\documentclass[11pt,twoside]{article}\makeatletter

\IfFileExists{xcolor.sty}%
  {\RequirePackage{xcolor}}%
  {\RequirePackage{color}}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\ifxetex
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \usepackage{xunicode}
  \catcode`⃥=\active \def⃥{\textbackslash}
  \catcode`❴=\active \def❴{\{}
  \catcode`❵=\active \def❵{\}}
  \def\textJapanese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK JP}}
  \def\textChinese{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK SC}}
  \def\textKorean{\fontspec{Noto Sans CJK KR}}
  \setmonofont{DejaVu Sans Mono}
  
\else
  \IfFileExists{utf8x.def}%
   {\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
      \PrerenderUnicode{–}
    }%
   {\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}}
  \usepackage[english]{babel}
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage{float}
  \usepackage[]{ucs}
  \uc@dclc{8421}{default}{\textbackslash }
  \uc@dclc{10100}{default}{\{}
  \uc@dclc{10101}{default}{\}}
  \uc@dclc{8491}{default}{\AA{}}
  \uc@dclc{8239}{default}{\,}
  \uc@dclc{20154}{default}{ }
  \uc@dclc{10148}{default}{>}
  \def\textschwa{\rotatebox{-90}{e}}
  \def\textJapanese{}
  \def\textChinese{}
  \IfFileExists{tipa.sty}{\usepackage{tipa}}{}
\fi
\def\exampleFont{\ttfamily\small}
\DeclareTextSymbol{\textpi}{OML}{25}
\usepackage{relsize}
\RequirePackage{array}
\def\@testpach{\@chclass
 \ifnum \@lastchclass=6 \@ne \@chnum \@ne \else
  \ifnum \@lastchclass=7 5 \else
   \ifnum \@lastchclass=8 \tw@ \else
    \ifnum \@lastchclass=9 \thr@@
   \else \z@
   \ifnum \@lastchclass = 10 \else
   \edef\@nextchar{\expandafter\string\@nextchar}%
   \@chnum
   \if \@nextchar c\z@ \else
    \if \@nextchar l\@ne \else
     \if \@nextchar r\tw@ \else
   \z@ \@chclass
   \if\@nextchar |\@ne \else
    \if \@nextchar !6 \else
     \if \@nextchar @7 \else
      \if \@nextchar (8 \else
       \if \@nextchar )9 \else
  10
  \@chnum
  \if \@nextchar m\thr@@\else
   \if \@nextchar p4 \else
    \if \@nextchar b5 \else
   \z@ \@chclass \z@ \@preamerr \z@ \fi \fi \fi \fi
   \fi \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi  \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi \fi}
\gdef\arraybackslash{\let\\=\@arraycr}
\def\@textsubscript#1{{\m@th\ensuremath{_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@#1}}}}}
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\def\abbr{}
\def\corr{}
\def\expan{}
\def\gap{}
\def\orig{}
\def\reg{}
\def\ref{}
\def\sic{}
\def\persName{}\def\name{}
\def\placeName{}
\def\orgName{}
\def\textcal#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Calligraphy}#1}}
\def\textgothic#1{{\fontspec{Lucida Blackletter}#1}}
\def\textlarge#1{{\large #1}}
\def\textoverbar#1{\ensuremath{\overline{#1}}}
\def\textquoted#1{‘#1’}
\def\textsmall#1{{\small #1}}
\def\textsubscript#1{\@textsubscript{\selectfont#1}}
\def\textxi{\ensuremath{\xi}}
\def\titlem{\itshape}
\newenvironment{biblfree}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{bibl}{}{}
\newenvironment{byline}{\vskip6pt\itshape\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{citbibl}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docAuthor}{\ifvmode\vskip4pt\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont\fi\itshape}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docDate}{}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docImprint}{\vskip 6pt}{\ifvmode\par\fi }
\newenvironment{docTitle}{\vskip6pt\bfseries\fontsize{22pt}{25pt}\selectfont}{\par }
\newenvironment{msHead}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{msItem}{\vskip 6pt}{\par}
\newenvironment{rubric}{}{}
\newenvironment{titlePart}{}{\par }

