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             \author[1]{Sirajul  Arefeen}

             \author[2]{Muhammad Khairi Bin  Mohyuddin}

             \author[3]{Mohammad Aktaruzzaman  Khan}

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\date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2019 Accepted: 1 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


In this competitive world highly skilled manpower is considered to play key role in developing a nation. On the other hand, highly educated people are blamed for recent business and financial scandals. Moreover, studies established that pupils who deceive in their student life are found to be engaged in immoral workplace conduct. The Student today is the future leader of the country. Hence, the combination of quality with morality is emphasized in the universities of in many developed counties like the USA, China

\end{abstract}


\keywords{students? unethical behavior; tertiary level education; unethical workplace behavior.}

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\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he growth of the country and civilization is exceedingly conditional to the quality of the education of the country. Therefore, advancedlevel education is for producing able, conversant and visionary citizens for shouldering several innovative obligations. In this extremely competitive global society, the need of up-to-date knowledge and expertise is increasing rapidly. Specially, higher education plays the vital role for the progress of emerging economy and the society  {\ref (UGC, 2006)}. The necessity of remarkably competent and experienced persons is recognized for sustainable development and poverty mitigation from the preceding era. A student today will be the future leader of the country. Hence, educational institutions contribute to society by providing professionals in every sphere of society as need be, like doctors, engineers, academics, intellectuals, etc. By which integrated development of a country and personnel management as well as improvement is accomplished. It is only possible by the efforts of skilled personnel of the nation. Through research and extensive investigation, educational and training institutions also provide up-todate and well equipped general and technical equipments for every sector of the state as per the requirements of the research and development division of the country and the corporations (UGC, 2005).\par
Higher education institutes are established to introduce new concepts, methods, techniques, and principles through experimentations, investigations and other study procedures. These are established to generate highly trained and proficient manpower with the expected level of morality and know-how to work for the society and the nation as a whole \hyperref[b27]{(Momen \& Baniamin, 2010)}.\par
On the other hand, in the last few decades, many commercial and financial outrages have drawn the public attention particularly the duties of the responsible persons of the community. So, morality has been considered as the key factor in the business arena as for planned policy making. Otherwise, it will lead to financial loss, and the reputation of the company may affect negatively. Immoral performance of the companies was highly accountable for the current financial disasters \hyperref[b48]{(Sedmak \& Nastav, 2010)}.\par
The reputation of a nation to a great extent depends on its educated and talented citizens. In other words, the products or services offered by an organization, especially a university is the prime to reflect the quality of its future products, the students on which the nation has been looking to.\par
In current ages, many reputed business enterprises like Tyco, WorldCom, Enron, and Hewlett-Packard are blamed to be involved in immoral business practices. These indecencies appear to be increased day by day and need to be addressed immediately. Academic institutions are not free from these types of unethical practices, too \hyperref[b44]{(Raguz \& Matic, 2015)}.\par
It is reported that 50\% of fresh teachers in the USA are resigning from their jobs before being served T An Exploration of Unethical Behavior Attitude of Tertiary Level Students of Bangladesh Abstract-In this competitive world highly skilled manpower is considered to play key role in developing a nation. On the other hand, highly educated people are blamed for recent business and financial scandals. Moreover, studies established that pupils who deceive in their student life are found to be engaged in immoral workplace conduct. The Student today is the future leader of the country. Hence, the combination of quality with morality is emphasized in the universities of in many developed counties like the USA, China, and moral education is being imparted at all stages of academic organizations and training centers from kindergarten to national academia. Therefore, the goal of the research is to explore the origins of the unethical behavior of University students of Bangladesh and recommend the means to improve the situation.\par
