@incollection{,
	
					
					
					152DE9F0C1F2389142157DA13F1F790A
				,
	author={{Dr. WafaHili} and {Prof. HabibAffess} and {Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}12226472
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance}}
		,
	author={{
			RBAdams
		} and {
			FFerreira
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
			94
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Estimation of dynamic models with error components}}
		,
	author={{
			TWAnderson
		} and {
			CHsiao
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of the American Statistical Association}}
		
			1981
			
			,
	year={1982}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations}}
		,
	author={{
			MArellano
		} and {
			SBond
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Economic Studies}}
		
			58
			
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Boys will be boys: Gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment}}
		,
	author={{
			BMBarber
		} and {
			TOdean
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Quarterly Journal of Economics}}
		
			116
			1
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The determinants of board composition: an agency theory perspective}}
		,
	author={{
			CTBathala
		} and {
			RPRao
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Managerial and Decision Economics}}
		
			16
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation}}
		,
	author={{
			SBear
		} and {
			NRahman
		} and {
			CPost
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			97
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mutual Fund Managers: Does Gender Matter?}}
		,
	author={{
			RTBliss
		} and {
			MEPotter
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business and Economic Studies}}
		
			8
			1
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Aligned, informed, and decisive: characteristics of value-creating boards}}
		,
	author={{
			OBohren
		} and {
			ROStrom
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{EFA 2007 Ljubljana meeting paper, Available at SSRN}}
				
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{The influence of independent and effective audit committees on earnings quality}}
		,
	author={{
			DBryan
		} and {
			MHLiu
		} and {
			SLTiras
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
		
	
	,
	note={Working paper series, available at SSRN}

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm financial performance}}
		,
	author={{
			KCampbell
		} and {
			AMinguez-Vera
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			83
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Corporate governance, board diversity and firm value}}
		,
	author={{
			DACarter
		} and {
			BJSimkins
		} and {
			WGSimpson
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Financial Review}}
		
			38
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{The gender and ethnic diversity of US boards and board committees and firm financial performance}}
		,
	author={{
			DACarter
		} and {
			FSouza
		} and {
			BJSimkins
		} and {
			WGSimpson
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			18
			5
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women on boards}}
		,
	author={{
			Catalyst
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Copyright Catalyst}}
		
			,
	year={2012a. 2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{2011 Catalyst census: Financial Post 500 women board directors}}
		,
	author={{
			Catalyst
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Copyright Catalyst}}
		
			,
	year={2012b. 2012}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			Catalyst
		}}
		
		,
	title={{catalyst census: fortune 500 women board directors}}
				
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			ACornet
		} and {
			PWarland
		}}
		
		,
	title={{La gestion de la diversité des ressources humaines dans les entreprises et organisations. Edition université de Liège}}
				
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{A decade of corporate women: some progress in the boardroom, none in the executive suite}}
		,
	author={{
			CMDaily
		} and {
			STCerto
		} and {
			DRDalton
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Strategic Management Journal}}
		
			20
			1
			
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Understanding earnings quality: A review of the proxies, their determinants and their consequences}}
		,
	author={{
			PDechow
		} and {
			WGe
		} and {
			CSchrand
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			50
			3
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings quality. The Research Foundation of}}
		,
	author={{
			PDechow
		} and {
			CSchrand
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2004}
			,
	publisher={CFA Institute}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: a meta analysis}}
		,
	author={{
			AHEagly
		} and {
			SJKarau
		} and {
			MGMokhijani
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Psychological Bulletin}}
		
			117
			1
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Board of director diversity and firm financial performance}}
		,
	author={{
			NLErhandt
		} and {
			JDWerbel
		} and {
			CBShrader
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			11
			2
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			BoardEthics
		}}
		
		,
	title={{International Board Watch and ranking agency}}
				
			,
	year={2011a}
		
	
	,
	note={Gender diversity in France, the new figures}

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ranking SBF120}}
		,
	author={{
			BoardEthics
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{International Board Watch and ranking agency}}
				
