5).

L Larry, R Ofek, Stulz (1995) Leverage investment and firm growth. 40, 3-29.

W Lasher (2016) Gale Cengage Learning.

J Lintner (1956) Distribution of incomes of corporations among dividends, retained earnings, and taxes. 46(2), 97-113.

S Majumdar, P Chhibber (1999) Capital structure and performance: Evidence from a transition economy on an aspect of corporate governance. 98(3-4), 287-305.

P Marsh (1982) The choice between equity and debt: An empirical study. 37(1), 121-144.

Neeti Mathur, Satish Tiwari, T Sita Ramaiah, Himanshu Mathur (2021) Capital structure, competitive intensity and firm performance: an analysis of Indian pharmaceutical companies. 47(9), 1357-1382.

John Mcconnell, Henri Servaes (1995) Equity ownership and the two faces of debt. 39(1), 131-157.

F Modigliani, M Miller (1958) The cost of capital, corporate finance and the theory of investments. 48(3), 261-297.

F Modigliani, M Miller (1963) Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction. 53, 433-443.

I Moosa, L Li (2012) Firm-specific factors as determinants of capital structure: evidence from Indonesia. 15(02), 1150007.

W Morton (1954) The Structure of the Capital Market and the Price of Money. 44(2), 440-454.

Mubeen Mujahid, Kalsoom Akhtar (2014) Impact of Capital Structure on Firms Financial Performance and Shareholders Wealth: Textile Sector of Pakistan. 4(2), 27.

B Munthashofi (2018) Financial Leverage and Profitability of Pharmaceutical Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Erick Mwambuli (2015) What Determines Corporate Capital Structure in Developing Economies? Evidence from East African Stock Markets.

L Mwangi, M Makau, G Kosimbei (2014) Relationship between capital structure and performance of non-financial companies listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. 1(2), 72-90.

Stewart Myers, Nicholas Majluf (1984) Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. 13(2), 187-221.

C Njagi (2013) The relationship between capital structure and financial performance of agricultural firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange.

O Oke, B Afolabi (2011) Capital Structure Composition and Financial Performance of Food and Beverage Firms in Nigeria. 2(1), 100-106.

C Osuji, A Odita (2012) Impact of capital structure on the financial performance of Nigerian firms. 1(12), 43-61.

A Ozkan (2001) Determinants of capital structure and adjustment to long run target: evidence from UK company panel data. 28(1-2), 175-198.

Krishna Pandey, Tarak Sahu (2019) Debt Financing, Agency Cost and Firm Performance: Evidence from India. 23(3), 267-274.

P Prakash, A Sindhasha (2016) A study on impact of leverage on profitability: Empirical evidence from select pharmaceutical companies in India. 6(7), 1036.

Raluca-Georgiana Moscu (2014) Capital Structure and Corporate Performance of Romanian Listed Companies. 4(1), 287-292.

N Rao, K Al-Yahyaee, L Syed (2007) Capital structure and financial performance: evidence from Oman. 6(1), 1.

K Rayan (2010) Financial leverage and firm value.

M Sekar, Ms. Gowri, Ms. Ramya (2014) A Study on Capital Structure and Leverage of Tata Motors Limited: Its Role and Future Prospects. 11, 445-458.

Rakesh Sharma (2018) Factors affecting financial leveraging for BSE listed real estate development companies in India. 23(3), 274-294.

Atul Sheel (1994) Determinants of Capital Structure Choice and Empirics on Leverage Behavior: a Comparative Analysis of Hotel and Manufacturing Firms. 17(3), 1-16.

E Soloman (1963) The Theory of Financial Management.

Alpa Joshi (2013) A Study Of Profitability Analysis Of Selected FMCG Companies In India. 3(6), 368-370.

J Stiglitz (1969) A re-examination of the Modigliani-Miller theorem. 59(5), 784-793.

J Stiglitz (1974) Incentives and risk sharing in sharecropping. 41(2), 219-255.

R Stulz (1990) Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies. 26(1), 3-e27.

R Taggart (1977) A Model of Corporate Financing Decisions. 32(5), 1467-1484.

S Titman, R Wessels (1988) The determinants of capital structure choice. 43(1), 1-19.

Arun Upneja, Michael Dalbor (2001) An examination of capital structure in the restaurant industry. 13(2), 54-59.

J Varghese, S Sahai (2021) Impact of Capital Structure on the Financial Performance of Firms: A Study of BSE Listed Selected Pharmaceutical Companies. 12(2).

J Wald (1999) How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an international comparison. 22(2), 161-187.

Chenxin Zhang (2022) Impacts of Change in Capital Structure on the Profitability of Pharmaceutical Firms: A Study of Pharmaceutical Industry in Singapore. 1690-1696.

Examining the Relationship Between Financial Leverage and Shareholder Payoffs: Insights from the Pharmaceutical Sector in India

Published

2024-01-13

How to Cite

Examining the Relationship Between Financial Leverage and Shareholder Payoffs: Insights from the Pharmaceutical Sector in India. (2024). Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 23(C4), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.34257/GJMBRCVOL23IS4PG15