for five years  {\ref (Lambert \& McCarthy, 2006)}. It is also affirmed that nearly 25\% of them are leaving their jobs due to students' misconduct or immoral behavior \hyperref[b19]{(Ingersoll, 2003)}. Therefore, it will not be shocking if academics relate students' unethical behavior to teacher emotional exhaustion \hyperref[b1]{(Abel \& Sewell, 1999;} {\ref Betoret, 2009;}\hyperref[b16]{Gelman, 2008;}\hyperref[b23]{Kokkinos, 2007)}. Several studies endorse the Josephson (2012) report that almost 50\% students confess to a certain forms of unfair means in the examinations. As per the Report Card of American Youth conducted by the Institute of Josephson in 2012, more than 50\% students over 23,000 admitted to adopt unfair means in the examinations in the previous year. Cheating in the tests spoils the fundamental purpose of the educational institute, misrepresents the reliability of grades awarded to the students as a level of subject knowledge. This grade may not speak about the factual aptitude of the student. \hyperref[b14]{(Fendler \& Godbey, 2016)}.\par
It is inscribed in the main entrance of the University of South Africa that it is not necessary to attack by missiles or nuclear weapons to destroy a nation, rather allow the students of the nation to cheat in the exam.\par
According to Anitsal and Elmore (2009), involvement with duplicitous behavior in student life may guide him to immoral conduct at the workplace. In consultation with the above literature, the author found no such prior research investigating this topic in Bangladesh, which is urgently felt now. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
Systematic data collecting and analyzing process have been followed in this investigation. It is stated by \hyperref[b59]{Tranfield, Denyer, and Smart (2003)}  
\section[{that the a) Review Method}]{that the a) Review Method}\par
The Web of Science and Scopus databases are considered as the main sources for articles. The study used three terms, students' unethical behavior-tertiary level education, and unethical workplace behavior as keywords to explore research articles. On the mentioned databases, articles are categorized into many kinds. The study chooses two categories Educational Research, and Ethics where articles were searched from these two disciplines only.\par
Asian countries are not free from this extensive cheating incidence like as Taiwan. As per the study of 2,068 college students of Taiwan cheating rate was reported 61.7 \% \hyperref[b26]{(Lin \& Wen, 2007)}. It is important to comment that unethical academic behavior misleads the main purpose of the educational institutes to impart and create knowledge, damages the honesty in awarding proper grading method, and weakens total societal justice \hyperref[b63]{(Whitley \& Keith-Spiegel, 2002)}.\par
As per previous studies, students who violate school regulations during their student life are found to be involved in immoral workplace activities \hyperref[b17]{(Harding et al., 2004;}\hyperref[b37]{Nonis \& Swift, 2001)}. Hence it may be treated as rounded crisis. Felton and Sims (2005, p.377) have identified that past commerce students have remained at the ''focus of the corporate outrages of the previous years''.  {\ref Weisul and Merritt (2002, p.8)} have emphasized addressing the youths of the country "morality should be inculcated to the mind of the young society, transform them as the asset and strength of the country rather than the criminals of the future''.\par
objective of the literature review is to determine the gap in the prevailing literature. According to  {\ref Seuring and Muller (2008)}, the literature review categorizes existing literature on the basis of the main points. Saunders (2011) opined that perfect review process of literature should initiate with ascertaining suitable keywords by which researchers finds their necessary articles from the databases. As Scopus and Web of Science database were considered as dependable and representative by the former researchers  {\ref (Fahimnia,}  Therefore, both databases were selected for the study.\par
This study followed two well established theories to describe the ethical behavior attitude of the university students: these are Kohlberg's Theory on Moral Development \hyperref[b24]{(Kohlberg, 1976}) and of Planned Behavior Theory \hyperref[b2]{(Ajzen, 1991)}. This article aims to find out the prime causes of the unethical behavior of the tertiary level of students in Bangladesh and to recommend possible solutions to overcome the situation. The following questions are addressed in this study: What are the causes of unethical behavior of tertiary level students? Is there relation between students unethical behavior and unethical workplace behavior? Articles are then taken out under the disciplines, which contain unethical behavior, tertiary level students, and unethical workplace behavior terms. Altogether only 65 articles were found on the Web of Science database. Nevertheless, after going through all articles, 54 are chosen for systematic review and the remaining 11 articles were not studied for their unsuitability. To catch additional articles, Scopus databases also explored and found additional 5 articles. Finally, 59 research articles were selected for this study.\par
On the basis of methodologies, research articles are classified into qualitative, quantitative, conceptual, and mixed-mode categories. Conceptual articles emphases basically on theory development. It does not present and analyzes data to test a theory \hyperref[b69]{(Yadav, 2010)}. 