			,
	year={2011b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Additions to corporate boards: the effect of gender}}
		,
	author={{
			KAFarrell
		} and {
			PLHersch
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}}
		
			11
			1-2
			85
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Alternative internal controls as substitute of the board of directors}}
		,
	author={{
			CFernandez
		} and {
			RArrondo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			13
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women on boards of directors: Why skirts in seats aren't enough}}
		,
	author={{
			SRFitzsimmons
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Business Horizons}}
		
			55
			6
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender diversity in corporate Ggovernance and top management}}
		,
	author={{
			CFrancoeur
		} and {
			RLabelle
		} and {
			BSinclair-Desgagne
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			81
			1
			
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	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Do female directors enhance corporate board monitoring? Some evidence from earning quality. Working paper series}}
		,
	author={{
			FGul
		} and {
			BSrinidhi
		} and {
			JTsui
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
		
			Hong Kong polytechnic University
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effect of blockholders on earnings management: the case of Tunisian listed firms}}
		,
	author={{
			KHalioui
		} and {
			AJerbi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research}}
		
			2
			2
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{The information content of losses}}
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	author={{
			CHayn
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
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	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Organizational predictors of women on corporate boards}}
		,
	author={{
			AJHillman
		} and {
			CShropshire
		} and {
			ACanella
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Academy of Management Journal}}
		
			50
			4
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{The glass ceiling: why women can't seem to break the invisible barrier that blocks them from the top jobs}}
		,
	author={{
			CHimowitz
		} and {
			TDSchelhardt
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1986}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Wall Street Journal}}
		
			4
			1
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{The strategic board: the changing role of directors in developing and maintaining corporate capability}}
		,
	author={{
			CIngley
		} and {
			NVan Der Walt
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			9
			3
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Family control, board independence and earnings management: Evidence based on Hong Kong firms}}
		,
	author={{
			BJaggi
		} and {
			SLeung
		} and {
			FGul
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Public Policy}}
		
			28
			281
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women: World-class managers for global competition}}
		,
	author={{
			MJelinek
		} and {
			NJAdler
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Academy of Management Executive}}
		
			2
			1
			
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	year={1988}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender differences in leadership -believing in seeing: implications for managing diversity. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion}}
		,
	author={{
			KJonsen
		} and {
			MLMaznevski
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{An International Journal}}
		
			29
			6
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{Estimating dynamic panel data models: a practical guide for macroeconomists}}
		,
	author={{
			RAJudson
		} and {
			ALOwen
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Economics Letters}}
		
			65
			1
			
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	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women in top management and agency costs}}
		,
	author={{
			AFJurkus
		} and {
			JCPark
		} and {
			LSWoodard
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Research}}
		
			64
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Investor reaction to women directors}}
		,
	author={{
			EKang
		} and {
			KDDavid
		} and {
			CCharoenwong
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Research}}
		
			63
			
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	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Men and women of the corporation}}
		,
	author={{
			RMKanter
		}}
		
			,
	year={1977}
			,
	publisher={Basic Books}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Directors' characteristics and committee membership: an investigation of type, occupation, tenure, and gender}}
		,
	author={{
			IFKesner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Academy of Management Journal}}
		
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			1
			
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	year={1988}
		
	

}

@book{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender influences in decisionmaking processes in top management teams}}
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	author={{
			KKlenke
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Management Decision}}
		
			41
			10
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Getting to the bottom line: an exploration of gender and earnings quality}}
		,
	author={{
			GVKrishnan
		} and {
			LMParsons
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			78
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ethics, diversity management, and financial reporting quality}}
		,
	author={{
			RLabelle
		} and {
			RMakni Gargouri
		} and {
			CFrancoeur
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			93
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Stakeholders and corporate boards: institutional influences on board composition and structure}}
		,
	author={{
			PLuoma
		} and {
			JGoodstein
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Academy of management journal}}
		
			42
			5
			
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	year={1999}
		
	

}

@book{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			JDMahadeo
		} and {
			TSoobaroyen
		} and {
			VOHanuman
		}}
		
