a survey was made with Polish consumers about this subject and results were tried to be construed. a) Consumption, Consumer And Customer Concepts i. Consumption The process in which the substance of a thing is completely destroyed, used up, or incorporated or transformed into something else. Consumption of goods and services is the amount of them used in a particular time period. 2 ii. Consumer and Customer The "consumer" is the one who consumes the goods and services produced. As such, consumers play a vital role in the economic system of a nation because in the absence of the effective demand that emanates from them, the economy virtually collapses. 3 Customer is A person, company, or other entity which buys goods and services produced by another person, company, or other entity. 4 iii. Consumer Behaviour Concept Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy a product. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. 5 Consumer behavior is "The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society." Although it is not necessary to memorize this definition, it brings up some useful points: 6 ? Behavior occurs either for the individual, or in the context of a group (e.g., friends influence what kinds of clothes a person wears) or an organization (people on the job make decisions as to which products the firm should use). ? Consumer behavior involves the use and disposal of products as well as the study of how they are purchased. Product use is often of great interest to the marketer, because this may influence how a product is best positioned or how we can encourage increased consumption. Since many environmental problems result from product disposal (e.g., motor oil being sent into sewage systems to save the recycling fee, or garbage piling up at landfills) this is also an area of interest. ? Consumer behavior involves services and ideas as well as tangible products. ? The impact of consumer behavior on society is also of relevance. For example, aggressive marketing of high fat foods, or aggressive marketing of easy credit, may have serious repercussions for the national health and economy. b) The Decision Making Process Research suggests that customers go through a five-stage decision-making process in any purchase. This is summarised in the diagram below: 7 This model is important for anyone making marketing decisions. It forces the marketer to consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision (when it may be too late for a business to influence the choice!) When purchasing a product there are several processes,which consumers go through. These will be discussed below. 8 i. Problem/Need Recognition How do you decide which particular product or service to purchase? It could be that your Blu-Ray DVD player stops working and you now have to look for a new one. All those Blu-Ray DVD films you purchased you can no longer play! So you have a problem or a new need. For high value items like a Blu-Ray player or a car or other low frequency purchased products this is the process we would take. However, for impulse low frequency purchases e.g. chocolate the process is different. ii. Information search So we have a problem, our Blu-Ray player no longer works and we need to buy a new one. What is the solution? Yes go out and purchase a new one, but which brand? Shall we buy the same brand as the one that blew up? Or stay clear of that? Consumer often go on some form of information search to help them through their purchase decision. Sources of information could be family, friends, neighbours who may have the product you have in mind, alternatively you may ask the sales people, or dealers, or read specialist magazines like What DVD? to help with the purchase decision. You may even actually examine the product before you decide to purchase it. iii. Evaluation of different purchase options. So what Blu-Ray DVD player do we purchase? Shall it be Sony, Toshiba or Bush? Consumers allocate factors to certain products, almost like a point scoring system which they work out in their mind over which brand to purchase. so for one customer, brand may be more important then price and another, features and price are just as This means that consumers know what features from the rivals will benefit them and they attach different degrees of importance to each attribute. For example sound maybe better on the Sony product and picture on the Toshiba , but picture clarity is more important to you then sound. Consumers usually have some sort of brand preference with companies as they may have had a good history with a particular brand or their friends may have had a reliable history with one, but if the decision falls between the Sony DVD or Toshiba then which one shall it be? It could be that the a review the consumer reads on the particular Toshiba product may have tipped the balance and that they will purchase that brand. iv. Purchase decision through the purchase action. The process of going to the shop to buy the product, which for some consumers can be as just as rewarding as actually purchasing the product. Purchase of the product can either be through the store, the web, or over the phone. v. # Post Purchase Behaviour Ever have doubts about the product after you purchased it? This simply is post purchase behaviour and research shows that it is a common trait amongst purchasers of products. Manufacturers of products clearly want recent consumers to feel proud of their purchase and they want the customer to purchase from them again. It is therefore just as important for manufacturers to advertise for the sake of their recent purchaser so consumers feel comfortable that they own a product from a strong and reputable organisation. # c) Factors Affecting The Consumer Purchase Behavior Markets have to be understood before marketing strategies can be developed. People using consumer markets buy goods and services for personal consumption. Consumers vary tremendously in age, income, education, tastes, and other factors. Consumer behavior is influenced by the buyer's characteristics and by the buyer's decision process. Buyer characteristics include four major factors: cultural, social, personal, and psychological. We can say that following factors can influence the Buying decision of the buyer: 9 a. Cultural b. Social c. Personal d. Psychological The task of marketing is to identify consumers' needs and wants accurately, then to develop products and services that will satisfy them. For marketing to be successful, it is not sufficient to merely discover what customers require, but to find out why it is required. Only by gaining a deep and comprehensive understanding of buyer behaviour can marketing's goals be realised. Such an understanding of buyer behaviour works to the mutual advantage of the consumer and marketer, allowing the marketer to become better equipped to satisfy the consumer's needs efficiently and establish a loyal group of customers with positive attitudes towards the company's products. 