@incollection{, E3A14D204787B3B44063FAB40D448477 , author={{Nana KuindjaRodrigue} and {Université de Ngaoundéré - Cameroun}}, journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}}, journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR, address={Cambridge, United States}, publisher={Global Journals Organisation}2034155 } @incollection{b0, , title={{Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth}} , author={{ DAcemoglu } and { SJohnson } and { RobinsonJ A }} , booktitle={{P. Aghion and S. Durlauf Handbook of Economic Growth Amsterdam}} North-Holland , year={2005} 87 } @incollection{b1, , title={{Institutional Causes Macroe economic Symptoms: Volatility, Crises and Growth}} , author={{ DAcemoglu } and { SJohnson } and { JARobinson } and { YThaicharoen }} , journal={{Journal of Money Monetary Economics}} 50 , year={2003} } @book{b2, , title={{« Le Risque Systémique dans la Finance Libéralisée », Revue d'Économie Financière}} , author={{ MAglietta }} , year={2013} 70 } @incollection{b3, , title={{Are financial development and corruption control substitutes in promoting growth?}} , author={{ ChristianAhlin } and { JiarenP }} , journal={{Journal of Development Economics}} 86 2 , year={2007} } @incollection{b4, , title={{Développement Financier}} , author={{ JPAllegret } and { SAzabbi }} , journal={{Paneconomicus}} 5 , year={2012} Croissance de Long Terme et Effets de Seuil } @incollection{b5, , title={{Corporate governance of Japanese banks}} , author={{ CWAnderson } and { TLCampbell }} , journal={{Journal of Corporate Governance}} 10 , year={2004} } @incollection{b6, , title={{Financial Liberalisation, Financial Development and Economic Growth in LDC's}} , author={{ TAnderson } and { FEt Tarp }} , journal={{Journal of International Development}} 15 2 , year={2003} } @incollection{b7, , title={{Banking, regulation and the output cost of banking crises}} , author={{ A PAngkinand }} , journal={{Journal of International Markets, Institutions and Money}} , year={2007. December} } @incollection{b8, , title={{Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations}} , author={{ MArellano } and { SBond }} , journal={{Review of Economic Studies}} 58 , year={1991} } @incollection{b9, , title={{Another Look at the Instrumental -Variable Estimation of Error Components Models}} , author={{ MArellano } and { OBover }} , journal={{Journal of Econometrics}} 68 , year={1995} } @book{b10, , title={{« Réglementation et Évolution de l'Intermédiation Bancaire au Cameroun}} , author={{ DAvom }} , year={2004} , address={CEREG, Yaoundé} } @incollection{b11, , title={{« Réglementation de l'Industrie Bancaire et Exclusion Financière dans la CEMAC}} , author={{ DAvom } and { AEt Bobbo }} , journal={{Afrique Contemporaine}} , year={2018. 2018/2, n° 266} } @book{b12, , author={{ DAvom } and { SMEt Eyeffa }} , title={{Quinze ans de restructuration bancaire dans la CEMAC : qu'avonsnous appris ? », Revue d'Économie Financière}} , year={2007} 37 } @book{b13, , author={{ DAvom } and { REt Nana Kuindja }} , title={{« Les Barrières à l'Entrée Expliquent-elles le Comportement des Banques dans la CEMAC ? », Revue d'Économie Financière}} , year={2017} 127 } @incollection{b14, , title={{« Rapport du Gouverneur de la Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale, à la Conférence des Chefs d'Etat}} , journal={{BEAC}} , year={2019. 2019} Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale, Union Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale , note={Yaoundé les 21 et 22 Novembre} } @incollection{b15, , title={{Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models}} , author={{ RBlundell } and { SBond }} , journal={{Journal of Econometrics}} 87 , year={1998} } @book{b16, , author={{ ABobbo }} , title={{Régime de Change et Cyclicité Budgétaire dans les Pays Africains », L'Actualité Économique}} , year={2016} 92 } @incollection{b17, , title={{International and Domestic Collateral Constraints in Model of Emerging Market Crisis}} , author={{ RCaballero } and { AKrishnamurthy }} , journal={{Journal of Monetary Economics}} 5 , year={2002} } @incollection{b18, , title={{The Cyclical Nature of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa}} , author={{ CCalderón } and { HNguyen }} , journal={{Journal of African Economies}} , year={2016} } @incollection{b19, , title={{Macroeconomic Policies and Performance in Latin America}} , author={{ CCalderón } and { KSchmidt-Hebbel }} , journal={{Journal of International Monetary and Finance}} 22 , year={2003} } @book{b20, , title={{The Role of Credibility in the Cyclical Properties of Macroeconomic Policies in Emerging Economies}} , author={{ CCalderón } and { RDuncan } and { KSchmidt-Hebbel }} , year={2003} 237 , address={Central Bank of Chile} } @book{b21, , title={{Institutions and Cyclical Properties of Macroeconomic Policies" Central Bank of Chile, Working Papers}} , author={{ CCalderón } and { RDuncan } and { KSchmidt-Hebbel }} , year={2004} 285 } @incollection{b22, , title={{Do Good Institutions Promote Counter-Cyclical Macroeconomic Policies?