		
		
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	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender and ethical orientation: A test of gender and occupational socialization theories}}
		,
	author={{
			ESMason
		} and {
			PEMudrack
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			15
			6
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings quality constructs and measures. The Business Review}}
		,
	author={{
			AMohammady
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Cambridge}}
		
			16
			1
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Breaking the glass ceiling: Can women reach the top of America's largest corporations}}
		,
	author={{
			AMMorrison
		} and {
			RPWhite
		} and {
			EVan Velsor
		}}
		
		
		
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	year={1987}
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	publisher={Addison-Wesley}
			,
	address={Reading, MA}
		
	

}

@book{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Accelerating board diversity: An update}}
		,
	author={{
			INatividad
		}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Corporate Women Directors International Report}

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Nordic perspective on corporate board diversity. Working paper series, Nordic Innovation Centre}}
		,
	author={{
			TRandoy
		} and {
			SThomsen
		} and {
			LOxelheim
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
			,
	address={Oslo}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings quality and short sellers}}
		,
	author={{
			SRichardson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Accounting Horizons}}
		
			17
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Asset allocation and individual risk aversion}}
		,
	author={{
			WBRiley
		} and {
			KVChow
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Financial Analyst Journal}}
		
			48
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Building a business case for diversity}}
		,
	author={{
			GRobinson
		} and {
			KDechant
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Academy of Management Executive}}
		
			11
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{Does female board representation influence firm performance? The Danish evidence}}
		,
	author={{
			CRose
		}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			15
			2
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{The glass cliff: Implicit theories of leadership and gender and the precariousness of women's leadership positions}}
		,
	author={{
			MKRyan
		} and {
			SAHaslam
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Implicit leadership theories: Essays and explorations}}
				,
	editor={
			BSchyns
			BMeindl
			JR
		}
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			CTGreenwich
		}}
		
			,
	publisher={Information Age Publishing}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings quality}}
		,
	author={{
			KSchipper
		} and {
			LVincent
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Accounting Horizon}}
		
			17
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women in management and firm financial value: an exploratory study}}
		,
	author={{
			CBShrader
		} and {
			VBBlackburn
		} and {
			PIles
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Managerial Issues}}
		
			9
			3
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{Newly appointed directors in the boardroom: How do women and men differ}}
		,
	author={{
			VSingh
		} and {
			STerjesen
		} and {
			SVinnicombe
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Management Journal}}
		
			26
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Female directors and earnings quality}}
		,
	author={{
			BSrindhi
		} and {
			FAGul
		} and {
			JTsui
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contemporary Accounting Research}}
		
			28
			5
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Does female directorship on independent audit committees constrain earnings management?}}
		,
	author={{
			JSun
		} and {
			GLiu
		} and {
			GLan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business Ethics}}
		
			99
			3
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gender differences in the allocation of assets in retirement savings plans}}
		,
	author={{
			AESunden
		} and {
			BJSurette
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The American Economic Review}}
		
			88
			2
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@book{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Women and the new business leadership. Edition}}
		,
	author={{
			PThomson
		} and {
			TLloyd
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	publisher={Palgrave Macmillan}
		
	

}

@incollection{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{Leadership and gender: A dangerous liaison}}
		,
	author={{
			CTrinidad
		} and {
			AHNormore
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Leadership & Organization Development Journal}}
		
			26
			7
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{Board dynamics and the influence of professional background, gender and ethnic diversity of directors}}
		,
	author={{
			NVan Der Walt
		} and {
			CIngley
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Corporate Governance: An International Review}}
		
			11
			3
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{Breaking through the glass ceiling: women in management. Edition International Labour Organization}}
		,
	author={{
			LWirth
		}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{Does top executive gender diversity affect earnings quality? A large sample analysis of Chinese listed firms}}
		,
	author={{
			KYe
		} and {
			RZhang
		} and {
			ZRezaee
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting}}
		
			26
			1
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{Corporate Boards Gender Diversity and Earnings Persistence: The Case of French Listed Firms}}
		
	

}