\newcolumntype{L}[1]{){\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{){\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{R}[1]{){\raggedleft\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{P}[1]{){\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{B}[1]{){\arraybackslash}b{#1}}
\newcolumntype{M}[1]{){\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\definecolor{label}{gray}{0.75}
\def\unusedattribute#1{\sout{\textcolor{label}{#1}}}
\DeclareRobustCommand*{\xref}{\hyper@normalise\xref@}
\def\xref@#1#2{\hyper@linkurl{#2}{#1}}
\begingroup
\catcode`\_=\active
\gdef_#1{\ensuremath{\sb{\mathrm{#1}}}}
\endgroup
\mathcode`\_=\string"8000
\catcode`\_=12\relax

\usepackage[a4paper,twoside,lmargin=1in,rmargin=1in,tmargin=1in,bmargin=1in,marginparwidth=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage{framed}

\definecolor{shadecolor}{gray}{0.95}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{marginnote}

\renewcommand{\@cite}[1]{#1}


\renewcommand*{\marginfont}{\itshape\footnotesize}

\def\Gin@extensions{.pdf,.png,.jpg,.mps,.tif}

  \pagestyle{fancy}

\usepackage[pdftitle={No Room for Micromanagement in the 21st Century},
 pdfauthor={}]{hyperref}
\hyperbaseurl{}

	 \paperwidth210mm
	 \paperheight297mm
              
\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\def\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\clubpenalty=8000
\emergencystretch 3em
\hbadness=4000
\hyphenpenalty=400
\pretolerance=750
\tolerance=2000
\vbadness=4000
\widowpenalty=10000

\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex \@plus -0.5ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
     {-1.75ex\@plus -0.5ex \@minus- .2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\Large}}
\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
     {-1.5ex\@plus -0.35ex \@minus -.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\large}}
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
     {-1ex \@plus-0.35ex \@minus -0.2ex}%
     {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize}}
\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
     {1.5ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
     {-1em}%
     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}


\def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}
 \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup
 \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth 
 \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth 
 \bfseries \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
 \endgroup}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
\@ifundefined{c@section}{\newcounter{section}}{}
\@ifundefined{c@chapter}{\newcounter{chapter}}{}
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\def\chaptername{Chapter}
\def\frontmatter{%
  \pagenumbering{roman}
  \def\thechapter{\@roman\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\roman{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@roman\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\roman{section}}
  \def\@chapapp{}%
}
\def\mainmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \def\thechapter{\@arabic\c@chapter}
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \pagenumbering{arabic}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{6}
  \def\@chapapp{\chaptername}%
  \def\theHchapter{\arabic{chapter}}
  \def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section}
  \def\theHsection{\arabic{section}}
}
\def\backmatter{%
  \cleardoublepage
  \setcounter{chapter}{0}
  \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
  \def\@chapapp{\appendixname}%
  \def\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}
  \def\theHchapter{\Alph{chapter}}
  \appendix
}
\newenvironment{bibitemlist}[1]{%
   \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
       {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
        \leftmargin\labelwidth
        \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
        \@openbib@code
        \usecounter{enumiv}%
        \let\p@enumiv\@empty
        \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}%
	}%
  \sloppy
  \clubpenalty4000
  \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
  \widowpenalty4000%
  \sfcode`\.\@m}%
  {\def\@noitemerr
    {\@latex@warning{Empty `bibitemlist' environment}}%
    \endlist}

\def\tableofcontents{\section*{\contentsname}\@starttoc{toc}}
\parskip0pt
\parindent1em
\def\Panel#1#2#3#4{\multicolumn{#3}{){\columncolor{#2}}#4}{#1}}
\newenvironment{reflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\itshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{sansreflist}{%
  \begin{raggedright}\begin{list}{}
  {%
   \setlength{\topsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\rightmargin}{0.25in}%
   \setlength{\itemindent}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}%
   \setlength{\parsep}{2pt}%
   \def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}%
  }
  {\end{list}\end{raggedright}}
\newenvironment{specHead}[2]%
 {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}%
  \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}%

  \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}%
  \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}%
  }{}
      \def\TheFullDate{2020-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2020)}
\def\TheID{\makeatother }
\def\TheDate{2020-01-15}
\title{No Room for Micromanagement in the 21st Century}
\author{}\makeatletter 
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{%
  \clearpage
    \if@twoside
    \ifodd\c@page
      \hbox{}\newpage
      \if@twocolumn
        \hbox{}\newpage
      \fi
    \fi
  \fi
}
\makeatother
\makeatletter
\thispagestyle{empty}
\markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author}
\renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
               \itemsep 1pt}
}
\makeatother
\fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm}
\fancyhf{} 
\setlength{\headheight}{14pt}
\fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} 
\fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} 
\fancyfoot[RO]{}
\fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID}
\fancyfoot[LE]{}
\fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage}
\fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID}
\hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}}

