Research Sequential Relationship of Appeal, Attitude, Ethical Judgement and Purchase Intention a A SEM Analysis

Authors

  • P. Shanthi

  • S.Thiyagarajan

Keywords:

sex appeal, attitude, ethical judgment, purchase intention, SEM

Abstract

The use of sex appeal in advertisements is widely preferred by marketers around the globe as they believe 'sex sells'. Less Academic attention is devoted to explain how an appeal like sex works among Indian audience and what are the mediating variables aid in the process of persuasion. This study aims at empirically investigating the complex relationship as well as the sequential effect of 'Sex appeal → Attitudes toward the Ad → Ethical Judgment toward the Ad → Purchase intention'. The research was executed on a sample of 560 respondents from in and around Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry using non-probability Convenience sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling technique (SEM) was employed to examine the complex relationship between variables and Hypotheses. Results indicate Sex appeal advertisements lead to favourable attitude, which in turn influence Ethical Judgment and Purchase Intention.

How to Cite

Research Sequential Relationship of Appeal, Attitude, Ethical Judgement and Purchase Intention a A SEM Analysis. (2013). Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(E4), 11-18. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/100356

References

I Ajzen (2001) Nature and operation of attitudes. 52, 27-58.

I Ajzen, M Fishbein (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research.

H Akaike (1974) A new look at the statistical model identification. 19(6), 716-723.

M Alexander, B Judd (1978) Do nudes in ads enhance brand recalls. 18(1), 47-50.

R Bagozzi, R Burnkrant (1979) Attitude organization the attitude -behavior relationship. 37(6), 913-929.

R Bagozzi (1981) Attitudes, intentions, behavior: A test of some key hypotheses. 41(4), 607-627.

William Baker, Richard Lutz (1988) An Empirical Test of an Updated Relevance-Accessibility Model of Advertising Effectiveness. 29(1), 1-14.

Nonverbal communication in advertising, 59-84.

H Bang, A Ellinger, J Hadjimarcou, P Traichal (2000) Consumer Concern, Knowledge, Belief, and Attitude toward Renewable Energy: An Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action. 17(6), 449-468.

Paul Barrett (2007) Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. 42(5), 815-824.

Rajeev Batra, Michael Ray (1986) Affective Responses Mediating Acceptance of Advertising. 13(2), 234.

Daniel Bello, Robert Pitts, Michael Etzel (1983) The Communication Effects of Controversial Sexual Content in Television Programs and Commercials. 12(3), 32-42.

P Bentler (1990) Comparative Fit Indexes in Structural Models. 107(2), 238-246.

D Brown (2002) ITC Slams Vodafone ads following complaints about sexual content. 19, 10.

Steven Brown, Douglas Stayman (1992) Antecedents and Consequences of Attitude Toward the Ad: A Meta-Analysis. 19(1), 34.

J Bumler (1999) Sex appeal in advertising.

B Byrne (1998) Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELISSIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications Programming.

J Cherry (2006) The Impact of Normative Influence and Locus of Control on Ethical Judgments and Intentions: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. 68(2), 113-132.

R Chestnut, C Lachance, A Lubitz (1977) The 'decorative' female model: Sexual stimuli the recognition of advertisements. 6, 11-14.

L Chiang, B Lee (2011) Ethical attitude behaviors regarding computer use. 21(6), 481-497.

A Courtney, T Whipple (1983) Sex stereotyping in advertising.

Patrick De Pelsmacker, M Geuens (1998) Reactions to different types of ads in Belgium and Poland. 15(4), 277-290.

Adamantios Diamantopoulos, Judy Siguaw (2000) Introducing LISREL.

S Dudley (1999) Consumer Attitudes towards Nudity in Advertisements. 79(4), 89-96.

A Eagly, S Chaiken (1998) Attitude structure and function. 269-322.

W Endres, C Hug (2004) Publicite´ et sexe: Enjeux psychologiques, culturels et e´thiques [Sex advertising: Psychological, cultural, ethical challenges.

X Fan, B Thompson, L Wang (1999) Effects of Sample Size, Estimation Methods, Model Specification on Structural Equation Modeling Fit Indexes. 6(1), 56-83.

William Fisher, Donn Byrne (1978) Sex differences in response to erotica? Love versus lust.. 36(2), 117-125.

K Fukukawa (2002) Developing a framework for ethically questionable behavior in consumption. 41(1-2), 99-119.

Meryl Gardner, Paula (1985) Does Attitude toward the Ad Affect Brand Attitude under a Brand Evaluation Set?. 22(2), 192-198.

W Grazer, G Keesling (1995) The effects of print advertising's use of sexual themes on brand recall purchase intention: A product specific investigation of male responses. 11(3), 47-58.

Pamela Homer (1990) The Mediating Role of Attitude toward the Ad: Some Additional Evidence. 27(1), 78-86.

J Hair, W Black, B Babin, R Anderson, R Taltham (2009) Multivariate Data Analysis.

Morris Holbrook, Elizabeth Hirschman (1982) The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun. 9(2), 132.

D Hooper, J Coughlan, M Mullen (2008) Structural Equation Modelling: Guidelines for Determining Model Fit. 6(1), 53-60.

L Hu, P Bentler (1999) Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. 6(1), 1-55.

C John (2006) The Impact of Normative Influence Locus of Control on Ethical Judgments Intentions: a Cross-Cultural Comparison. 68(2), 113-132.