}} , author={{ CCalderón } and { RDuncan } and { KSchmidt-Hebbel }} , booktitle={{Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Working Paper}} , year={2016} 118 } @incollection{b23, , title={{Governance and bank Evaluation}} , author={{ GCaprio } and { LLaeven } and { RLevine }} , booktitle={{World Bank Policy Research}} , year={2004. February 2004} 3202 } @incollection{b24, , title={{Governance and bank Evaluation}} , author={{ GCaprio } and { LLaeven } and { RLevine }} , journal={{Journal of Financial Intermediation}} 16 , year={2007. October 2007} } @book{b25, , author={{ CarmenMReinhart & Kenneth } and { SRogoff }} , title={{This Time is Different: Eight-Centuries of Financial Folly}} Princeton, NJ , publisher={Princeton University Press} , year={2009. June 2009} } @incollection{b26, , title={{« Cyclical Fiscal Policy in Africa}} , author={{ FCarmignani }} , journal={{Journal of Policy Modelling}} 32 , year={2010} } @book{b27, , title={{Corporate Governance Theories: From Micro Theories to National Systems Theories; Centre de recherche en finance, architecture et gouvernance des organisations, Décembre}} , author={{ GCharreaux }} , year={2004} } @incollection{b28, , title={{Monetary Policy in Emerging Market Economies: What Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis?}} , author={{ BCoulibaly }} , booktitle={{Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System)}} Washington , year={2012} 39 } @incollection{b29, , author={{ Dabla-Norris EMinoiu } and { CEt Zanna } and { LF }} , booktitle={{« Business Cycle Fluctuations, Large Macroeconomic Shocks, and Development Aid}} , year={2015} 69 } @book{b30, , title={{Monnaie, Système Financier et Théorie Monétaire}} , author={{ MDe Mourgues }} , year={1988} , address={Paris} , note={3 e Edition} } @incollection{b31, , author={{ UDemirel }} , booktitle={{Macroeconomic Stabilization in Developing Economies: Are Optimal Policies Procyclical? »}} , year={2010} 54 } @incollection{b32, , title={{«Tortuous Road toward Countercyclical Fiscal Policy: Lessons from Democratized Sub-Saharan Africa}} , author={{ ODiallo }} , journal={{Journal of Policy Modelling}} 31 , year={2009} } @incollection{b33, , title={{« Monetary-Fiscal Policy Interactions and the Commitment versus Discretion in a Monetary Union}} , author={{ ADixit } and { LEt Lambertini }} , journal={{European Economic Review}} 45 , year={2001} } @incollection{b34, , title={{}} , author={{ CDouglass } and { North }} , journal={{Journal of Economics Perspectives}} 5 , year={1991} , note={Institutions} } @incollection{b35, , title={{Institutional Quality, the Cyclicality of Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Volatility}} , author={{ RDuncan }} , journal={{Journal of Macroeconomics}} 39 , year={2014} } @book{b36, , author={{ BEichengreen } and { NEt Dincer }} , title={{Central Bank Transparency: Causes, Consequences and Updates}} , year={2009. September 2009} 14791 , note={NBER Working Paper} } @incollection{b37, , title={{« Do Monetary Handcuffs Restrain Leviathan? Fiscal Policy in Extreme Exchange Rate Regimes}} , author={{ AFatas } and { AEt Rose }} , journal={{IMF Staff Papers}} 47 , year={2001} } @incollection{b38, , title={{« How do Debt Constraints Affect Fiscal and Monetary Policies Interaction in a Strategic Monetary Union?}} , author={{ PForesti }} , journal={{Journal of Game Theory}} 2 2 , year={2013} } @incollection{b39, , author={{ JFrankel } and { CVégh } and { GEt Vuletin }} , booktitle={{« on Graduation from Fiscal Procyclicality »}} , year={2013} 100 } @incollection{b40, , title={{Fiscal Policy and Monetary Integration in Europe}} , author={{ JGal } and { RPerotti }} , journal={{Journal of Economic Policy}} 18 , year={2003} } @book{b41, , title={{Qualité des Institutions et Résultats Économiques}} , author={{ HaliE }} , year={2003} , note={Inspiré du Chapitre III des} } @incollection{b42, , title={{Monetary Policy in the 2008-2009 Recession}} , author={{ RLHetzel }} , booktitle={{Economic, Quaterly}} , year={2009} 95 } @incollection{b43, , title={{The Evolution of Institutions: an Agenda for Future Research}} , author={{ G-MHodgson }} , journal={{Constitutional Political Economy}} 113 , year={2002} } @incollection{b44, , title={{Estimating Vector Auto regressions with Panel Data}} , author={{ DHoltz-Eakin } and { WNewey } and { HSRosen }} , journal={{Econometrica}} 56 6 , year={1988} } @incollection{b45, , title={{Monetary Policies for Developing Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality}} , author={{ HHuang } and { SWei }} , journal={{Journal of International Economic}} 70 , year={2006} } @book{b46, , title={{Exchange Rate Arrangements Entering the 21st Century: Which Anchor Will Hold?