\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={Decision to Adopt the Academic Program},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2011-07-06 (revised: 06 July 2011)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2011-07-06}
\title{Decision to Adopt the Academic Program}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Malik Muhammad  Shafiq}

             \affil[1]{  The university of Lahore}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 31 May 2011 Accepted: 21 June 2011 Published: 6 July 2011}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes of the students toward adoption of the academic program. A 19-item questionnaire was adapted to collect data on the decision by the students. This study is based on primary data, which collected from 154 students from 4 different University of Lahore District, Pakistan. For this purpose self designed questionnaire was used for data collection.. Cranach-Alpha reliability is 78% and 95 % students done matriculation in science subjects. Majority of students decided their graduation degree himself. 77% students decided about their professional degree themselves. 20.3 % students feel undue pressure from their parents to undertake academic related decision. 80.5% students out of 20.3% feels that pressure of their parents are in their favor and 19.5% feels that the pressure was not in their favor and they feel that if they were given freedom to select their academic decision, they would be at better place in their life and concluded that positive impact of decision making on academic achievement. After thorough analysis it concluded that mostly students take their academic decision themselves and females have less decision making power as compare to male because Pakistan being as a Muslim Country doesn?t given freedom to females to make decision regarding any issue of their life.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{Decision making, students, university, academic program, education and Pakistan}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{INTRODUCTION}]{INTRODUCTION}\par
ecision making is very important issue for students which all student facing now days. As defined by Baker et al in their 2001 study and said that efficient decision-making involves a series of steps that require the input of information at different stages of the process, as well as a process for feedback. Decision making can be regarded as a mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternative scenarios. Every decision making process produces a final choice. The output can be an action or an opinion of choice. In our environment with imperfect information, education contributes to production as a "locative effect," arising from enhanced ability to acquire and process information efficiently, as well as a "worker effect." An educated person is making good decision as compared to non educated person because he already informed about process and advantages and disadvantages of any decision. There approximately 161 universities working in Pakistan. Some Students take decision about their study himself and other handsome student not take about decision about their education and their parents decide academic programs. The results shows that mostly student having 1 st division and II. 
\section[{LITERATURE REVIEW}]{LITERATURE REVIEW}\par
Few numbers of researchers have conducted research on Decision making regarding selection of academic program .Rehman, N.U, et al (2010) using primary data from 200 parents of secondary school students and find that some factors like social economic and cultural factor influence on a decision making among parents and mostly parents prefer to enrolled their children in best schools. 95 parents believe that private schools produce self confident students. 86\% parents avoided public schools due to unsuitable education environment and 89\% parents due to overcrowded classes. Imran, Naila. et al (2008) identify that higher enrollment in private school due to better quality of education and conclude that parent's education and income was positively and strong influenced private school there is a negative relationship between private school and age of children, family size and income level. a) Objectives of this study i. To identify impact of decision making on academic achievements among Universities students. ii. Why females have less decision making power as compare to males? b) Hypothesis statement H o : There is no impact of decision making on academic achievements among Universities students. H 1 : There is impact of decision making on academic achievements among Universities students. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION}]{METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION}\par
Basically this research methodology depends upon the references selection of students from different universities. In this research the target population was all students of all university of Lahore districts. There are approximately 9 universities working in Lahore .The data was gather from 3 private and one public universities. It  
\section[{b) Sampling}]{b) Sampling}\par
For this study the sample population was male and female students from 3 private and one public university. The data was collected through structured questionnaires which is structured questionnaires using different approach.\par
IV. 
\section[{DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS}]{DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS}\par
For this purpose data was operated by using SPSS 16 version and apply different tests. a) Demographics Profile Data has been collected from both male \& female. 31\% are females and 69 \% are males who have filled the questionnaire. 91\% participants belongs to the age from 18 to 25, 4.5\% belongs to the age of 26 to 30 and 4.5\% belongs to the age of 31 to 35. 60\% are nontotalized participants and 40\% are totalized participants. 31.8\% participants had the inspiration in their childhood that they will become engineer, 17.5\% inspire to become doctor, 32\% inspire to become businessmen, 12.3\% pilot and 17.5\% other which includes 95.5 \% participants has done their matriculation in science and 4.5 \% in arts, 72 \% participants decide their self about their matriculation, parents of 3.2\%.  
\section[{REGRESSION EQUATION}]{REGRESSION EQUATION}\par
Academic Achievement = 1.89 + .238making decision ??? R-Square = .67.Regression equation shows the positive effect of making decision on academic achievement. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{CONCLUSION}]{CONCLUSION}\par
In whole paper to identify impact of decision making on academic achievements among Universities students and conclude that 83.1 \%students himself take decision regarding their academic program.61 \% students agree with their parent's ideas and decisions. In Pakistan parents of student enforce to his child regarding the decision making about education.85 \% students said that teacher and parent are very important rule in selecting study of course. 58 \% student wants to that they would decide their education career himself. The Corn -Bach alpha rialibilty of data is 78\% its mean data is reliable. 25.3\% students feel undue pressure from your parents to undertake academic related decision and 74.7\% don't feel. 83\% students have achieved 1 st division and 17 \% have achieved 2 nd division in matriculation. 52.6 percent students have done their intermediate in Pre-Engineering, 23.4 in medical, 7.8 \% in computer science, 6.5 \% in general sciences and 9.7 \% have done simple FA. Main purpose of this paper is find out the impact of decision making on academic achievement and find that positive impact of decision making on academic achievement. If making decision increases by 1 unit then academic achievement of students increased by .238.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) © 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 			\footnote{© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) get CGPA above 3.5. decision and 16.9 \%} 			\footnote{© 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) 24, from 2009, shek/admin/pages/ fil metrica.pdf.} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Consumer decision making Perspectives on Psychological Science]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		‘Consumer decision making’.  	 	 		\textit{Perspectives on Psychological Science}  		26  (3)  p. .  	 	 (Journal of Consumer Research) 
\bibitem[Milkman and Rogers ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{Determinant's of parents' choice in selection of Private Schools for their children in District Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province},  		 			K L Milkman 		,  		 			T Rogers 		.  		2010. 2010. 2010. 44 p. .  	 	 (Harnessing our inner angels and demons: What Rehman) 
\bibitem[Iram ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Determinants of Child School In Punjab’.  		 			Naila Iram 		.  	 	 		\textit{European Journal of Scientific Research}  		2008. 2008. 23  (2)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Hiv and Fedorikhin ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		\textit{Heart and mind in conflict. The interplay of affect and cognition in we have learned about want/should conflict and how that knowledge can help us reduce short-sighted},  		 			B Hiv 		,  		 			A Fedorikhin 		.  		1999.  	 	 (Decision to Adopt the Academic Program -) 
\bibitem[Government Of Pakistan ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{Pakistan Education Statistics 20074-08, Academy of Educational Planning and Management, Ministry of Education},  		 			Government Of Pakistan 		.  		2009. Islamabad.  	 
\bibitem[Rivkin and Hanushek (2002)]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘Teachers, Schools and Academic Achievement’.  		 			S G Rivkin 		,  		 			E A Hanushek 		.  		 \url{http://edpro.stanford.edu/Hanu-es/uploads/teachers.econo-}  	 	 		\textit{Taxas School Project}  		2002. March.  	 	 (University of Taxas-Dallas) 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}