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\title{Non-Performing Loans Portfolio in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh and Recovery Status: A Study on Rangpur Region}
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             \author[1]{Mst. Nishrat  Zaman}

             \affil[1]{  Begum Rokeya University}

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\date{\small \em Received: 8 December 2019 Accepted: 4 January 2020 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Non-performing loan (NPL) is the recent burning issue and great challenge for the banking sector. Banks play very important role for economic enhancement of a country. They provide funds to the deficit units for business, production & development activities. But when banks fail to recover loan, then it becomes to non-performing loan. In Bangladesh, state owned commercial banks (SOCBs) are the worst and private commercial banks are lest sufferers from non-performing loan. This paper tries to represent the non-performing loan status of banks operating in seven districts under Rangpur division. This study is descriptive and based on secondary sources. The aim of this paper is to present the non-performing loan scenario and recovery status of the mentioned area and to provide recommendations for mitigating non-performing loan in Rangpur region.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{non-performing loan (NPL), economic enhancement, state owned commercial banks (SOCBs), }

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
on-performing loans refer to those loans from which banks no longer receive interest and/or installment payments as scheduled. It is a loan for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue for a period of time. A NPL is either in default or close to being default. A loan is non-performing when payments of interest and principal are past due by 90 days or more, or at least 90 days of interest payments have been capitalized, refinanced or delayed by agreement, or payments are less than 90 days overdue, but there are other good reasons to doubt that payments will be made in full  {\ref (IMF 2005)}.NPLs are known as Non-performing because the loan ceases to "perform" or generate income for the bank. \hyperref[b9]{Choudhury (2002)} stated that the non-performing loan is not a "uniclass" but rather a "multiclass" concept, which means that NPLs can be classified into different varieties usually based on the "length of overdue" of the said loans. NPLs can be viewed as a typical byproduct of financial crisis. They are not a main product of the lending function but rather an accidental occurrence of the lending process, one that has enormous potential to deepen the severity and duration of financial crisis and to complicate macroeconomic management  {\ref (Woo,2000)}.\par
The performance of the financial sector of our country heavily depends on the performance of banks. It is known to all that the entire non-performing loans shrink the profitability of banks. NPL don't contribute to the income of the banks, rather these loans decrease the loan able fund of the banks. NPL also stops the recycling banking business.\par
A poor banking system can't help the economic development of a country. Despite massive injection of loans to the national economy, the contribution of financial sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remained at dismal level. This laden loan contributes to GDP by unhealthy and inefficient financial situation. Non-professional handling of assets both by SOCBs and PCBs was reported as the main reasons for the accumulation of loan default problem in Bangladesh \hyperref[b4]{(Alam and Jahan, 1999)}.\par
Bangladesh Bank (BB) as a central regulatory authority of banks in Bangladesh plays important role in monitoring and supervision by providing guidelines, circulars and circular letters time to time. BB provides circular on single borrower exposure limit, syndicate financing, bridge financing etc. Now banks are not permitted to approve large loans in favor of any individual or group of borrowers in excess of 50 percent of their total capital. Loans, which have been classified as bad/loss for 5 years or more that must be written off by the banks in order to clean the defaulted loan from their affairs. Hundred percentage provisions have been kept against that write off loan. 
\section[{II.}]{II.}\par
Literature Review \hyperref[b7]{Banik and Das (2015)} concluded that though percentage of classified loan is increasing among commercial banks, the amount of POCL is higher in state -owned commercial banks than that of private commercial banks.  {\ref Islam (2012)}, in a study on Bangladesh House Building Finance Corporation found that 97.6 percent of the variability in the volume of classified loans can be explained by total advances, provisions, legal charges and spread. The variable legal charge was found to be statistically insignificant. Parvin (2011) stated that NPLs in Bangladesh reveals that the banking sector of Bangladesh is yet to get out of its NPL mess, although substantial improvement has been noticed recently. \hyperref[b0]{Adhikary (2006)} found immediate consequence of large amount of NPLs in the banking system is bank failure as well as economic slowdown. The causes of non-performing loans are usually attributed to the lack of effective monitoring and supervision on the part of banks, lack of effective lenders' recourse, weakness of legal infrastructure, and lack of effective debt recovery strategies.\par
