@incollection{,
	
					
					
					156246F1F4FDDBA6A4E95A52FF680FD7
				,
	author={{Malang B.S.Bojang} and {Lamin B.Ceesay}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}20133342
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Governance in Arab countries: Status and challenges}}
		,
	author={{
			AlAthmay
		} and {
			Alaa-AldinAbdul
		} and {
			RA
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Global journal of business research}}
		
			7
			5
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{A legal Guide for Business on Employment in Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic}}
		,
	author={{
			AmieBensouda
		} and {
			&Co
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-government usability for older adults}}
		,
	author={{
			SABecker
		}}
		10.1145/1042091.1042127
	
	
		,
	journal={{Communications of the ACM}}
		
			48
			2
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges and successes of e-Government development in developing countries: A theoretical review of the literature. International journal of research and innovation in social science. iii(iv)}}
		,
	author={{
			MB SBojang
		}}
		
			,
	year={2019. April 2019|issn}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Information Rights: Trust and Human Dignity in e-Government}}
		,
	author={{
			TCarbo
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Review of Information Ethics}}
		
			7
			9
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{The utilization of e-Government services: Citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors}}
		,
	author={{
			LCarter
		} and {
			FBélanger
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Info systems}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={2005}
			,
	publisher={Blackwell publishing ltd}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{Diffusion of innovation & citizen adoption of e-Government}}
		,
	author={{
			LCarter
		} and {
			FBélanger
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{The fifth international conference on electronic commerce (icecr-5)}}
				Pittsburgh, pa
		
			,
	year={2003}
			
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Impact of Digital Media Advertising on Consumer Behavioral Intention towards Fashion and Luxury Brands : Case of the Gambia}}
		,
	author={{
			LBCeesay
		} and {
			LSanyang
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2018}
			8
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Chango
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Challenges ito ie-Government iin iAfrica isouth iof isahara: iA icritical view, iand iprovisional inotes ifor ia iresearch iagenda". iPresented iat ithe iinternational iconference on ielectronic igovernance, iorganized iby ithe icenter ifor ielectronic igovernance iof ithe iUnited Nations}}
		
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government strategies in developed and developing countries: An implementation framework and case study}}
		,
	author={{
			YNChen
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of global information management}}
		
			14
			1
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	
	,
	note={copyright, idea group inc}

}

@book{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{the e-transformation journey of Singapore}}
		,
	author={{
			JChua
		}}
		
			,
	year={2012}
			,
	publisher={springer}
			,
	address={New York}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strategic Alliances as Treatment for COVID-19 and Beyond}}
		,
	author={{
			TCojoianu
		} and {
			AHaney
		} and {
			AMeiring
		}}
		
		
		10.2139/ssrn.3616444
	
	
		,
	journal={{SSRN Electronic Journal}}
		
			20
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-government in practice: An analysis of web site orientation to the citizens in Spanish municipalities}}
		,
	author={{
			JICriado
		} and {
			MCRamilo
		}}
		
		10.1108/09513550310472320
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Public Sector Management}}
		
			16
			3
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Failure of e-Government in Developing Countries: A Literature Review}}
		,
	author={{
			DDada
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries}}
		
			26
			7
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Fake News and COVID-19: Modelling the Predictors of Fake News Sharing Among Social Media Users}}
		,
	author={{
			ODestiny Apuke
		} and {
			BOmar
		}}
		
		10.1016/j.tele.2020.101475
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Telematics and Informatics}}
		
			101475
			,
	year={2020. July}
			,
	publisher={Elsevier}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			CElías
		} and {
			DCatalan-Matamoros
		}}
		
		10.17645/mac.v8i2.3217
		,
	title={{Coronavirus in Spain: Fear of "Official" Fake News Boosts WhatsApp and Alternative Sources', Media and Communication}}
				
			,
	year={2020}
			8
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government: Evolving relationship of citizens and government, domestic, and international development}}
		,
	author={{
			DEvans
		} and {
			DCYen
		}}
		