}} , author={{ EIlzetzki } and { CReinhart } and { KRogoff }} , year={2016. May 13} , note={Background Material} } @incollection{b47, , title={{When It Rains, It Pours: Procyclical Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Policies}} , author={{ GLKaminsky } and { CMReinhart } and { CAVegh }} , booktitle={{NBER Macroeconomics Annual}} , editor={ MGertler & KRogoff } Cambridge, Massachusetts , year={2005. 2004} 19 } @incollection{b48, , title={{« Govenance Matters III: Govenance Indicators for}} , author={{ DKaufman } and { AKraay } and { MEt Mastruzzi }} , journal={{Banque Mondiale, World Bank Policy Research}} 2772 , year={2003. 1996-2002} , note={Working Paper} } @incollection{b49, , title={{« Optimal Fiscal Policy and Different Degrees of Access to International Capital Markets}} , author={{ KKuralbayeva }} , journal={{Journal of Development Economics}} 103 , year={2013} } @incollection{b50, , title={{« The Cyclical Behaviour of Fiscal Policy: Evidence from the OECD »}} , author={{ PLane }} , journal={{Journal of Public Economics}} 87 , year={2003} } @incollection{b51, , title={{Business Cycles and Macroeconomic Policy in Emerging Market Economies}} , author={{ PRLane }} , journal={{International Finance}} 6 , year={2003} } @book{b52, , author={{ RLardeux }} , title={{Le Rôle des Banques Centrales Après la Crise}} , year={2013} 172 , note={Les Idées Économiques et Sociales} } @incollection{b53, , title={{« Classifying Exchange Rate Regimes: Deeds vs}} , author={{ ELevy-Yeyati } and { FEt Sturzenegger }} , journal={{European Economic Review}} 49 , year={2005} } @book{b54, , title={{« Cyclical Patterns of Government Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Facts and Factors}} , author={{ VLledó } and { IEt Gadenne } and { L }} WP/09/274 , year={2009} } @book{b55, , author={{ DMcgettigan } and { Moriyama } and { NNtsama } and { FPainchaud } and { HQu } and { HSteinberg }} , title={{Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets : Taming the Cycle}} , year={2013} , note={IMF Working Paper, n° 96} } @incollection{b56, , title={{Institutions and Pro-cyclicality of Fiscal policy in Subsaharan Africa}} , author={{ Mondjeli }} , booktitle={{Economic perspectives de l'Economie mondiale du FMI d'avril}} , year={2017. 2003} } @incollection{b57, , title={{The Modern History of Exchange Rate Arrangements: A Reinterpretation}} , author={{ CReinhart } and { KRogoff }} , journal={{The Quarterly Journal of Economics}} 119 , year={2004} } @incollection{b58, , title={{Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development}} , author={{ DRodrik } and { ASubramanian } and { FTrebbi }} , booktitle={{NBER Working Papers}} , year={2002} 9305 } @incollection{b59, , title={{Macroeconomic Policies and Business Cycle: The Role of Institutions in Selected SAARC Countries}} , author={{ KSSabir } and { Zahid }} 51:4 , journal={{The Pakistan Development Review}} , editor={4 Part II} 51 , year={2012. Winter 2012} } @incollection{b60, , title={{Interest Rate Smoothing and Optimal Monetary Policy: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence}} , author={{ BSack } and { VWieland }} , journal={{Journal of Business and Economics}} 52 , year={2007} } @incollection{b61, , title={{« Explaining Procyclical Fiscal Policy in African Countries}} , author={{ JThorton }} , journal={{Journal of African Economies}} 17 3 , year={2008} } @incollection{b62, , title={{The Taylor Rule and Optimal Monetary Policy}} , journal={{American Economic Review}} 91 2 , year={2017. 2016. 2001} , note={Berlin Woodford M.} } @incollection{b63, , title={{Financial Integration and Cyclicity Monetary Policy in Small Open Economies}} , author={{ YYakhin }} , journal={{Monaster Center for Economic Research}} , year={2008} , note={Discussion Paper; n° 2} } @incollection{b64, , title={{Classifying Exchange Rate Regimes: Deeds vs. Words}} , author={{ LYeyati } and { FSturzenegger }} , journal={{European Economic Review}} 49 , year={2005} } @book{b65, , title={{}} , author={{ Annexe }} } @book{b66, , title={{}} , author={{ AngolaAlgérie } and { Bénin } and { BurkinaBotswana } and { Faso } and { Burundi } and { CaptCameroun } and { Vert } and { Côte D'ivoire } and { Djibouti } and { Érythrée } and { Éthiopie } and { Gabon } and { Gambie } and { Ghana } and { GuinéeGuinée } and { Équatoriale }} , address={Guinée-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritanie, Île Maurice, Maroc, Mozambique, Namibie, Niger, Nigéria; Congo, République du Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tome et Principe, Sénégal, Seychelles, Sierra-Leone, Soudan, Swaziland, Tanzanie, Tchad, Togo, Tunisie, Ouganda, Zambie, Zimbabwé} Liste des pays d l'Afrique Subsaharienne de l'échantillon Afrique du Sud , note={République arabe d'Égypte, République Démocratique du} }