Ezaz (2006) revealed their study that the loan default is quite enormous in the banking sector. They analyzed the issues governing the recovery rate and procedure with respect to Islamic Banking while comparing with the conventional baking principles amongst NCBs, PCBs and ICB.  {\ref Hou (2001)} argued that there is no global standard to define non-performing loans at the practical level variations exist in terms of the classification system, the scope, and contents. Such problem potentially adds to disorder and uncertainty in the NPL issues. Non-performing loans have non-linear negative effect on banks' lending behavior.\par
Afroz \& Uddin (2010) found in their empirical study that from the views of employees of the banks those steps taken to prevent loan classification and provisioning requirements are not sufficient; due to lack of persuasion the rate of willful defaulters is high. \hyperref[b13]{Hassan \& Reza (1997)} prepared a study on comparison of commercial Banks of Bangladesh in respect to several dimension of deposit, they identified, in 1983 PCBs were allowed to start the banking activities for the betterment than the services of NCBs. \hyperref[b20]{Moti et al. (2012)} conducted a study on credit management and found that a key requirement for effective credit management is the ability to intelligently and efficiently manage customer credit lines. \hyperref[b30]{Sikder et al. (2006)} studied on the operational performance of the Bangladesh Krishi Bank and evaluated in terms of some indicators viz. deposit mobilization, loan disbursement, loan recovery and profit and found that the operational performance of the bank is very poor due to some lending procedural drawbacks reaching the profit target fixed by the authority concerned.\par
Lots of researches have been made on nonperforming loan. Researchers identified some variables which are related to non-performing loan. Research on comparative study between SOCBs and PCBs are made as well. In this paper researcher will try to highlight NP Lsscenario of banks operating seven districts of Rangpur division. The present paper has given attention more to select Rangpur division because lots of research has been conducted but exclusively for Rangpur division yet no research has been done. For availability of data seven districts of Rangpur has been chosen. The study tries to show the present status through a descriptive analysis relating to NPLs of the selected area. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Objectives of the Study}]{Objectives of the Study}\par
The major objective of this study is to represent the overall scenario of total loan disbursement, NPLs\& recovery status of banks in the seven districts of Rangpur region. This study also attempts to achieve the following specific objectives:  
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
This paper has been made based on secondary sources like research works of individuals, different publications, journal of different institutions, Bangladesh Bank survey etc. Forty one commercial banks both from state owned and private have been selected purposively from the seven districts of Rangpur division except Gaibandha district to represent the NPLs and their recovery system.\par
V. 
\section[{Discussion, Analysis and Findings}]{Discussion, Analysis and Findings}\par
Rangpur, a district of northern region, has economic value for its contribution to the development of Bangladesh by supplying valuable resources. There are approximately 41 banks operating in Rangpur division. Most of the banks do have several branches. The data used here are consolidated data of the bank branches of those 41 banks. Here data are categorized in various ways and a discussion has been given after the data is captured in a table. In terms of NPL, RAKUB is at the top position whereas Sonali and Rupali Bank is at the second and third position. RAKUB's NPL amount is 64356.67lac, Sonali Bank's NPL amount is 24541.00 lac and Rupali Bank has 14114.99lac taka. But percentage of NPL in terms of total loan disbursement, BDBL is at the top position whereas Bangladesh Commerce bank (BCB) is at the second and BASIC Bank is at the third position. 
\section[{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}]{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}\par
Volume XX Issue I Version I Year 2020 ( ) C BDBL, BCB and Basic bank's classified loan is almost 73.40\%, 59.45\% and 51.42\% respectively.\par
In the above table, few banks have no NPL because they newly operating in Rangpur division. They newly disburse loan to the clients. For being NPL, time is most important factor.    Status of law-suit of Banks (in lac taka) Table  {\ref 4}: 
\section[{Number Number Number}]{Number Number Number}\par
Table  {\ref 4} depicts the law-suit status of banks for recovery of defaulted loan from their defaulted borrower, how many suits are settled and how many new suit made and what is the claim amount of those suit. Banks made suit against their default borrower for recovering classified loan. Different types of suits can be made under different laws and act like certificate suit and orthor in suit. As per the categories of the loan banks made different suits. Banks made lots of suits for recovering their defaulted loan except BCB, Premier, One, Meghna, NRB, First Security, Union and South Bangla Agriculture \& Commerce bank. At the end of the second quarter in2017, RAKUB has 8774 suits which is highest in number among all of the banks and its claim amount is 10518.73 lac taka. RAKUB gives a large number of agricultural loans to the farmers. The size of this loan is very small. For recovery of those loans RAKUB made a large number of suits. From the above table it is clear that state owned commercial banks have large number of suit compare to the private commercial banks. But by the few suits private commercial banks claim huge amount of taka. Private