\section[{III.}]{III.}\par
eview of iterature 
\section[{R L}]{R L}\par
The very term 'ethics' develops after the Greek term 'ethos' sense 'character' or 'tradition'. Ethics can a) Ethical and unethical behavior \hyperref[b4]{Aquino and} {\ref Reed (2002: 1424)} termed moral character as "a self-conception organized around a set of moral traits." They listed nine moral character themes (supportive, honest, caring, diligent, compassionate, kind, just, sociable, and generous) followed by a sequence of messages.\par
Prophet of Islam Mohammad (saw) says: "You cannot treat people by means of your wealth; hence, you should treat them by means of your moral conduct" (Al-Bukhari, Al-Muslim). "You should restrain yourself from doing wrong to people because it (serves as) charity which you bestow upon yourself" (Al-Bukhari and Al-Muslim). "Do not belittle any good deed, even meeting your brother with a cheerful face" (Muslim). "Every good deed is a charity" (Al-Bukhari).\par
Almighty Allah (swt) says "You are the best of the nations raised for (the benefit of) men; you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in God, and if the followers of the Book had believed it would have been better for them; of them (some) are believers and most of them are transgressors." (The Holy Quran: 3:110) Prophet Mohammad (saw) says "Give up what is doubtful to you for that which is not doubtful; for truth is peace of mind and falsehood is doubt". (At-Tirmidhi). ?.... 'Hazrat Abd Allah Ibn 'Amr stated, "There are four characteristics that, if you possess them, will prevent you from being affected if you are deprived of certain worldly benefits. They are good character, chaste outlook, honesty, and trustworthiness." (A-Bukhari) How a person treats his action and conduct, whether moral or immoral and the degree of measurement of the behavior is the ethical judgment as explained by \hyperref[b52]{(Sparks and Pan, 2010)}. Consequently, the ethical decision governs the behavior and way of enactment of a person. 
\section[{b) Foundation of behavior (ethical/unethical)}]{b) Foundation of behavior (ethical/unethical)}\par
Learning is a continuous process. Man does not learn from the womb of his/her mother. From boyhood, he is very much curious. He follows, observes his surroundings. As per Kohlberg Moral Development Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and existing literature, human being learn ethics from the following sources: i. Parents and family ii. Society iii. Teachers and educational institutions iv. Religious institutions (mosque, madrasha, temple, church, etc.) v. Friends (clubs, social network) and vi. Media (Electronic, social, and print) vii. Course content c) Higher Education in Bangladesh: The Present Scenario Since liberation in 1971, the education system of Bangladesh has experienced many amendments''  {\ref (Middlehurst \& Woodfield, 2004:3)}. Its education system is three-tiered and highly subsidized. There are four levels and stages in the education structure of Bangladesh; levels are primary, secondary, higher secondary, and tertiary education level education. Educational instructions are termed as school, college, madrasha and University. Islamic religious education is imparted in the madras has. There are public and private educational institutions at all levels of education. A proper expected educational environment does not prevail in Bangladesh. Universities of Bangladesh are not running as per University Act, all public universities 
\section[{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}]{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}\par