10 Marketing of goods and services, nonmarketing factors that affect individuals to purchase as shown in Figure 2 can be explained. # Social Factors # ? Reference groups # ? Family # ? Rolls and status # Personal # Factors ? Age and lifecycle stage ? Occupation # ? Economic situation ? Lifestyle # ? Personality # Psychological Factors # ? Motivation # ? Perception # ? Learning # ? Beliefs and attitudes # ?Buyer i. # Cultural Factors Cultural factors have a significant impact on customer behavior. Cultural Factors, culture, subculture and social class to be examined under three headings. a. Cultur Culture is the complex of beliefs of human societies, their roles, their behavior, their values, traditions, customs and traditions. Culture is an extremely important concept to understand consumer behavior and that needs to be examined. 12 Culture is the sum of a shared purpose among members of society, customs, norms and traditions. Consumer purchasing decisions are often affected by factors that are outside of their control but have direct or indirect impact on how we live and what we consume. One example of this are cultural factors. Culture represents the behavior, beliefs and, in many cases, the way we act learned by interacting or observing other members of society. In this way much of what we do is shared behavior, passed along from one member of society to another. Yet culture is a broad concept that, while of interest to marketers, is not nearly as important as understanding what occurs within smaller groups or Sub-Cultures to which we may also belong. 13 b. Sub-cultur Each culture contains "sub-cultures" -groups of people with share values. Sub-cultures can include nationalities, religions, racial groups, or groups of people sharing the same geographical location. Sometimes a sub-culture will create a substantial and distinctive market segment of its own. For example, the "youth culture" or "club culture" has quite distinct values and buying characteristics from the much older "gray generation" 14 c. Social Class Every society possesses some form of social class which is important to the marketers because the buying behavior of people in a given social class is similar. In this way marketing activities could be tailored according to different social classes. Here we should note that social class is not only determined by income but there are various other factors as well such as: wealth, education, occupation etc. 15 In the UK's socioeconomic classification scheme, social class is not . Consumer Buyer Behaviour, http://www.knowthis.com/principlesof-marketing-tutorials/consumer-buying-behavior/external-influencesculture/ , 08.12.2011 14 # Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior, http://www.marketing91.com/factors-affecting-consumer-buyingbehavior/, 23.12.2011. 15 ii. # Social Factors A consumer's behaviour also is influenced by social factors, such as the (i) Groups (ii) Family (iii) Roles and status. 17 a. Reference Groups Reference groups have potential in forming a person attitude or behavior. The impact of reference groups varies across products and brands. For example if the product is visible such as dress, shoes, car etc then the influence of reference groups will be high. Reference groups also include opinion leader (a person who influences other because of his special skill, knowledge or other characteristics). 18 b. Family A family is two or more people living together who are related by blood or marriage. It is a part of a household which consists of individuals living singly or together with others in a residential unit. Consumer behaviour is influenced not only by consumer personalities and motivations, but also by the relationships within families (family is a familiar social unit). In a family, members must satisfy their individual and shared needs by drawing on a common and shared, relatively fixed supply of sources. The individual family is a strong, most immediate and most pervasive influence on decision-making. The husband, wife and children influence each other and are influenced by others. 19 # c. Roles and Status A person belongs to many groups-family, clubs, organizations. The person's position in each group can be defined in terms of both role and status. A role consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the persons around them. In last Lesson we discussed the Consumer Buying behavior its model and characteristics that can influence the decision for buying process. Today we will be continuing the same topic and will discuss the remaining factors that influence the buying process and decision of consumers. 20 iii. # Personel Factors Personel factors, a buyer's decisions are also influenced by personal characteristics such as the buyer's age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, life style, and personality and self-concept. 21 a. Age and Life-Cycle State People change the goods and services they buy over their lifetimes. Buying is also shaped by the stage of the family life cycle-the stages through which families might pass as they mature over time. Marketers often define their target markets in terms of life-cycle stage and develop appropriate products and marketing plans. 22 b. Occupation Occupation -a person's occupation affects the goods and services bought. Marketers try to identify the occupational groups that have an above-average interest in their products and services. A company can 19 Beliefs and attitudes a. Motivation Motivation is an activated internal need state leading to goal-directed behavior to satisfy that need. Accordingly motives can be defined as relatively enduring, strong, and persistent internal stimuli that arouse and direct behavior toward certain goals. 