B Judd, M Alexander (1983) On the Reduced Effectiveness of Some Sexually Suggestive Ads. 11(2), 156-168.

Michael Latour, Tony Henthorne (1994) Ethical Judgments of Sexual Appeals in Print Advertising. 23(3), 81-90.

Michael Latour, Robert Pitts, David Snook-Luther (1990) Female Nudity, Arousal, and Ad Response: An Experimental Investigation. 19(4), 51-62.

R Lutz, S Mackenzie, G Belch (1983) Attitude toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: Determinants and Consequences.

Unknown Title. 10, 532-539.

Robert Maccallum, Michael Browne, Hazuki Sugawara (1996) Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.. 1(2), 130-149.

S Mackenzie, R Lutz (1989) An Empirical Examination of the Structural Antecedents of Attitude toward the Ad in an Advertising Pretesting Context. 53, 48-65.

Scott Mackenzie, Richard Lutz, George Belch (1986) The Role of Attitude toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations. 23(2), 130.

D Manceau, E Tissier-Desbordes (2006) Are sex and death taboos in advertising? An analysis of taboos in advertising and a survey of French consumer perceptions. 25(1), 9-33.

Andrew Mitchell, Jerry Olson (1981) Are Product Attribute Beliefs the Only Mediator of Advertising Effects on Brand Attitude?. 18(3), 318-332.

U Orth, D Holancova (2004) Men'sWomen's responses to sex role portrayals in advertisements.

Robert Pitts, John Wong, D Joel Whalen (1991) Consumers' evaluative structures in two ethical situations: A means-end approach. 22(2), 119-130.

Sanjay Putrevu (2008) Consumer Responses Toward Sexual and Nonsexual Appeals: The Influence of Involvement, Need for Cognition (NFC), and Gender. 37(2), 57-70.

T Reichert, E Alvaro (2001) Filler ad: SD0971. 17(6), I.

Tom Reichert, Susan Heckler, Sally Jackson (2001) The Effects of Sexual Social Marketing Appeals on Cognitive Processing and Persuasion. 30(1), 13-27.

L Reid, L Soley (1983) Decorative models the relationship of magazine ads. 23(2), 27-32.

T Richard, M Hyman, G Brown (1992) Ethical judgments about wartime ads debiting combat. 21(3), 57-74.

D Saunders (1996) Saunders, Sir Peter, (23 Nov. 1911-6 Feb. 2003), Chairman and Managing Director, Peter Saunders Group Ltd; Director: West End Theatre Managers Ltd; Theatre Investment Fund Ltd; Theatre Investment Finance Ltd.

J Schroeder (2000) Edouard Manet, Calvin Klein the strategic use of scandal. 36-51.

Jessica Severn, George Belch, Michael Belch (1990) The Effects of Sexual and Non-Sexual Advertising Appeals and Information Level on Cognitive Processing and Communication Effectiveness. 19(1), 14-22.

Terence Shimp (1981) Attitude toward the AD as a Mediator of Consumer Brand Choice. 10(2), 9-48.

P Simpson, S Horton, G Brown (1996) Male nudity in advertisements: A modified replication extension of gender product effect. 24, 257-262.

S Smith, C Haugtvedt, J Jadrich, M Anton (1995) Understanding responses to sex appeals in advertising: An individual difference approach. 22, 735-739.

L Soley, L Reid (1988) Taking it off: are models in magazine ads wearing less?. 65, 105-110.

Major Steadman (1969) How Sexy Illustrations Affect Brand Recall. 9(1), 15-19.

James Steiger (2007) Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. 42(5), 893-898.

David Stewart, David Furse (2000) Analysis of the Impact of Executional Factors on Advertising Performance. 40(6), 85-89.

H Tai, Susan (1999) Advertising ethics: The use of sexual appeal in Chinese advertising. 3(1), 87-100.

Richard Tansey, Michael Hyman, Gene Brown (1992) Ethical Judgments about Wartime Ads Depicting Combat. 21(3), 57-74.

S Thiyagarajan, P Shanthi (2011) Influence of Appeal, Attitude and Ethical Judgment on Purchase Intention. 14(8), 9-12.

S. Thiyagarajan, P. Shanthi, G. Naresh (2012) Viewers' Perception of TV Ads: The Role of Sex Appeal. 2(8), 452-460.

Spencer Tinkham, Ruth Weaver-Lariscy (1994) Ethical Judgments of Political Television Commercials as Predictors of Attitude toward the Ad. 23(3), 43-57.

Scott Vitell, James Lumpkin, Mohammed Rawwas (1991) Consumer ethics: An investigation of the ethical beliefs of elderly consumers. 10(5), 365-375.

Ralph Weller, C Roberts, Colin Neuhaus (1979) A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Erotic Content upon Advertising Brand Recall. 2(1), 145-161.

Robert Zajonc, Hazel Markus (1982) Affective and Cognitive Factors in Preferences. 9(2), 123.

Research Sequential Relationship of Appeal, Attitude, Ethical Judgement and Purchase Intention -A SEM Analysis.

Research Sequential Relationship of Appeal, Attitude, Ethical Judgement and Purchase Intention a A SEM Analysis

Published

2013-05-02

How to Cite

Research Sequential Relationship of Appeal, Attitude, Ethical Judgement and Purchase Intention a A SEM Analysis. (2013). Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(E4), 11-18. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/100356