Volume XX Issue XVII Version I Year 2020 ( ) A © 2020 Global Journals be designated formally as "the discipline dealing with what is good and bad concerning moral duty and obligation" Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2015). Ethics may be outlined as "the interpretation of moral philosophies or principles that govern whether activities are correct or incorrect, and consequences are decent or corrupt \hyperref[b32]{(McShane \& Glinow, 2008)}.\par
Ethics may also be defined as "a set of principles and standards by which one's actions are judged as right or wrong, honest or dishonest, fair or not fair" \hyperref[b45]{(Ryan \& Bisson, 2011;} {\ref Weygandt et al., 2003, p. 8 )}. Desplaces, Beauvais, Melchar, and Bosco (2007) stated that appropriate moral teaching can motivate the aptitude of a person to take essential moral decisions in their workplace.\par
Numerous components lead and guide a university student towards practicing academic ethics. The following are the few elements of many which affect in the conduct of the university student; this area; institutional values, personal inclinations and concepts of ethics, outer factors, and pressure of associates \hyperref[b50]{(Saini, 2012)}.\par
The conduct of a person is the manifestation of his ethical belief. It speaks about the individual's way of dealings with others. The conduct of a person is well biased by societal culture and standard, family rules and norms, religion, peer-pressure, and surroundings \hyperref[b49]{(Sauser, 2005)}.\par
Arens et al. (  {\ref 2008}) stated that morality works as a paste to retain the society under the same umbrella and thus, every member of the society is ethically benefitted. Therefore, society should take the responsibility to promote value and ethics to the young generation of the community who will be future professionals. Lying, fabricating, and deceiving are the root of all sorts of immoral behavior \hyperref[b36]{(Nga \& Lum, 2013}).  
\section[{ii. Cheating in the examination}]{ii. Cheating in the examination}\par
The Daily Dinkal (18/02/17), The Daily Prothom Alo, sub editorial (24/05/2014) reported that a mere higher grade or GPA would not play any role in the educational development of the country until cheating in the exam is not strictly controlled. 
\section[{v. Complain about the teachers of the Public}]{v. Complain about the teachers of the Public}\par
University Teachers Keeping aside their prime academic responsibilities and research, teachers of public universities are involved in politics for their material gains. As per report of The Daily Naya Diganta (14/10/2014), The Daily Prothom Alo on 25/04/2014, Prof. Abdul Mannan, Chairman of UGC, said that teachers were not found in the class room now. There is a serious lack of accountability of the University teachers. Therefore, students are deprived of proper education and guidance. Hence, the total education system is damaging day by day. 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Corruption}]{Corruption}\par
Bangladesh is a developing country. University and higher education institutions are growing day by day. The rate of education is also increasing noticeably.\par
Unfortunately, Bangladesh is in the low-ranked positioned in the list of countries of corruption by the world community. The score of Bangladesh was 26 out of 100 and positioned 14 th from the lowermost and ranked 146 th from the uppermost among 180 countries in the world as per report of Transparency International's (TI), 2019. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) revealed in its graft perception index at a meet the press session in Dhaka held in January 23, 2020. While Bangladesh scored a meager 26, was positioned in 13th in 2018 from the bottom, down from 17th in 2017.Therefore, it is proved that higher education does not play any noteworthy role in resisting corruption in Bangladesh. 