\date{}
\usepackage{authblk}

\providecommand{\keywords}[1]
{
\footnotesize
  \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1
}

\usepackage{graphicx,xcolor}
\definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81}
\definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9}
\definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70}
\definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} 

\renewenvironment{abstract}{%
   \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
   \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space}
}{%   
   \vskip8pt
   \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}}
   \vskip16pt
}

\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}

\makeatother 
      \usepackage{lineno}
      \linenumbers
      
\begin{document}

             \author[1]{Dr. Michael  Castro}

             \affil[1]{  Castro Holdings, Inc.}

\renewcommand\Authands{ and }

\date{\small \em Received: 15 December 2019 Accepted: 1 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
        


The purpose of this paper was to provide all individuals within leadership roles with an enriched comprehension about micromanagement and the negative effects it possesses on subordinates. This objective was fulfilled by the researcher conducting investigations on numerous articles and studies conducted by other specialist in the field of supervision and management. The researcher also incorporated past experiences that were exhibited in past organizations pertaining to staff being micromanaged by different personnel in leadership roles

\end{abstract}


\keywords{micromanagement, negative effects, millennials}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark}
\end{textblock*}

\begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) 
\textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}}
\end{textblock*}


\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 \par
No Room for Micromanagement in the 21st Century\par
Michael Castro, D.B.A.\par
Abstract-The purpose of this paper was to provide all individuals within leadership roles with an enriched comprehension about micromanagement and the negative effects it possesses on subordinates. This objective was fulfilled by the researcher conducting investigations on numerous articles and studies conducted by other specialist in the field of supervision and management. The researcher also incorporated past experiences that were exhibited in past organizations pertaining to staff being micromanaged by different personnel in leadership roles.\par
Keywords: micromanagement, negative effects, millennials. 
\section[{I.}]{I.}\par
Indicators That an Individual is a Micromanager\par
? The superior is not satisfied with the deliverables of the staff. ? The superior feels frustrated most of the time for the reason that they would have utilized a different approach to fulfill the task. Millennials grew up around technology and have a different mindset compared to their predecessors (Generation X, Baby Boomers). They are considered to be technological-savvy and multitasking is a norm for these young adults. 
\section[{III. Effective Approaches on Managing Millennials}]{III. Effective Approaches on Managing Millennials}\par
Tulgan (2009) reported that if managed correctly, millennials will be the most productive workforce the U.S. has ever had (p. 4). The following are different approaches that can be utilized by superiors when managing the millennial group. 
\section[{a) Creating a Desirable Working Environment}]{a) Creating a Desirable Working Environment}\par
In order to retain and keep employee moral high at the workplace, creating a desirable working environment is vital. Generation Y seeks a new working environment in contrast to their predecessors who accepted the archetypical working environment \hyperref[b3]{(Cahill \& Sedrak, 2012)}. 
\section[{b) Improving Recognition Programs}]{b) Improving Recognition Programs}\par
Continuous feedback on performance are different techniques that the millennial group has adapted to in order to stay on track during changes within an organization. \hyperref[b8]{Suleman \& Nelson (2011)} explained that providing feedback and praising serve as a reinforcement and a corrective mechanism tool. 
\section[{c) Assigning work that has a Purpose}]{c) Assigning work that has a Purpose}\par