commercial banks loan portfolio is smaller in number than state owned commercial banks but they financed more than SOCBs. That's why when PCBs loans become classified and they suit a file against them the claim amount is very high. Table \hyperref[tab_6]{5} represents the amount of total loan disbursement, NPL of those banks who have NPL more than 10\%.At the end of the second quarter of 2017, 15 banks have NPL more than 10\% of their total loan outstanding. BDBL has the maximum NPL which was 73.40\% and Dhaka Bank has the minimum NPL which was10.65\%. RAKUB has the highest amount of NPL and Premier Bank has the lowest amount of NPL. Table \hyperref[tab_7]{6} represents the amount of total loan disbursement, NPL of those banks have NPL less than 10\%. At the end of the second quarter in 2017, 26 banks have classified loan less than 10\%. Southeast Bank has the maximum NPL which was 9.77\%. Few banks newly started their operation in Rangpur division that's why they don't have any NPL like Meghna Bank, NRB commercial Bank, First security Islami Bank, Union Bank and South Bangla Agriculture \& commerce bank. RAKUB has the highest amount of NPL and Premier Bank has the lowest amount of NPL. Sonali Bank is at the top in terms of amount of NPL which was 24541. 00 lac taka. Table \hyperref[tab_8]{7} provides the scenario of the top ten defaulters at the end of June 2017.The highest amount of NPLis given by Basic Bank Ltd. to its top ten borrowers which is Taka. 10232.16 lac and 95.12\% and lowest amount given by Karmosangsthan Bank which is Taka. 69.99 lac and 6.39\%.\par
Figures in Table \hyperref[tab_8]{7} expose the figures of total loan disbursement of banks, amount of classified loan among those disbursements and how much taka is centralized to the top ten defaulters of the banks. It appears that the highest amount of classified loan is given by Sonali Bank Ltd. which is Taka.5943lac and lowest amount is from One bank Ltd. which is Taka.5.07 lac. The highest percentage of credit hold by top ten borrowers of the banks is 100\%, that means those banks all classified loan is concentrated to only ten borrowers. Bangladesh Commerce Bank, Premier Bank, AB Bank, One Bank and Social Is lami Bank have 100\% credit to their ten borrowers. The classified loan is highest 100\% and lowest is 24.21\% respectively. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Findings}]{Findings}\par
Major findings are given below:\par
? NPL is very high in SOCBs rather than PCBs in Rangpur region (  
\section[{Recommendations}]{Recommendations}\par
Banks play vital role in the economy of Bangladesh. Non-performing loan and other obstacles face by banks create barrier to making profit. From this study it was found that t reasons behind non-performing loans are pressure from political parties, poor monitoring \& controlling system of SOCBs, improper management, concentration on a particular area, improper sanctioning, lack of timely action, delay in disbursement of credit, unwillingness of borrowers etc. On the basis of these problems some recommendations are given by the researcher for mitigating nonperforming loan to the commercial banks operating in Rangpur region. Those are given below: So SOCBs also gives special focus to all credit like PCBs and try to reduce huge number of credit line.\par
? For huge number of credits, default cases also in huge in number compared to PCBs. For recovery of those default credits, SOCBs file large number of law-suit but their volume is lower than PCBs. It is very much difficult to operate those law-suit and most of the cases it is not viable. ? Large loan default case is much higher in PCBs than SOCBs. This happens when PCBs managers try to catch a big fish. For fulfilling their yearly target in loan disbursement and profit earnings, they gives loan in higher amount to the another banks customers. Here an unhealthy competition has grown as lots of PCBs newly started but new entrepreneurs are not grown. PCBs should avoid this unhealthy competition and try to find out more reliable entrepreneurs. They should invest in versatile business such as small and cottage industries. 
\section[{VIII.}]{VIII.} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
As a small country, Bangladesh already has 57 scheduled banks. There are many non-scheduled banks and financial institutions also operated their businesses. Rangpur, a new division, does not have massive industrialization for its geographic location. Although few new industries has been established but not in large number. In these circumstances, new entrepreneurs are not commencing to start a large scale business. Recently new number of commercial banks have been started their business to disburse big-volume-loan in the study area and searching those kinds of enterprises for lending. Therefore, unhealthy competition begins among the managers of PCBs rather than SOCBs as they required to fulfill their yearly targets. Banks should be more cautious in selecting entrepreneurs by scrutinize the previous history and ability. Banks business mostly depends on the smooth recovery of the loan. SOCBs are in deep water by NPL by losing their capital. A very few number of banks NPL are more than 50\%. This is alarming for the bank industry. Government tries to keep running banks by injecting fund every year. If PCBs face this problem severely, the situation may be worsening. Necessary precaution, real time solution and sufficient guidelines should be taken for make over the situation. Bangladesh bank can play a vital role in mitigating this problem. Government should have taken positive initiative to make new industries as well as entrepreneurs in Rangpur region so that banks find new opportunities for investment. 