28 There are five different levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs: 29 i. Physiological Needs: These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. ii. Security Needs: These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire iii. Social Needs: These include needs for belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. iv. Esteem Needs: After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. v. Self-actualizing Needs :This is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Perception is called as the energy which makes us aware of the world around us and attaches a meaning to it after a sensing process. Each human being in the world sees his/her surroundings differently. Several people have the same ideas about a specific event. No one can see or feel the % 100 of all things. Ever wonder why people buy certain products? It is all about perception. Perception is how consumers understand the world around them based on information received through their senses. In response to stimuli, consumers subconsciously evaluate their needs, values and expectations, and then they use that evaluation to select, organize and interpret the stimuli. 31 The marketplace's perception of a brand or industry is extremely important, which is why big brands work so hard to ensure that the general perception surrounding them and their industry is as positive as possible. As a result, companies like Gillette, will pay David Beckham to 'model' their products. By aligning the way people feel about Beckham, with the Gillette brand, Gillette can improve the perception of their brand or reinforce what's already positive about it. 32 c. Learning Learning is a change in a person's thought processes caused by prior experience. 33 Consumer learning may result from things that marketers do, or it may result from stimuli that have nothing to do with marketing. Either way, almost all consumer behavior is learned. 34 # d. Beliefs and Attitudes Kotler defines belief as "descriptive thought that a person holds about something" and attitude as "a person's enduring favorable or unfavorable cognitive evaluations, emotional feelings, and action tendencies toward some object or idea" .Individuals can have specific beliefs and attitudes about specific products and services. 35 Marketers are interested in the beliefs that people formulate about specific products and services because these beliefs make up product and brand images that affect buying behavior. If some of the beliefs are wrong and prevent purchase, the marketer has to launch a campaign to correct them 20 . A consumer may believe that Sony's Cyber-shot camera takes the best HD video, is easiest to use, and is the most reasonably 31 priced. These beliefs may be based on knowledge, faith, or hearsay. Consumers tend to develop a set of beliefs about a product's attributes and then, through these beliefs, form a brand image-a set of beliefs about a particular brand. 36 People have attitudes regarding religion, politics, clothes, music, food, etc. Attitude of consumer also influences the consumer behavior. If consumer's attitude towards a product is favorable, then it will have positive effect on consumer behavior. The marketers discover prevailing attitude towards their product and try to make it positive, and if it is already positive, then try to maintain it. 37 a) Purpose And Scope Of Research The purpose of this study is by shedding light to the managers of founded and will be set up business and especially to the marketing department, which provides to development of country and which leads that the consumers are better known by them and better quality goods, services and ideas will be presented In the 1950s, "contemporary (modern) marketing concept" expresses the consumer-oriented businesses. What, when, where and at what price and why wants consumers, these questions were asked firstly about forty years ago. In other words, get to know people has become more important. # b) Methods And Sample In this study as data collection method questionnaire was preffered to obtain objective data and to interpret the first order, that person is the source or first hand. Questionnaire has been prepared according to the 'funnel'technique, that means from general to special. . Assumption of this technique, wenn the special questions are asked at first place to the surveys, they will be probably avoided. Research data, by sampling the group of Poland consumers , consist of multiple choice questions for the questionnaire. # c) Limiting Of ?nvestigation In the survey, altougth it was aimed 1000 people, reasons like limited time, financial problems and difficulty of doing research in an other country are the limits of this survey. # d) Results Analysis And Interpretation The data obtained were analyzed through computer program package "frequency" and the results were inerpreted according to this method. # Year e) An Analise With Of The Factors Which Affects Satisfaction And Buying Representing the main mass of the population of Poland in the random sampling method was chosen as 500 people i. # Do you generally like shopping? Table 2 In this question it's aimed to learn what kind of retailers consumers prefer. As it is seen in Table 3, 497 people responded to this question and 300 (%60.36) of them do their shopping from super markets, 61 ( %12,27) people from related store,56 (% 11,27) people from grocer and greengrocer, 45 ( %9,66) people form bazaar, 31 ( %6,2) people prefer other places to do their shopping. We can list some of the reasons why of super markets being preferred ; 1. Cheaper prices 2. Their being cool in summer and being warm in winter 3. Opportunities of credit card and receips (compared to the grocers) 4. Car park areas and play grounds for children We aimed to investigate with this question in general who does shopping. The number of surveys who answered as the father of the number is 49 (9,8%) individuals, all families in those 108 (21.6%), parents with the score of 55 (11%), the mother 132 (26,4%) in those 30 children (6%), and who said others consist of 124 (24.5%) people. According to these results, it seems to take the first place that the Mothers do the shopping exchange of Mothers in Poland. iv. With this question we aimed to learn what kind of expectations consumers have from shopkeepers and sellers and we wanted them to sign 3 choices in order.While 249 (50,51%) of 493 respondents wanted the seller to be sincere,cheerful, 119 (24,14%) of them said that the thing which is important is the product they need,72 (14,6%) people wanted the seller to be sincere when they laeve the store without finding the product they need, 26 (5.3%) of them wantedto be served tea or coffee; 4 people wanted to be given receipt or bill after sales; 16(3,2%) of them wanted to do shopping with credit cards. # How do you want shopkeep or sellers behave you when you go to buy product you need From these results we can conclude that as result of his nature a person wants the shopkeepers or sellers to be cheerful,sincere, honest. v. If