@incollection{,
	
					
					
					1378C96E8649920D4848AB38D7CA7771
				,
	author={{Dr.YasirHabib} and {Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad-Pakistan}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1257983
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of initiating dividends on shareholder wealth}}
		,
	author={{
			PAsquith
		} and {
			DMullins
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business}}
		
			56
			
			,
	year={1983}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dividend policy and stock price volatility: Australian evidence}}
		,
	author={{
			DEAllen
		} and {
			VSRachim
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Economics}}
		
			6
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Determinants of corporate dividend policy in Jordan: an application of the Tobit model}}
		,
	author={{
			HNAl-Malkawi
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Accounting Research}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{The association between dividend payout and outside Directorships}}
		,
	author={{
			BAl-Najjar
		} and {
			KHussainey
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Accounting Research}}
		
			10
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dividend policy and the volatility of common stock}}
		,
	author={{
			JBaskin
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Portfolio Management}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Imperfect information & dividend policy and the 'bird in hand' fallacy}}
		,
	author={{
			SBattacharya
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Bell Journal of Economics}}
		
			10
			
			,
	year={1979}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The dividend puzzle}}
		,
	author={{
			FBlack
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Portfolio Management}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={1976}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{An Alternate Approach to Fundamental Analysis: The Asset Side of the Equation}}
		,
	author={{
			TWDowns
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Portfolio Management}}
		
			17
			2
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Reversal of fortune: dividend policy and the disappearance of sustained earnings growth}}
		,
	author={{
			HDeangelo
		} and {
			LDeangelo
		} and {
			DJSkinner
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
			40
			3
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings volatility and earnings predictability}}
		,
	author={{
			IDichev
		} and {
			VTang
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			47
			2
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Disappearing dividends: changing firm characteristics or lower propensity to pay?}}
		,
	author={{
			EFama
		} and {
			KFrench
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
			60
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Capital equipment analysis: the required rate of profit}}
		,
	author={{
			MJGordon
		} and {
			EShapiro
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Management Science}}
		
			3
			
			,
	year={1956}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Stock market returns, volatility and future output, available at}}
		,
	author={{
			HGuo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Estimating stock volatility}}
				
			,
	year={2002. 2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The distribution of incomes of corporations among dividends, retained earnings and taxes}}
		,
	author={{
			JLintner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Economic Review}}
		
			46
			
			,
	year={1956}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dividends, earnings, leverage, stock prices and supply of capital to Corporations}}
		,
	author={{
			JLintner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Review of Economics and Statistics}}
		
			64
			
			,
	year={1962}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dividend policy, growth and the valuation of shares}}
		,
	author={{
			MHMiller
		} and {
			FModigliani
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of Business}}
		
			34
			
			,
	year={1961}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Dividend Policy Under Asymmetric Information}}
		,
	author={{
			MHMiller
		} and {
			KRock
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
			40
			4
			
			,
	year={1985}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{The extreme value method for estimating the variance of the rate of Return}}
		,
	author={{
			MParkinson
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Business}}
		
			53
			
			,
	year={1980}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			SRoss
		} and {
			RWesterfeld
		} and {
			BJordon
		}}
		
		
		,
	title={{Fundamentals of Corporate Finance}}
				New York, NY
		
			,
	publisher={McGraw-Hill Higher Education}
			,
	year={2003}
		
	
	,
	note={6th ed.}

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			JWilliams
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Efficient Signalling with Dividends, Investment, and Stock Repurchases}}
				
			,
	year={1988}
			43
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Two agency-cost explanations of dividends}}
		,
	author={{
			FHEasterbrook
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The American Economic Review}}
		
			74
			
			,
	year={1984}
		
	

}