\section[{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}]{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}\par
Volume XX Issue I Version I Year 2020 ( ) C\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.027293577981651378\textwidth}P{0.24564220183486238\textwidth}P{0.21444954128440366\textwidth}P{0.19885321100917433\textwidth}P{0.16376146788990825\textwidth}}
S.N\tabcellsep Name of the Bank\tabcellsep Total Loan Disbursement\tabcellsep Amount of Classified loan\tabcellsep Classified loan \%\\
1\tabcellsep AB Bank\tabcellsep 37437.65\tabcellsep 503.74\tabcellsep 1.35\%\\
2\tabcellsep Agrani Bank\tabcellsep 100816.56\tabcellsep 9712.73\tabcellsep 9.63\%\\
3\tabcellsep Al-ArafahIslami Bank\tabcellsep 32837.83\tabcellsep 2622.52\tabcellsep 7.99\%\\
4\tabcellsep Bank Asia\tabcellsep 6938.02\tabcellsep 302.18\tabcellsep 4.36\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.005892547660311958\textwidth}P{0.12423454650491046\textwidth}P{0.14829578278451763\textwidth}P{0.10262853841709994\textwidth}P{0.03437319468515309\textwidth}P{0.07463893703061814\textwidth}P{0.139948006932409\textwidth}P{0.11146735990756788\textwidth}P{0.10852108607741189\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Last quarter\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Present quarter}\\
S.N\tabcellsep Name of the Bank\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{(January-March/2017) Total Loan Classified loan}\tabcellsep \%\tabcellsep Total Loan\tabcellsep (April-June/17) Classified loan\tabcellsep \%\\
1\tabcellsep Sonali\tabcellsep 262916\tabcellsep 24792\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9.43\%\tabcellsep 271558\tabcellsep 24541\tabcellsep 9.04\%\\
2\tabcellsep Agrani\tabcellsep 96285.68\tabcellsep 11088.23\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{11.52\%}\tabcellsep 100816.56\tabcellsep 9712.73\tabcellsep 9.63\%\\
3\tabcellsep IFIC\tabcellsep 24577.98\tabcellsep 1728.61\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7.03\%\tabcellsep 18210.81\tabcellsep 1062.2\tabcellsep 5.83\%\\
4\tabcellsep AB\tabcellsep 39408.79\tabcellsep 373.4\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.95\%\tabcellsep 37437.65\tabcellsep 503.74\tabcellsep 1.35\%\\
5\tabcellsep One\tabcellsep 4196.57\tabcellsep 3.46\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.08\%\tabcellsep 5038.81\tabcellsep 5.07\tabcellsep 0.10\%\\
6\tabcellsep Trust\tabcellsep 28027.32\tabcellsep 554.98\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.98\%\tabcellsep 30615.89\tabcellsep 625.56\tabcellsep 2.04\%\\
7\tabcellsep DBBL\tabcellsep 6200.94\tabcellsep 155.24\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2.50\%\tabcellsep 4877.63\tabcellsep 120.11\tabcellsep 2.46\%\\
8\tabcellsep Brac\tabcellsep 15492\tabcellsep 728.97\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4.71\%\tabcellsep 35797.6\tabcellsep 1399.75\tabcellsep 3.91\%\\
9\tabcellsep Mercantile\tabcellsep 23497.82\tabcellsep 927.68\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.95\%\tabcellsep 25385.12\tabcellsep 998.32\tabcellsep 3.93\%\\
\tabcellsep Standard\tabcellsep 31256.57\tabcellsep 1052.96\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.37\%\tabcellsep 43288.62\tabcellsep 1741.35\tabcellsep 4.02\%\\
\tabcellsep Meghna\tabcellsep 2454.74\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 4419.49\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
\tabcellsep EBL\tabcellsep 3858.65\tabcellsep 51.54\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.34\%\tabcellsep 4141.02\tabcellsep 119.26\tabcellsep 2.88\%\\
\tabcellsep Bank Asia\tabcellsep 6277\tabcellsep 278.19\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4.43\%\tabcellsep 6938.02\tabcellsep 302.18\tabcellsep 4.36\%\\
\tabcellsep Prime\tabcellsep 11992.33\tabcellsep 620.43\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5.17\%\tabcellsep 13497.95\tabcellsep 645.19\tabcellsep 4.78\%\\
\tabcellsep Uttara\tabcellsep 31043.76\tabcellsep 2709.26\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8.73\%\tabcellsep 34806.29\tabcellsep 3071.38\tabcellsep 8.82\%\\
\tabcellsep MTBL\tabcellsep 18460.56\tabcellsep 1098.09\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 5.95\%\tabcellsep 18011.7\tabcellsep 1234.33\tabcellsep 6.85\%\\
\tabcellsep NBL\tabcellsep 37088.19\tabcellsep 2799.62\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7.55\%\tabcellsep 37510.29\tabcellsep 2790.59\tabcellsep 7.44\%\\
\tabcellsep Southeast\tabcellsep 7764.01\tabcellsep 953.31\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{12.28\%}\tabcellsep 8341.34\tabcellsep 815\tabcellsep 9.77\%\\
