@incollection{,
	
					
					
					D96050BA250175CFD44B0298F9A74727
				,
	author={{Muhammad ZubairKhan} and {Dr. AllahNawaz} and {Gomal University Pakistan}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1264554
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			3
			2
			,
	year={May 11. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Why Pakistan Must Breakout into the Knowledge Economy}}
		,
	author={{
			DRAmjad
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Annual Conference on Pakistan Economy. Lahore School of Economics}}
		
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2009}
		
	

}

@book{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{/05/03/external-accounts-and-foreign-debt-management}}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{References Références Referencias}}
		
	

}

@book{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of ICT on education: the three opposed paradigms, the lacking discourse}}
		,
	author={{
			RAviram
		} and {
			DTami
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2004. July 14, 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Networked Learning in the Knowledge Economy -A Systemic Challenge for Universities}}
		,
	author={{
			HBaumeister
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={2006. March 12, 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Distance and E-Learning}

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impact of ICT Revolution on the African Academic Landscape}}
		,
	author={{
			MABeebe
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{CODESRIA Conference on Electronic Publishing and Dissemination}}
		
			,
	year={2004. September 2004. April 5, 2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Training Proposal for e-Learning Teachers}}
		,
	author={{
			FEBlázquez
		} and {
			LADíaz
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2006. April 10. 2010}
		
	

}

@book{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Action-oriented group learning in the implementation of information technologies: results from three case studies}}
		,
	author={{
			TVBondarouk
		}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Information Systems}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={April 10. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Students' Preferences on Web-Based Instruction: linear or non-linear}}
		,
	author={{
			NECagiltay
		} and {
			SYildirim
		} and {
			MAksu
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			9
			3
			
			,
	year={2006. April 10. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social software: E-learning beyond learning management systems}}
		,
	author={{
			CDalsgaard
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	
	,
	note={Distance and E-Learning}

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Lifelong Learning Iceberg of Information Systems Academics -A Study of On-Going Formal and Informal Learning by Academics}}
		,
	author={{
			BDavey
		} and {
			ATatnall
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Information Technology Education}}
		
			6
			,
	year={2007. July 14. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT and Lifelong Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			DDinevski
		} and {
			DPKokol
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={2005. September 27. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Distance and E-Learning. Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Adopting a Web-Based Collaborative Tool to Support The Manchester Method Approach to Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			PMDrinkwater
		} and {
			CMAdeline
		} and {
			SFrench
		} and {
			KNPapamichail
		} and {
			TRickards
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal on e-Learning}}
		
			2
			1
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Commentary: Crossing the digital divide: How race, class, and culture matter}}
		,
	author={{
			MJDrucker
		}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education}}
		
			6
			1
			,
	year={July 18. 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Quality in e-learning from a learner's perspective}}
		,
	author={{
			UEhlers
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning}}
		
			,
	year={2005. April 10, 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Information Technology Literacy: Implications on Teaching and Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			ZEzziane
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			10
			3
			
			,
	year={2007. April 10, 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Identifying the Generation Gap in Higher Education: Where Do the Differences Really Lie?}}
		,
	author={{
			PGarcia
		} and {
			JQin
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			3
			4
			,
	year={2007. April/May. Retrieved April 10, 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Instructional Blogging: Promoting Interactivity, Student-Centered Learning, and Peer Input}}
		,
	author={{
			SGlogoff
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			1
			5
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MGraff
		} and {
			JDavies
		} and {
			MMcnorton
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cognitive Style and Cross Cultural Differences in Internet Use and Computer Attitudes}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
	
	,
	note={Distance and E-Learning}

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT for education: Potential and potency}}
		,
	author={{
			WDHaddad
		} and {
			SJurich
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{UNESCO}}
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT as an enabler of socioeconomic development}}
		,
	author={{
			THameed
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2007. September 27. 2011}
		
	

}

@book{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			JHvorecký
		} and {
			VSMana?mentu
		} and {
			PCesta
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can E-learning break the Digital Divide}}
		,
	author={{
			E-Learning
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Impacts of ICT in education. The role of the teacher and teacher training}}
		,
	author={{
			AKJager
		} and {
			AHLokman
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Paper Presented at the European Conference on Educational Research}}
				Lahti; Wageningen, The Netherlands
		
			,
	year={1999. Finland 22 -25 September}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital Democracy in Higher Education Bridging the Digital Divide}}
		,
	author={{
			SJuniu
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			1
			,
	year={2005. October/ November. Retrieved April 10. 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Social Software for Life-long Learning}}
		,
	author={{
			RKlamma
		} and {
			MAChatti
		} and {
			EDuval
		} and {
			HHummel
		} and {
			EHHvannberg
		} and {
			MKravcik
		} and {
			ELaw
		} and {
			ANaeve
		} and {
			PScott
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			10
			3
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue VI Version I 52 72-83}}
		