\section[{a) Causes of poor ethical practice in Bangladesh}]{a) Causes of poor ethical practice in Bangladesh}\par
As we talked, intentions of immoral behavior are lured by hedonism and selfishness. It has become a burning question for Bangladesh. As far as ethical behavior concern, we are far behind from the expected level. Following reasons may be cited for the crisis: i.\par
Moral behavior is given less importance at family level. Money making or career building is considered as the main objective of their children. ii.\par
Value free society or poor ethical practice in society. iii. Ethics free education. iv. Selfishness. v.\par
Poor practice of religious rules. vi. Following trends of the life style of developed countries, 
\section[{b) Types of unethical behavior of University Students}]{b) Types of unethical behavior of University Students}\par
University students repeatedly violate the ethical codes of the institutions. To define violation of academic decency, the words 'academic corruption,' 'academic dishonesty,' and academic misconduct' are used alternately, 'dishonesty' denotes an intangible thought where 'cheating' and 'misconduct' denotes behavior. On the other hand, 'academic cheating' is usually used for tests and unethical behaviors are termed 'academic misconduct' \hyperref[b31]{(McCrink, 2010)}.\par
Violation of university rules refers to undesirable activities listed by the institutions, such as unlawful use of academic belongings and misbehavior with teachers (Zopiatis \& Krambia-Kapardis, 2008).\par
West et al. (  {\ref 2004}) claimed that cheating is responsible for abuse and harm many rules and customs but most importantly, justice. By cheating, a student enjoys unjustified benefit over his classmates that he does not deserve and it happens mainly for selfcenteredness, and attainment inspiration. \hyperref[b51]{Siegfried (2004)} opined that the propensity of students to (a) dishonesty, (b) violation of school regulation, (c) copy software or use of computer in an unlawful way, indicates that they are concerned with their benefit and are motivated by self-centeredness.\par
Among different types of academic corruption, cheating on examinations is considered as a severe and  
\section[{iv. Recruitment of teachers on political consideration}]{iv. Recruitment of teachers on political consideration}\par
The Daily Prothom Alo (06/07/13), The Daily Naya Diganta (18/04/2014), The Daily Dinkal \& The Daily Ittefaq (18/02/17) cited that teachers are recruited in the universities of Bangladesh with political consideration. They blamed that less qualified teachers were recruited on political consideration. But corruption is not decreasing in Bangladesh.\par
Plagiarism is recognized to cover a big percentage of academic misbehavior. Recently a study was done by the alumni of higher education about their perception on cheating, 19 dishonest conducts were explored, the utmost common practices were itemized as letting other students to copy, duplicating from existing works, repeating articles, and copying (Plagiarism) \hyperref[b68]{(Yardley et al., 2009)}.\par
The persistent problem of copying and plagiarism are named under many terms like-wise: \hyperref[b42]{Paulhus et al. (2005)} stated that academic cheating has become simple and stress-free now. One can have the required information and text from the computers within micro second by using the internet. Therefore, misuse of computers and the internet can also be treated as unethical behavior. 
\section[{c) Reasons behind adopting unethical means by students}]{c) Reasons behind adopting unethical means by students}\par
Jones (2011) attempted to explore the causes behind students' involvement in academic corruption. His study established that 92\% of the learners are involved in academic cheating for attaining better results. Other causes are being occupied in supplementary works, not having enough time to finish homework or coursework for exams; more importantly academic cheating is not considered as a big fault since the maximum student is committing it, and lastly, friends' pressure. fraud, faulty quotation, patent encroachment, literary burglary, borrowing, cheating, copying, and pilfering \hyperref[b33]{(Marsh, 2007)}. Irrespective of the difference of term, name, and grade, cheating is illegal and prohibited. Hence, there is no choice to educational institutions to admit it \hyperref[b14]{(Fendler \& Godbey, 2016}). 
\section[{Violations of School Regulations}]{Violations of School Regulations}\par
It appears that involvement with immoral works, and these conducts are accomplished knowingly as accustomed culture in their everyday life. These conducts may be considered as usual in the days to come \hyperref[b7]{(Baack et al., 2000;}\hyperref[b8]{Bernardi et al., 2004 a, b)}. So, immense importance should be given to detect these immoral practices without wasting time, and needed strategy and program have to be proposed to limit and control them 
\section[{Different}]{Different}\par
variables, mostly neutralizing approaches and extraneous motivation, are grounds for more dishonest and cheating behavior. Information on others' acts of dishonesty and misconduct plays the vital role in enhanced violation of individuals' integrity \hyperref[b46]{(Rettinger \& Kramer 2009)}.\par
Students really do not know what is plagiarism and the difference between academic and normal writing. The cause behind plagiarism may be the witlessness and lack of knowledge about academic writing \hyperref[b12]{(Devlin \& Gray, 2007;}\hyperref[b20]{Iyer, \& Eastman, 2006;}\hyperref[b39]{Park, 2003)}. Academic cheating may spread in educational institutions like an epidemic as it is hardly barred and penalized. 