		10.1016/j.giq.2005.11.004
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government information quarterly}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pandemic influenza: Public health preparedness for the next global health emergency}}
		,
	author={{
			LOGostin
		}}
		10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb01962.x
	
	
		,
	journal={{Medicine and Ethics}}
		
			32
			4
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	
	,
	note={Journal of Law}

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Most e-Government-for-Development Projects Fail: How can risks be reduced?}}
		,
	author={{
			RHeeks
		}}
		
			,
	year={2003}
		
	
	,
	note={igovernment working paper series, paper no. 14}

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Understanding e-Government project trajectories from an actornetwork perspective}}
		,
	author={{
			RHeeks
		} and {
			CStan Forth
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European journal of information systems}}
		
			6
			2
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Centre for development informatics institute for development policy and management, sed. university of Manchester. the igovernment working paper series}}
		,
	author={{
			RHeeks
		} and {
			RSantos
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2009}
		
	
	,
	note={Institute for development policy and management university of Manchester. the igovernment working paper series. paper no. 13}

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Question Concerning Technology}}
		,
	author={{
			MHeidegger
		}}
		
			,
	year={1978}
			
			,
	address={London}
		
	
	,
	note={in basic writings, Rout ledge}

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{How small businesses are coping with the impact of}}
		,
	author={{
			SHoorens
		} and {
			LHocking
		} and {
			CFays
		}}
		
		
		COVID-19
		
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{An empirical investigation of the adoption of e-Government in Australian citizens: Some unexpected research findings}}
		,
	author={{
			WHuang
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of computer information systems}}
		
			43
			1
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Determinants of user acceptance of the e-Government services: The case of online tax filing and payment system}}
		,
	author={{
			SYHung
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government information quarterly}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{i"e-Government i-iThe icase iof iThe Gambia}}
		,
	author={{
			Islam
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Presentation imade iat ithe iWorld iSummit ion iinformation isociety, iGeneva 2003-Tunis, i2005 retrieved iMay i6, i2018}}
				
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Division for Public Administration and Development Management}}
		,
	author={{
			RKim
		}}
		
			,
	year={2012}
		
	
	,
	note={Institutions and e-Government development: Trends and issues}

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Current practices of leading E-government countries}}
		,
	author={{
			SMLee
		} and {
			XTan
		} and {
			STrimi
		}}
		
		
		10.1145/1089107.1089112
	
	
		,
	journal={{Communications of the ACM}}
		
			48
			10
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Government-Sponsored Fake News Worsens Epidemics of Respiratory Infections Including the Coronavirus: Global Survey}}
		,
	author={{
			TLin
		}}
		
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Lin
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Assessing icitizen iadoption iof ie-Government iinitiatives iin iGambia: iA validation iof ithe itechnology iacceptance imodel iin iinformation isystems success}}
		
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	
	,
	note={iGovernment information iquarterly, ivol:28, ipp}

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government divide: Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			SMMutula
		}}
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{information ethics for Africa: cross-cutting themes. Pretoria: Aceie}}
				
			,
	year={2013}
			
		
	

}

@book{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Gambia COVID-19 PLAN}}
		,
	author={{
			Moh
		}}
		
			,
	year={2020a}
		
	

}

@book{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Gambia Covid-19 situation Report #120, Ministry of Health (MoH)}}
		,
	author={{
			Moh
		}}
		
			,
	year={2020b}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review}}
		,
	author={{
			MNicola
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Journal of Surgery}}
		
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
		
			,
	year={April}
			,
	publisher={Elsevier}
			78
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government for Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges}}
		,
	author={{
			VNdou
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries}}
		
			26
			1
			
			,
	year={2004}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Challenges to the Successful Implementation of e-Government Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review}}
		,
	author={{
			QNkohkwo
		} and {
			SMIslam
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Journal of e-Government}}
		
			11
			2
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Governance: An imperative for sustainable grass root development in Nigeria}}
		,
	author={{
			JSOjo
		}}
		doi: 10.5897/ jpapr2013.0264
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal}}
		