		
			,
	year={June 24. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Factors affecting teachers' perceived readiness for online collaborative learning: A case study in Malaysia}}
		,
	author={{
			ACKoo
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Educational Technology & Society}}
		
			11
			1
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{India: Globalization and IT Development}}
		,
	author={{
			SKrishna
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{South Asian Journal}}
		
			,
	year={2006. July 14. 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{From objectivism to social constructivism: The impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on higher education}}
		,
	author={{
			GMKundi
		} and {
			ANawaz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{The future of integration, personalization, and ePortfolio technologies}}
		,
	author={{
			SLacour
		}}
		
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			1
			4
			,
	year={April/ May. Retrieved September 27, 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT and Higher Education}}
		,
	author={{
			BLoing
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{General delegate of ICDE at UNESCO. 9th UNESCO/NGO Collective Consultation on Higher Education}}
				
			,
	year={2005}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{What role can educational multimedia play in narrowing the digital divide}}
		,
	author={{
			HMacleod
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			1
			4
			,
	year={2005. August 9. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integrating technology into the teaching-learning transaction: Pedagogical and technological perceptions of management faculty}}
		,
	author={{
			PMehra
		} and {
			MMital
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			3
			1
			,
	year={2007. July 23. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Teaching Social Software with Social Software}}
		,
	author={{
			UMejias
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			5
			,
	year={2006. June/July. Retrieved April 10. 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Get set! e-Ready, ? e-Learn! The e-Readiness of Warehouse Workers}}
		,
	author={{
			HBMoolman
		} and {
			SBlignaut
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Educational. Technology & Society}}
		
			11
			1
			
			,
	year={2008. April 10. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital opportunity initiative: for Pakistan. A paper evaluating Pakistani eReadiness Initiatives. National Post Graduate Institute of Telecommunications & Informatics, PTCL. IT & Telecom Division, Ministry of Science and Technology}}
		,
	author={{
			YHMujahid
		}}
		
			,
	year={2002}
		
		
			Government of Pakistan
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Predictor of elearning development and use practices in higher education institutions (HEIs) of NWFP, Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			3
			
			,
	year={2010a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital literacy: An analysis of the contemporary paradigms}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010b. July 23. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Digital literacy: An analysis of the contemporary paradigms}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			1
			2
			
			,
	year={2010c}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Users of elearning in higher education institutions (HEIs): Perceptions, styles and attitudes}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			GMKundi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies (IJTCS)}}
		
			3
			2/3/4
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sustained technical support: Issues & prospects for eLearning in HEIs}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			AQQureshi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Management & Business Research}}
		
			10
			9
			
			,
	year={2010a}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-Teaching/E-Pedagogy: Threats & Opportunities for teachers in HEIs}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			AQQureshi
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Management & Business Research}}
		
			10
			9
			
			,
	year={2010b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges of e-Teaching: Contemporary Paradigms and Barriers}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			Najeebullah
		} and {
			AMiankheil
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research Journal of Information Technology (RJIT)}}
		
			3
			2
			
			,
	year={2011a. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integrating educational technologies in higher education of the developing countries}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		} and {
			ZAwan
		} and {
			BAhmad
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Education and Practice}}
		
			2
			2
			,
	year={2011b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Using eLearning as a tool for 'education for all' in developing states}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research}}
		
			6
			1
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{Users' training: The predictor of successful eLearning in HEIs}}
		,
	author={{
			ANawaz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global Journal of Computer Science & Technology}}
		
			11
			4
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of ICT in higher education for the 21st century: ICT as a change agent for education}}
		,
	author={{
			ROliver
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2002. April 14. 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{A Case Study of the Relationship Between Socio-Epistemological Teaching Orientations and Instructor Perceptions of Pedagogy in Online Environments}}
		,
	author={{
			PPhillips
		} and {
			JWells
		} and {
			PIce
		} and {
			RCurtis
		} and {
			RKennedy
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal for the Integration of Technology in Education}}
		
			6
			
			,
	year={2008. April 10. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{eLearning development in HEIs: Uncomfortable and comfortable zones for March Implications of the Shifting Paradigms in eLearning for Developing Countries like Pakistan developing countries}}
		,
	author={{
			QAQureshi
		} and {
			SAhmad
		} and {
			Najibullah
		} and {
			ANawaz
		} and {
			BShah
		}}
		
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Gomal University Journal of Research}}
		