you find a product or service in suitable condition, will you buy it even if you don't need it? We aimed to learn whether consumers have a knowledge about their rights and while 192 (39,92%) people said that they knew consumer protection law and consumer rights; 258 (53,64%) people said they didn't know about it . It can be seen from the results that consumers should to be informed. When you bring the product that you have paid much to the house, if it is out of order how would be your behaviour? The aim of this question is to learn consumers sensebility about what to do when the product they bought is out of order.274 (57,1%) people said they would seek solutions by going the store; 42 (8,75%) people said they would stay silent and decide not to do shopping from there; 56 (11,67%) people said they wouldn't mind and would think that things like that happen; 78(16,3%) people said they would accuse himself for not buying more qualified product. # Global Journal of Management When we look at the results we can see that the majority of people want to seek solutions to the problem and it can be said that this is a good improvment. ix. Which of the following are your reasons for not buying a product thet you haven't got in your house? The aim of this question is to learn the reason for not buying the products that the consumers haven't got at home .As it can be seen from the table 10; 86 (18,1%) people said the reason is insufficent income; 133 (27,94%) people said they didnt need; 163 (34,2%) people said because of the higher price of products ; 70 (14,7%) people said because of absence of product obtions in market. As a result we can say that majority of the consumers can't buy the product they havent got because of Higher price of product. # Year x. Which income zone is your parents' montly income included? The aim of this question is to determine the percentage of income which participants spend on food. As shown in Table 12 ; 128 people (26,67% ) spend 30%-40%; 151 people (31.46%) spend 20%-30% ; 96 people (20%) spend 40%-50%; 56 people (11.67%) spend 10%-20% and 49 ( 10.2 %) people spend %50 and above of their income on food. As a result it can be said that most of the respondents spend their great part of income on food. b. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to Clothing. The aim of this question is to determine the percentage of income which participants spend on clothing. As seen in Table 13 ; 217 people (48,22) spend %10-20 ; 134 people (29.8%) spend 20-30% ; 68 (15.11%) people spend % 30-40; 20 (4.4%) people spend 40%-50% and 11 people spend %50 and above of their income on clothing. According to this result it can be said that respondents spend less money on clothing than they spend on food. c. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to health service. With this question we wanted to learn the percentage of income spent on health. As we can see in Table 14 ; 235 (57.18%) people spend %10-20 ; 109 (26.52%) people spend 20%-30%; 44 (10.7%) people spend 30%-40%; 13 (3.2%) people spend %40-%50 and 10 (2.4%) people spend 50% and above of their income on health service. As a result we can say that respondents spend less money on health service than they spend on food and clothing. # d. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to education? In this question we aimed to learn the percentage of spending on education. As seen in Table 15 ; 184 (45%) people spend 10%-20% ; 126 (30.8%) people spend 20%-30% ; 52 (12,7%) people spend 30%-40% ; 29 (7%) people spend 40%-50% and 18 (4,4%) people spend %50 and above of their monthly income on education. # Year According to this result we can say that respondents spend less money on education than they spend on food and clothing. e. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to furniture? The aim of this question is to determine the percentage of spending on furniture. As we can see in Table 16 ; while 173 people didint answer for not spending Money on furniture, 222 (67.89%) people spend 10%-20% ; 71 (21.71%) people spend 20%-30% ; 20 (6%) people spend 30%-40% and 5 people spend 50% and above of their monthly income on furniture. As a result we can see that respondents spend much less money on furniture than they spend on food and clothing. f. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to saving money? We aimed to learn the percentage which respondents seperate for saving Money. As seen in Table 17, while 140 people didn't answer to this question; 200 (55.56%) people save 10%-20% ; 78 (21,67) people save 20%-30% ; 43 (11%) people save 30%-40% ; 22 people save 40-50% and 17 (4,7%) people save 50% and above of their Money. According to this result it can be said that respondents save a verry little part of their monthly income. In this question we wanted to learn whether consumers spend much money on shopping and whether they like shopping or not. As seen in In this question the purpose is to learn whether consumers do shopping to make themselves happy without thinking other peoples opinion.As seen in Table 19 ; 138 (29,7%) people do their shopping to make themselves happy ; 110 people (23,7%) undecided; 99 (21,3%) people dont do shopping to make themselves happy; 31 (6,7%) people certainly agreed ;87(18,71%) people certainly didn't agree. # Global Journal of Management According to this result it can be said that majority of the respondents do their shopping to make themselves happy without thinking others opinion. # xiv. The most important thing for me is brand of the services and goods i will take. We wanted to learn whether the most important thing for consumers is the brand of goods and services.As seen in Table 20 ; 137 (29,4%) people agreed; 93 (20%) people no agreed; 43 (9,2%) people certainly agreed and 57 (12,2%) people certainly no agreed; 136 people (29,2%) were undecided.. It can be concluded from this result that brand is an important on services and goods (36%). # xv. The important thing for me is quality of the goods and services i will take. The purpose of this question is to learn if the important thing for consumers is quality of goods and services. As we can see in Table 21; 200 (41,2%) people agreed; 123 (25,3%) people certainly agreed ; 57 (11,7%) people undecided; 59 (12,1%) people certainly no agreed and 47 people ( 9,7%) no agreed. According to this result we can say that the quality is very important factor for consumers when shopping ( 66,5%). # xvi. The important thing for me is price of the goods and services that i will take. We aimed to learn whether the guarantee period