			6
			4
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-Government and E-Governance: Definitions/Domain Framework and Status around the World}}
		,
	author={{
			SC JPalvia
		} and {
			SSSharma
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Foundations of E-government}}
				
			,
	publisher={Computer Society of India}
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{E-Government Capabilities and Crisis Management : Lessons From Combating SARS in Singapore}}
		,
	author={{
			SLPan
		} and {
			GPan
		} and {
			PRDevadoss
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{MIS Quarterly Executive}}
		
			4
			4
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Building citizen trust through e-government}}
		,
	author={{
			MParent
		} and {
			CAVandebeek
		} and {
			ACGemino
		}}
		
		
		10.1016/j.giq.2005.10.001
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government Information Quarterly}}
		
			22
			4
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Critical Supply Shortages-the Need for Ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic}}
		,
	author={{
			MLRanney
		} and {
			VGriffeth
		} and {
			AKJha
		}}
		
		
		10.1056/NEJMp2009027
	
	
		,
	journal={{New England Journal of Medicine}}
		
			41
			1
			
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{An analysis of African e-Government service websites}}
		,
	author={{
			ARorissa
		} and {
			DDemissie
		}}
		
		10.1016/j.giq.2009.12.003
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government information quarterly}}
		
			27
			
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	publisher={Elsevier inc}
		
	
	,
	note={0740-624x/$}

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Nonprofit-Business Alliance Model: Formation and Outcomes}}
		,
	author={{
			SSamu
		} and {
			WWWymerJr
		}}
		
		10.1300/J054v09n01
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing}}
		
			5142
			
			,
	year={2001. 2001}
		
	

}

@book{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Research methods for business students}}
		,
	author={{
			MSaunders
		} and {
			PLewis
		} and {
			AThornhill
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2009}
			,
	publisher={Pearson Education Limited}
			,
	address={Harlow, Essex CM20 2JE, England}
		
	
	,
	note={5th Editio. Edinburgh Gate}

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government in developing countries: Experiences from Sub-Saharan Africa}}
		,
	author={{
			TSchuppan
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government information quarterly}}
		
			26
			1
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	
	,
	note={from implementation to adoption: Challenges to successful e-Government diffusion}

}

@book{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Public-Private-People Partnerships (4P) for Improving the Response to COVID-19 in Iran', Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness}}
		,
	author={{
			HSeddighi
		}}
		10.1017/dmp.2020.202
		
			,
	year={2020}
			
		
	

}

@book{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evaluating the developmental impact of e-Governance initiatives: An exploratory framework. The electronic journal on information systems in developing countries}}
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	author={{
			MShirin
		}}
		
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	year={2004}
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}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on an unfolding crisis}}
		,
	author={{
			ASpinelli
		} and {
			GPellino
		}}
		
		10.1002/bjs.11627
	
	
		,
	journal={{British Journal of Surgery}}
		
			107
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			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Encouraging Citizen Adoption of e-Government by Building Trust}}
		,
	author={{
			MWarkentin
		}}
		10.1080/101967802320245929
	
	
		,
	journal={{Electronic Markets}}
		
			12
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{WHO (2020a) COVID 19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)}}
		
	

}

@book{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{WHO (2020b) Novel Coronavirus, World Health Organization (WHO)}}
		
		
	
	,
	note={Available at}

}

@book{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{WHO (2020c) Novel Coronavirus, World Health Organization (WHO)}}
		
		
	
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	note={Available at}

}

@book{b53,
	
	
		10.1213/xaa.0000000000001218
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	title={{WHO (2020d) Novel Coronavirus, Situation Report -205}}
				
	

}

@book{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{WHO (2020e) Responding to community spread of COVID-19, Interim Guidance}}
		
			,
	year={7 March}
		
	

}

@book{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Designing Case Studies, Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods}}
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	author={{
			RKYin
		}}
		
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{e-Government research: Reviewing the literature, limitations, and ways forward}}
		,
	author={{
			MYildiz
		}}
		10.1016/j.giq.2007.01.002
	
	
		,
	journal={{Government information quarterly}}
		
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			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}