			25
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{A survey of Internet access in a large public university in Bangladesh}}
		,
	author={{
			MRoknuzzaman
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			2
			3
			,
	year={2006. May 11. 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{New functions of higher education and ICT to achieve education for all. Paper prepared for the Expert Roundtable on University and Technology-for-Literacy/Basic Education Partnership in Developing Countries}}
		,
	author={{
			BCSanyal
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{UNESCO}}
		
			,
	year={2001. 10 to 12 Sep, 2001}
		
	
	,
	note={International Institute for Educational Planning}

}

@incollection{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{Integrating Information and Communication Technology in the Classroom: A Comparative Discourse Analysis}}
		,
	author={{
			BSasseville
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			30
			2
			,
	year={2004. May 14, 2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evolution of eLearning in HEIs: Challenges & Opportunities for Developing Countries like Pakistan}}
		,
	author={{
			ASattar
		} and {
			ANawaz
		} and {
			Najibullah
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences}}
		
			1
			5
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{The rainbow bridge metaphor as a tool for developing accessible e-learning practices in higher education}}
		,
	author={{
			JKSeale
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			32
			2
			,
	year={2006. May 14, 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Information technology in developing a meta-learning environment}}
		,
	author={{
			SSirkemaa
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={2001}
		
	
	,
	note={Distance and E-Learning}

}

@book{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{Adaptive Hypermedia: A New Paradigm for Educational Software}}
		,
	author={{
			HSpallek
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2003. April 10, 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{Preparing Academic Staff for e-Learning at the University of Botswana}}
		,
	author={{
			DThurab-Nkhosi
		} and {
			MLee
		} and {
			DGiannini-Gachago
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Innovate Journal of Online Education}}
		
			2
			1
			,
	year={2005. Oct/Nov. Retrieved April 10. 2009}
		
	

}

@book{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{UNDP's regional project, the Asia-Pacific Development Information Program (APDIP), in association with the secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)}}
		,
	author={{
			VLTinio
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2002. April 10, 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Presented by UNDP for the benefit of participants to the World Summit on the Information Society. Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Higher education in a globalized Society}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{UNESCO}}
		
			,
	year={2004. April 10. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={UNESCO Education Position Paper}

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Education and ICT}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{UNESCO}}
		
			,
	year={2007. Retrieved October 10, 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
		,
	title={{Policies and trends in higher education. The University of Queensland Australia}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{UQA}}
		
			,
	year={2001. April 10. 2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b67,
	
	
		,
	title={{ICT in higher education: An uncomfortable zone for institutes and their policies}}
		,
	author={{
			MValcke
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference}}
				,
	editor={
			RAtkinson
			CMcbeath
			DJonas-Dwyer
			&RPhillips
		}
		the 21st ASCILITE Conference
		
			,
	publisher={Perth}
			,
	year={2004. 5-8 December. Retrieved April 10. 2010}
			
		
	
	,
	note={Beyond the comfort zone}

}

@book{b68,
	
	
		,
	title={{(editor) The IEBM handbook of information technology in business}}
		,
	author={{
			GWalsham
		}}
		,
	editor={Zeleny, Milan}
		
			,
	year={2000}
			,
	publisher={Business Press}
			
			,
	address={Thomson Learning}
		
	
	,
	note={IT/S in developing countries}

}

@book{b69,
	
	
		,
	title={{MyVLE: A case study in building a universal telematic education environment for a small university}}
		,
	author={{
			TWard
		} and {
			KMonaghan
		} and {
			RVilling
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b70,
	
	
		,
	title={{Distance and E-Learning}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Open}}
		
			,
	year={April 10. 2010}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}

@incollection{b71,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges and opportunities in ICT educational development: A Ugandan case study}}
		,
	author={{
			RWells
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development}}
		
			3
			2
			,
	year={2007. July 21. 2007}
		
	
	,
	note={ICT}

}

@incollection{b72,
	
	
		,
	title={{Investing in ICTs in educational institutions in developing countries: An evaluation of their impact in Kenya}}
		,
	author={{
			PWims
		} and {
			MLawler
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Education and Development using ICT}}
		
			3
			1
			,
	year={2007. July 21. 2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b73,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bridging Theory and Practice: Developing Guidelines to Facilitate the Design of Computer-based Learning Environments}}
		,
	author={{
			LDYoung
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology}}
		
			29
			3
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@book{b74,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Fall/Autumn
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={August 19. 2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b75,
	
	
		,
	title={{Can Teacher Technology Integration Training Alone Lead to High Levels of Technology Integration? A Qualitative Look at Teachers' Technology Integration after State Mandated Technology Training}}
		,
	author={{
			YZhao
		} and {
			FBryant
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technology in Education}}
		
			5
			
			,
	year={2006. September 27. 2011}
		
	
	,
	note={Retrieved}

}