is important for consumers. As seen in Table 23; 173 (36,2%) people agreed; 59(12,3%) people certainly agreed; 67 (14%) people no agreed; 37(7,7%) people certainly no agreed. We can conclude that guarantee period is really important for majority of the participants. # xviii. The most important thing for me is that sellers convince me in every case on the goods and services that i will take. The aim is to learn whether sellers convince is important for participants.Table 24 shows that ; 107 (23,6%) people no agreed; 70 (15,4%) people certainlt no agreed; 73 (16,1%) people agreed and 20 (4,4%) people certainly agreed. As a result it can be said that participants think that sellers convice is not important fort them on the goods and services they will take. # xix. The most important thing for me is the spare part and technique service on the gooods and services that i will take. With this question we wanted to learn whether the spare parts and technique service is important for respondents. In Table 25 it can be seen ; 152 (32,9%) people agreed; 44 ( 9,5%) people certaainly agreed; 71 (15,4%) people no agreed and 49 (10,6%) people certainly no agreed. We can conclude that most of the respondents believe that the spare part and technique service is important when taking goods and services. # xx. The most important thing for me is my economic condition on goods and services that i will take. The purpose of this question is to learn whether their economic condition is important for participants when shopping. As seen in Table 26, 20 ( 4,5%) people certainly agreed; 151 (33,7%) people agreed; 68 (15,2%) people no agreed and 46 (10,3%) people certainly no agreed. According to this result most of the reespondents believe thath economic condition is really important for them. xxi. The most important thing for me is the effective advertisement on the goods and service that i will take. The aim of this question is to learn whether effective advertisement on the goods and services that they will take is important for participants.Table 27 show that 106 (23,6%) people didn't agree, 57 (12,7%) people agreed; 81 (18%) people certainly didn't agree and 19 (4,2%) people certainly agreed. We can say that effective advertisement is not an important factor. The most important thing for me is the product usage rate of the goods and services that i will take. The aim is to learn whether the product usage rate is the most important thing for paarticipants. In Table 28 , 171 (36,4%) people seemed to agree; 124 (26,4%) people certainly agreed, 56 (11,9%) people no agreed and 22 ( 4,7%) people certainly no agreed. # Global Journal of Management The product usage rate is an important factor for most of the participants approximetly (62,8%) . # xxiii. The most important thing for me is to be given gifts in buying goods and services. According to this result; we can say that being given gifts is not an important factor for he majority of the participants. # Year The aim of this question is to learn whether being given gifts is important for participants in buying goods and services. As it can be seen in The most important thing for me is the image of store and shop in buying goods and services. We wanted to learn how important the image of stores and shops for participants in buying goods and services. Table 30 shows that ; 184 (40,6%) people undecided; 109 (21,8%) people agreed ; 78 (17,2%) people no agreed; 62 (13,7%) people certainly no agreed and 20 (4,4%) people certainly agreed. We can say that don't think that the image of store and shop seemed to be the most important thing for participants. # xxv. The most important thing for me is fashion and widespread usage of goods and services. The purpose of this question is to learn how important fashion and widespread usage for participants.In Table 31 ; 97 (21,4%) people no agreed; 90 ( 19,9%) people agreed; 77 (17%) people certainly no agreed and 24 (5,3%) people certainly agreed. It can be said that fashion and wide spread usage is not an important factor for more than half of the participants. # xxvi. The most important thing form e is enjoying myself in buuying goods and services. Our aim is to learn how enjoying is important for participants in buying goods and services. As seen in Table 32; 192 ( 40,9%) people agreed by saying that enjoying themselves is the most important thing; 88 (18,8%) people certainly agreed; 58 ( 12,4%) people certainly no agreed and 55 (11,7%) people no agreed. It can be concluded from these results that enjoying is the most important criteria for most of the respondents. xxvii. The most important thing for me is approval of my family in buying goods and services. We aimed to learn how important approval of family is for participants in buying goods and services. In Table 33; 120 (26,4%) people seemed to no agreed; 94 (20,7%) people certainly no agreed; 59 (13%) people agreed and 22 ( 4,8%) people certainly agreed. As a result, approval of family isn't an important factor for majority of the participants in buying goods and services. xxviii. The most important thing form e is approval of my environment or friends in buying goods and services. According to these results, it can be said that the majority didn't believe that the most important factor in buying goods and services are enviroment and friends. xxix. The most important thing for me is approval of the group of the goods and services that i will take. The purpose of this question is to learn whether approval of the reference group is the most important thing for participants. As seen in Table 35 ; 157 (34,7%) people undecided; 122 (26,9%) people no agreed; 95 ( 21%) people certainly no agreed; 63 (13,9%) people agreed and 16 (3,5%) people certainly agreed about this. According to this result approval of the reference group is the most important factor for more than half of the respondents. # xxx. The most important thing form e is suitablity to my culture, belief, tradition and custom on the goods and services that i will take. According to these results that can be said that for the majority of survey respondents (approximately 38,6%), belief, culture and tradition are not the most important factor. The most important thing for me is suitablity to my age on the goods and services that i will take. The aim of this question is to learn whether suitablity to their age is the most important thing for participants. In Table 37 we can see that 44 (9,5%) people certainly agreed; 171 (36,9%) people agreed; 77 (16,6%) people no agreed and 58 (12,5%) people no agreed. # Global Journal of Management As