\section[{V. Conclusion and Policy Implication}]{V. Conclusion and Policy Implication}\par
As stated by Williams et at., (2014), like the universities of UAE, an honor code needs to be introduced. Every student, teacher, and staff member has to sign to the bond. It is obligatory for everybody to follow the honor code. If students fail to comply with the signed rules will have to face penal action like punishment or expulsion from the university.\par
In line with Ma, McCabe, \& Liu (2013), knowledge of ethical and unethical behaviors should be imparted to the students first. Then the consequences for several types of unethical academic behaviors should be declared openly, and it is applied regularly. Finally, communication of academic Integrity guidelines needs to be emphasized to all students and inspiring teachers to contribute in teaching academic integrity.\par
In riposte to emerging trends of ethics, the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA, 2005) primarily recommended three topics to address ethics related issues (i.e., principal of ethics, business ethics, and ethics course for accounting). Reflecting on previous studies ethic course has a significant impact on ethical behavior. \hyperref[b10]{Conroy and Emerson (2004)} and \hyperref[b5]{Albaum and Peterson (2006)} established by their survey that religiosity is meaningfully interrelated with moral understandings. Religious students were found to behave more rationally and ethically.\par
Above all, students have a great impact on teachers' attitudes and behavior in their life. Teachers are the role model, guides, and philosophers for the students. Therefore, teachers should also be concerned about dishonesty and well-mannered and behaved in their personal life. The role of faculty members is high in making students familiar with the prime purpose of education and academic decency. Faculty members have to motivate and guide the students to uphold the defined academic behavior as well as the make conscious of the disadvantages and penalties of unanticipated actions.\par
Even though, it is not that much easy to resolve the issue, a planned means and technique should be set-up to refrain the students form this academic corruption, teachers of the institutions, researchers, guardians, and elites of the societies should shoulder the responsibility and consider it as a burning issue of the country. Faculty members' liability is to make aware students about the consequence of it. Awareness development programs needs to be developed by the researchers. University administration has to introduce ethics courses as university requirement courses apart from the compulsory core courses.   
\section[{4.}]{4.}\par
When there is less possibility of being accused and are hardly priced for their academic misdeeds, students are motivated to choose this dishonest behavior \hyperref[b9]{(Bennett, 2005;}\hyperref[b41]{Pickard, 2005;}\hyperref[b56]{Selwyn, 2008;}\hyperref[b57]{Sileo \& Sileo 2008;}\hyperref[b53]{Stephens et al., 2007;}\hyperref[b67]{Walker, 2010)}. \hyperref[b42]{Paulhus et al., (2005)} paid credits to computers and the internet for students' inclination in cheating as anybody can have required information and writings within a moment with the help of the internet. The internet has now become surpassingly modern mode of copying \hyperref[b34]{(Milliron \& Sandoe 2008;}\hyperref[b53]{Stephens, et al., 2007)}.\par
Mosalanejad, Dehghani, and Abdolahifard (2014) specified that various philosophers and social scientists have given stress the connection between religion, morals, and technology and stated that religion could be functional to limit the adverse effect of technology.  
\section[{Apriliyanti}]{Apriliyanti}\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
teachers' recruitment, The Daily Prothom Alo\\
(28/05/2013). Many more problems are as follows:\\
i. Leak out of Question Paper\\
except Jahangirn agar University are running without\\
elected Vice-Chancellor. Many irregularities are in\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.775487012987013\textwidth}P{0.027597402597402593\textwidth}P{0.00551948051948052\textwidth}P{0.027597402597402593\textwidth}P{0.013798701298701296\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Leaking out of question paper has become a}\\
common\tabcellsep phenomenon\tabcellsep in\tabcellsep Bangladesh\tabcellsep since\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{independence (i. e, 1972) except during 2001 -2006.}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{According to the statement of The Daily Naya Diganhta}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{(23/11/2013), The Daily Dinkal (18/02/17), The Daily}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Manab Zamin (19/02/17) published reports on leaking}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{out of question paper.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
iii.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}}\end{figure}
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\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