In order to obtain trust from this group, superiors should assign tasks that have significant meaning towards the organization. Millennials seek to complete tasks that have significant meaning in which ndividuals that micromanage their staff do not realize that they are utilizing this particular approach. These individuals primarily focused on attention to detail, verifying that the day-to-day tasks are being completed accordingly. However, they tend to go over board while supervising and managing these employees. The following are some different signals that indicated if an individual is micromanaging their staff as per Wilkins (2014): I Millennials or Generation Y occupy about 36\% of the workforce and is constantly growing. It is estimated that by 2020, Millennials will occupy about 46\%-50\% of the workforce compared to the other older generations: (Generation X, Baby Boomers) as per \hyperref[b6]{Jackson (2016)}. Millennials are made up of roughly 80 Millennials pride themselves in constantly leaning, personal development and overall growth. This population is micromanaged, it results in loss of productivity and disengagement (Bielaszka-DuVernay (2007); Romero, 2012). When micromanaging takes place, this group becomes discouraged and begin to start losing interest in their job. This is due to the fact that they feel that they have no ownership within the process of the work being assigned to them and their superior is the one that does  {\ref (Romero, 2012, p.8)}.\par
When group is categorized as independent learners. contributes to the overall mission and vision of the organization \hyperref[b5]{(Hewlett, et al., 2009)}. 
\section[{d) Incorporating Sophisticated Methods To Communicate}]{d) Incorporating Sophisticated Methods To Communicate}\par
When a member of this group sends a message to their superior, they expect a response immediately after as per \hyperref[b4]{Cekada (2012)}. Most times, they value the rate of response rather than the accuracy behind it. Superiors should practice on their turnaround time when providing a response to this group. Utilizing other means of communication can also be beneficial such as instant messaging, blogging, texting, and emails  {\ref (Cekada, 2012, p. 42)}.\par
IV. 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
Managing employees can be a difficult task at times however; it is the responsibility of that superior to understand which management style or styles will be most effective with the staff. Millennials are a group that have opposite views and were raised differently from past generations. Individuals in leadership roles need to focus on understanding how to properly deal with these differences, in order to support the organizations mission/vision as well as keeping these employees satisfied. As a result, managers will become aware of the generational differences within the workplace and understand how to adjust management techniques in order to achieve positive results with this generation of employees. 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
\bibitem[Balda and Mora ()]{b0}\label{b0} 	 		‘Adapting leadership theory and practice for the networked, Millennial generation’.  		 			J B Balda 		,  		 			F Mora 		.  	 	 		\textit{Journal of Leadership Studies}  		2011. 5  (3)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Hewlett et al. ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		‘How Gen Y \& Boomers will reshape your agenda’.  		 			S A Hewlett 		,  		 			L Sherbin 		,  		 			K Sumberg 		.  	 	 		\textit{Harvard Business Review}  		2009. 87  (7/8)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Cahill and Sedrak ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		‘Leading Multigenerational Workforce: Strategies for Attracting and Retaining Millennials’.  		 			T F Cahill 		,  		 			M Sedrak 		.  	 	 		\textit{Frontiers of Health Services Management}  		2012. 29  (1)  p. .  	 
\bibitem[Brack and Kelly ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		\textit{Maximizing Millennials in the Workplace. North Carolina: UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School},  		 			J Brack 		,  		 			K Kelly 		.  		 \url{https://www.kenan-flagler.unc.edu/executive-development/custom-programs/\textasciitilde /media/files/documents/executive-development/maximizing-millennials-in-the-workplace.pdf}  		2012.  	 
\bibitem[Bielaszka-Du and Vernay ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		‘Micromanage at your peril’.  		 			Bielaszka-Du 		,  		 			C Vernay 		.  	 	 		\textit{Harvard Management Update}  		2007. 12  (2)  p. 3.  	 
\bibitem[Suleman and Nelson ()]{b8}\label{b8} 	 		\textit{Motivating the Millennials: Tapping into the potential of the youngest generation},  		 			R Suleman 		,  		 			B Nelson 		.  		2011. 2011. Leader to Leader. p. .  	 
\bibitem[Wilkins ()]{b9}\label{b9} 	 		‘Signs That You're a Micromanager’.  		 			M M Wilkins 		.  		 \url{https://hbr.org/2014/11/signs-that-youre-a-micromanager}  	 	 		\textit{Harvard Business Review},  				2014.  	 
\bibitem[Romero ()]{b7}\label{b7} 	 		‘Stop micromanaging: It isn't the same as attention to detail’.  		 			E J Romero 		.  	 	 		\textit{Sales \& Service Excellence}  		2012. 12  (9) .  	 
\bibitem[Jackson (2016)]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		\textit{Three Principles of the 21st Century Workplace. SHRM Society for Human Resource Management},  		 			H G Jackson 		.  		 \url{https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hrmagazine/0716/pages/three-principles-of-the-21st-centuryworkplace.aspx}  		2016. July 1.  	 
\bibitem[Cekada ()]{b4}\label{b4} 	 		‘Training a multigenerational workforce’.  		 			T L Cekada 		.  	 	 		\textit{Professional Safety}  		2012. 57  (3)  p. .  	 
\end{bibitemlist}
 			 		 	 
\end{document}