a result we can say that suitablity to their age is the most important thing to them. # xxxii. The most important thing for me is suitability to my job of the goods and services that i will take. Our aim is to learn whether the most importanat thing for consumers is suitability for their job . Table 38 shows that 170 (36,9%) people agreed; 39 ( 8,5%) people certainly agreed ; 76 ( 16,5%) people no agreed and 40 (8,7%) people certainly no agreed . Majority of the respondents believe that suitablity to their job isn't the most important thing. # xxxiii. The most important thing for me is the colour or model of the goods and services that i will take. We wanted to learn marital status of respondents with this question. As seen in Table 43; 302 (63%) people are single; 159 (33,2%) people are married and 18 (3,8%) people are widow.It can be seen that more than half of the respondents are single. xxxviii. Gender? The aim of this question is to determmine sexes of respondents. As seen in Table 44; 228 (48,1%) people are female; 246 (51,9%) people are male, As a result majority of the respondents are male. Out of 500, 208 (approximately 62%) Polish participants stated that generally they like shopping. Business enterprises in Poland can attract consumers by increasing their level of satisfaction and this can be possible by knowing consumers and consumers' demands and desires very well. 300 people who participated in the survey said that they go supermarkets for shopping and this number forms the highest amount (60%) Some reasons for such a choice are as follows; 1. Lower prices 2. They are cool in summer and warm in winter 3. Opportunities of credit cards and getting a receipt (compared to the grocers) 4. Car parking lots and playgrounds for children 5. Variety of products 6. Fresh products It is stated that the supermarkets are the least affected from economic crisis in the world. (Hypermarkets and supermarkets are in the same category) It is found out that mostly mothers go to shopping in Poland. The rate of shopping by the mentioned mothers is 26,51% and this is the highest percentage. The results of the grading question that we asked to figure out the consumers' satisfaction level also give us the expected results. In the first grading, 246 people (50,51%) want the shop assistants or shop owners reply the demand "I want sellers to be cheerful, sincere and be interested in me" The repliers stated that even though they are in the suitable circumstance, they are not going to buy the products that they do not need (48,5%), they compare when they buy expensive (but liked) ones (76,92%), in a condition that the products that they bought are defective majority of them (57,1%) are going to go to the shop where they bought them and try to sort out a solution to their problem. When we look from the point that the consuming habits has changed in a positive way, this is pleasing. They stressed that they could not buy the products in their house because of high prices. We can see that they spend their revenue on food, clothing, health, education, home furniture, saving and other needs, respectively. The percentage of the answers of the questions that we asked separately to figure out the factors that affect the ones who attended the survey to buy are given as follows, from the higher to the lower; As purchasing a good or a service; 1. The brand of the good is important (66,5%), 2. The customer chooses his/her own good (59,7%), 3. The usage tariff of the good (59%), 4. The price of it (53,3%), 5. The colour and model of it (51,3%), 6. The guarantee date of it (48,5%), 7. The suitability of the good to the consumer's age (46,4%), 8. The suitability of the good to the consumer's job(45,4&), 9. The spare part(s) availability of it (42,4&), 10. The seller's convincing ability. (39%), Out of the topics and their rates mentioned above, it is figured out that these rates are important, the rest of the questions in the survey have none of importance. The rate of the repliers is as follows; University graduates: (41,48%) Officers: (33,68%) 18-25 years old singles: (63%) We can see that men attended the survey a bit more than women did. # Global Journal of Management 1![Figure 1 : Decision-Making Process.](image-2.png "Figure 1 :") 2![Figure 2 : Factors Affecting The Consumer Purchase Behavior.](image-3.png "Figure 2 :") 28![GP. (2011). "Consumer Behavior in Action; Real Life Applications for Marketing Managers" , M.E. Sharpe, Inc., USA.,29 Maslow Was Probably Right, http://bottom-of-theglass.blogspot.com/2011/05/maslow-was-probably-right.html, 23.12.2011 for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods and shelter from the environment.](image-4.png "28 Lantos,") 1ClassSocialOccupational Head of% of UKnameStatusHouseholdPopulationAUpper middleHigher professional administrativemanagerial, or3Intermediate managerial,BMiddleadministrativeor14professionalSuperiorsorclerical,C1Lower middlejunior administrativemanagerial, or27professionalC2Skilled workingSkilled manual workers25DWorkingSemi-skilled skilled manual workers andun-19EThose lowest level at subsistence ofState grade workers pensioners widows, casual or lower-or12 34 William D.PERREAULT and E. Jerome McCARTHY, Basic Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002, p.161. 35 Lee, S. (2007). Motivation Study Based on Expectancy Theory ,The Florida State University College of Information Academic Library Service, the Florida State University. 3FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentExteremely satisfied11022,022,122,1Satisfied19839,639,861,8Nuetral13026,026,188,0Dissatisfied377,47,495,4Exteremely dissatisfied234,64,6100,0Total49899,6100,0Missing2,4Total500100,0With this question,it is intendend to detect thepersons (4.6%) stated they did not like at all.like degree of consumer shopping . As shown in TableAccording to these data, it could be said that the vast2, 500 people responded to this question, 198 peoplemajority of those who surveyed (61,8 %) enjoy(39.76%) had enjoyed shopping satisfied, 130 peopleshopping.(26.10%) exteremely satisfied, 110 people (22.09%) is nuetral While, 37 persons (7.4%) did not like, and 23ii.Where do you generally do your shopping?FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentSuper market30060,060,460,4Grocer and greengrocer5611,211,371,6Bazaar489,69,781,3Related store6112,212,393,6Other316,26,299,8Total49799,4100,0Missing3,6Genel toplam500100,0 4CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentMother13226,426,526,5Father499,89,836,3Children306,06,042,4With parents5511,011,053,4The whole family10821,621,775,1Other12424,824,9100,0Total49899,6100,0Missing2,4Total500100,0 5ValidCumulativeFrequencyPercentPercentPercent 6Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentYes, I buy it11923,825,025,0No, I don't buy it23146,248,573,5Other12625,226,5100,0Total47695,2100,0Missing244,8General total500100,0vi. Do you do research and make a comparisonbefore you buy expensive goods ( for price, qualityand brand? 7Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentYes37074,076,976,9No8717,418,195,0Other244,85,0100,0Total48196,2100,0Missing193,8General total500100,0Its aimedto learn whether consumers dovii.Do you have any information about theresearch or make comparison before they buyconsumer protection law and consumer rightexpensive products. While 370 (76,92%) people saidyes; 87 (18,09%) of them said no. It can be seen that theconsumers who answer this question are sensible aboutdoing research before buying expensive goods. 8Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentYes25851,653,653,6No19238,439,993.5Other316,26,4100,0Total48196,2100,0Missing193,8General total500100,0 9CumulativeFrequencyPercent Valid PercentPercent 10CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentHigher price of product16332,634,234,2Absence of product options in market to meet my necessity in full7014,014,748,9Nsufficent income8617,218,167,0Don't need13326,627,995,0Other244,85,0100,0Total47695,2100,0Missing244,8General total500100,0 11ValidCumulativeFrequencyPercentPercentPercent600 PLN and below326,47,07,0Between 600-1000 PLN6713,414,621,6Between 1000-2000 PLN9418,820,542,1Between 2000-3000 PLN8416,818,360,53000 and above18136,239,5100,0Total45891,6100,0Missing428,4General total500100,0The aim of this question is to determine thethat salary of the majority of respondents are 3000 PLNincomes of families. As you can see from the table 11,and above.181 (39.52%) peoples income is 3000 PLN and above, 94 (20.52%) people between 1000 -2000 PLN ; 84 (18.34%) people between 2000 -3000 PLN; 67xi. What percentage of your montly income do you seperate to the following expense item?(14.63%) people between 600 -1000 PLN; 40 (9.17%)a. What percentage of your montly income do youpeople missing. According to this result it can be saidseperate to Food (Jedzenie) 12Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent% 10 -% 205611,211,711,7% 20 -%3015130,231,543,1% 30 -% 4012825,626,769,8% 40 -% 509619,220,089,8% 50 ve üzeri499,810,2100,0Total48096,0100,0Missing204,0General total500100,0 13Global Journal of ManagementFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent% 10 -% 2021743,448,248,2% 20 -%3013426,829,878,0% 30 -% 406813,615,193,1% 40 -% 50204,04,497,6© 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) and Business Research Volume XII Issue XV Version I 14Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent% 10 -% 2023547,057,257,2% 20 -%3010921,826,583,7% 30 -% 40448,810,794,4% 40 -% 50132,63,297,6% 50 ve üzeri102,02,4100,0Total41182,2100,0Missing8917,8General total500100,0 15Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent% 10 -% 2018436,845,045,0% 20 -%3012625,230,875,8% 30 -% 405210,412,788,5% 40 -% 50295,87,195,6% 50 ve üzeri183,64,4100,0Total40981,8100,0Missing9118,2General total500100,0 16CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercent% 10 -% 2022244,467,967,9% 20 -%307114,221,789,6% 30 -% 40204,06,195,7% 40 -% 5091,82,898,5% 50 ve üzeri51,01,5100,0Total32765,4100,0Missing17334,6General total500100,0 17CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercent% 10 -% 2020040,055,655,6% 20 -%307815,621,777,2% 30 -% 40438,611,989,2% 40 -% 50224,46,195,3% 50 ve üzeri173,44,7100,0Total36072,0100,0Missing14028,0General total500100,0 18Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed9418,820,620,6No agreed12825,628,148,7Undecided12124,226,575,2Agreed9118,220,095,2Certainly agreed224,44,8100,0Toplam45691,2100,0Missing448,8General total500100,0 18; 19Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed8717,418,718,7No agreed9919,821,340,0Undecided11022,023,763,7Agreed13827,629,793,3Certainly agreed316,26,7100,0Toplam46593,0100,0Missing357,0General total500100,0 20FrequencyPercent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed5711,412,212,2No agreed9318,620,032,2Undecided13627,229,261,4Agreed13727,429,490,8Certainly agreed438,69,2100,0 21Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed5911,812,112,1No agreed479,49,721,8Undecided5711,411,733,5Agreed20040,041,274,7Certainly agreed12324,625,3100,0Toplam48697,2100,0Missing142,8General total1000100,0 22Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed387,67,97,9Global Journal of ManagementNo agreed Undecided Agreed Certainly agreed Toplam Missing General total Bu sonuca göre; ankete cevap verenlerin büyük 72 116 161 97 484 16 50014,4 23,2 32,2 19,4 96,8 3,2 100,014,9 24,0 33,3 20,0 100,0 As a result of this, majority of the respondents 22,7 46,7 80,0 100,0ço?unlu?unun ( yakla??k % 70'inin) fiyat?n en önemlithink that the price is really important for them.faktör oldu?una inand?klar? söylenebilir. The aim of this question is to learn whether the most important thing for consumers is price . As shownxvii.The important thing for me is guarantee period of goods and services.in Table 22; 161 ( 33,3%) people agreed; 97 (20%)people certainly agreed; 38 ( 7,9%) people no agreed;72 (14,9%) people certainly noagreed. 23Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed377,47,77,7No agreed6713,414,021,8Undecided14228,429,751,5Agreed17334,636,287,7Certainly agreed5911,812,3100,0Toplam47895,6100,0Missing224,4General total500100,0 24Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed7014,015,415,4No agreed10721,423,639,0Undecided18436,840,579,5Agreed7314,616,195,6Certainly agreed204,04,4100,0Toplam45490,8100,0Missing469,2General total500100,0 25Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed499,810,610,6No agreed7114,215,426,0Undecided14629,231,657,6Agreed15230,432,990,5Certainly agreed448,89,5100,0Toplam46292,4100,0 26Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed469,210,310,3No agreed6813,615,225,4Undecided16332,636,461,8Agreed15130,233,795,5Certainly agreed204,04,5100,0Toplam44889,6100,0Missing5210,4General total500100,0 27Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed8116,218,018,0No agreed10621,223,641,6Undecided18637,241,483,1Agreed5711,412,795,8Certainly agreed193,84,2100,0Toplam44989,8100,0Missing5110,2General total500100,0 28CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentCertainly no agreed224,44,74,7No agreed5611,211,916,6Undecided9719,420,637,2Agreed17134,236,473,6Certainly agreed12424,826,4100,0Toplam47094,0100,0Missing306,0General total500100,0Figure 30: As those who accept the ProductUsage Rate Important Consumer Distribution. 29Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed5210,411,511,5No agreed10821,623,935,4Undecided18937,841,877,2Agreed8717,419,296,5Certainly agreed163,23,5100,0Toplam45290,4100,0Missing489,6General total500100,0Bu sorudaki amaç; ankete kat?lanlar?n, mal vehizmet al?mlar?ndaki en önemli faktörün ürünün yan?ndahediye verilmesi olup-olmad???n? ö?renmektir. Tablo 29'da görüldü?ü gibi, 189 ki?i ( 41,8%) undecided; 108 ki?i(23,9%) no agreed; 87 ki?i (19,2%) agreed; 52 ki?i(11,5%) certainly no agreed and 16 ki?i (3,5%) certainlyno agreed.Bu sonuca göre; ankete cevap verenlerinço?unun ürünün yan?nda hediye verilmesinin en önemlifaktör oldu?una inand?klar? söylenebilir. 29; 30Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed6212,413,713,7No agreed7815,617,230,9Undecided18436,840,671,5Agreed10921,824,195,6Certainly agreed204,04,4100,0Toplam45390,6100,0Missing479,4General total500100,0 31Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed7715,417,017,0No agreed9719,421,438,4Undecided16533,036,474,8Agreed9018,019,994,7Certainly agreed244,85,3100,0Toplam45390,6100,0Missing479,4General total500100,0 32Global Journal of ManagementFrequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed5811,612,412,4No agreed5511,011,724,1Undecided7615,216,240,3Agreed19238,440,981,2 33Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed9418,820,720,7No agreed12024,026,447,1Undecided15931,835,082,2Agreed5911,813,095,2Certainly agreed224,44,8100,0Toplam45490,8100,0Missing469,2General total500100,0 34Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed9218,420,220,2No agreed12725,427,948,1Undecided15931,834,983,1Agreed5811,612,795,8Certainly agreed193,84,2100,0Toplam45591,0100,0Missing459,0General total500100,0The purpose of these question is to learn howimportant the envirament and friends in buying goodsand services of the survey participants. As shown intable 34, 127 people (27,9%) no agreed; 92 people( 20.2%) certainly no agreed; 58 (12.7 %) agreed and 19people (% 4,2) certainly agreed. 35Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed9519,021,021,0No agreed12224,426,947,9Undecided15731,434,782,6Agreed6312,613,996,5Certainly agreed163,23,5100,0Toplam45390,6100,0Missing479,4General total500100,0 36CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentCertainly no agreed7414,816,216,2No agreed10220,422,438,6Undecided14729,432,270,8Agreed10420,822,893,6Certainly agreed295,86,4100,0Toplam45691,2100,0Missing448,8General total500100,0The purpose of this questionis to learn ifculture, beliefs and traditions are the most importantcriterias of the survey participants in buying goods andservices. As seen in Table 36 ; 147 ( 32,2%) peopleundecided; for 104 people ( 22,8%) faith, culture andtradition are the most important criteria in buying goodsand services. That for 102 people ( 22.4%) is the mostimportant no criteria when you say; for 74 people(16,2%) certainly no agreed , 29 persons (6,4%) hadmentioned certainly agreed. 37Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentCertainly no agreed5811,612,512,5No agreed7715,416,629,2Undecided11322,624,453,6Agreed17134,236,990,5Certainly agreed448,89,5100,0Toplam46392,6100,0Missing377,4General total500100,0 38CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentCertainly no agreed408,08,78,7No agreed7615,216,525,2Undecided13627,229,554,7Agreed17034,036,991,5Certainly agreed397,88,5100,0Toplam46192,2100,0Missing397,8General total500100,0 39CumulativeFrequencyPercentValid PercentPercentCertainly no agreed5010,011,011,0No agreed7915,817,428,4Undecided13827,630,358,7Agreed13527,029,788,4 40ValidCumulativeFrequencyPercentPercentPercentIlliterate142,82,92,9Primary school285,65,78,6High school12324,625,333,9University (Varational school or Faculty)20240,441,575,4Postgradute (Master and Doctorate)12024,024,6100,0Total48797,4100,0Missing132,6General total500100,0With this question we wanted to learnpostgraduate; 28( 5,7%) people are primary schoolparticipants education level. As seen in Table 40 , 202 (students and 14 (2,9%) people are illitrete.41,5%) people are undergraduate; 123 ( 25,3%) people are high school students; 120 (24,64%) people arexxxv.Your occupattion? 41Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentTeacher173,43,53,5Global Journal of ManagementOfficer Worker Free occupation Unoccupation Other Total Missing General total162 93 28 40 141 481 19 50032,4 18,6 5,6 8,0 28,2 96,2 3,8 100,033,7 19,3 5,8 8,3 29,3 100,037,2 56,5 62,4 70,7 100,0 42FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentBetween 18 -2522144,245,045,0Between 25 -3513527,027,572,5Between 35 -457014,014,386,8Between 45 -55387,67,794,555 and above275,45,5100,0Total49198,2100,0Missing91,8General total500100,0xxxvii.Martial status? 43Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentSingle30260,463,063,0Married15931,833,296,2Widow183,63,8100,0Total47995,8100,0Missing214,2General total500100,0 44Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative PercentFemale22845,648,148,1TotalMale24649,251,9100,0Toplam47494,8100,0Missing265,2General total500100,0 The decision-making process, http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/buying_decision_process.asp, 11.01.2012. Consumer Buyer Behaviour, http://www.learnmarketing.net/consumer.htm, 16.01.2012. Yakup Durmaz and Others, The Impact of Cultural Factors on the Consumer Buying Behaviors Examined through An Impirical Study, http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol._2_No._5_[Special_Issue_-_March_2011]/13.pdf, 16.01.2012. 13 © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) and Business Research Volume XII Issue XV Version I Lamb, CW., Hair, JF., MacDaniel, C. (2010) "MKTD 5", Cengage Learning, Mason 37 Trehan, M, Trehan R. (2009). "Advertising and Sales Management" , V.K. India Enterprises, New Delhi. © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) © 2012 Global Journals Inc. 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Etkileyen Faktörlere Bütünle?ik Yakla??m Ve Ad?yaman ?linde Bir Alan Çal??mas? * Yakup Durmaz and Others, The Impact of Cultural Factors on the Consumer Buying Behaviors Examined through An Impirical Study 2012 Sp ecial_Issue_-_March_2011]/13.pdf, 16.01. * DurmazYakup ZenginSevil 16.01 An Impirical Study on the Effect of Family Factor on Consumer Buying Behaviours 201 2 * DWilliam EJeromePerreault Mccarthy 2002 161 Basic Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York