\tabcellsep UCBL\tabcellsep 8174.65\tabcellsep 825.3\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{10.10\%}\tabcellsep 7388.01\tabcellsep 659.43\tabcellsep 8.93\%\\
\tabcellsep South Bangla\tabcellsep 4669.25\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 6256.8\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
\tabcellsep NRB Commercial\tabcellsep 1047.65\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 953.61\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
\tabcellsep Islami\tabcellsep 192430\tabcellsep 2179.7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.13\%\tabcellsep 210634.8\tabcellsep 2610\tabcellsep 1.24\%\\
\tabcellsep Al-ArafahIslami\tabcellsep 35196.39\tabcellsep 2685.22\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7.63\%\tabcellsep 32837.83\tabcellsep 2622.52\tabcellsep 7.99\%\\
\tabcellsep Social Islami\tabcellsep 16307.47\tabcellsep 243.48\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.49\%\tabcellsep 18688.25\tabcellsep 457.53\tabcellsep 2.45\%\\
\tabcellsep First Security\tabcellsep 1293.99\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 1297.6\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
\tabcellsep Union\tabcellsep 101.81\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 1051\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
\tabcellsep Janata\tabcellsep 72613\tabcellsep 9492.85\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{13.07\%}\tabcellsep 75089.48\tabcellsep 8442.53\tabcellsep 11.24\%\\
\tabcellsep Rupali\tabcellsep 59325.16\tabcellsep 12558.1\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{21.17\%}\tabcellsep 64557.62\tabcellsep 14114.99\tabcellsep 21.86\%\\
\tabcellsep RAKUB\tabcellsep 223625.51\tabcellsep 44399.06\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{19.85\%}\tabcellsep 235743.77\tabcellsep 64356.67\tabcellsep 27.30\%\\
\tabcellsep Kormoshantan\tabcellsep 8888.35\tabcellsep 1088.44\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{12.25\%}\tabcellsep 8989.54\tabcellsep 1096.14\tabcellsep 12.19\%\\
\tabcellsep Basic\tabcellsep 20841.48\tabcellsep 9598.25\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{46.05\%}\tabcellsep 20918.71\tabcellsep 10757.07\tabcellsep 51.42\%\\
\tabcellsep BDBL\tabcellsep 12905.92\tabcellsep 9125.28\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{70.71\%}\tabcellsep 12526.62\tabcellsep 9193.92\tabcellsep 73.40\%\\
\tabcellsep Jamuna\tabcellsep 23199.92\tabcellsep 2189.66\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9.44\%\tabcellsep 21106.07\tabcellsep 2984.91\tabcellsep 14.14\%\\
\tabcellsep The City\tabcellsep 17281.35\tabcellsep 1623.47\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9.39\%\tabcellsep 19662.66\tabcellsep 2817.66\tabcellsep 14.33\%\\
\tabcellsep Dhaka\tabcellsep 12539.34\tabcellsep 1529.96\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{12.20\%}\tabcellsep 13458.91\tabcellsep 1432.95\tabcellsep 10.65\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 2}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.12667009249743064\textwidth}P{0.21577595066803698\textwidth}P{0.006115107913669065\textwidth}P{0.048047276464542654\textwidth}P{0.11094552929085302\textwidth}P{0.10657759506680368\textwidth}P{0.006115107913669065\textwidth}P{0.015724563206577596\textwidth}P{0.14239465570400822\textwidth}P{0.07163412127440905\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{9}{l}{Non-Performing Loans Portfolio in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh and Recovery Status: A Study on}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Rangpur Region}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
36\tabcellsep NCC\tabcellsep 11687.1\tabcellsep 2087.66\tabcellsep 17.86\%\tabcellsep 10982.58\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{2243.66}\tabcellsep 20.43\%\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2020\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 11\\
S.N 1\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Name of the Bank Sonali Bank Ltd.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Amount of Classified loan 24541.00}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Recovery Amount 2255.00}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Recovery \% 9.19\%}\tabcellsep Volume XX Issue I Version I\\
2\tabcellsep Agrani Bank\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 9712.73\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{2443.45}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 25.16\%\tabcellsep ( ) C\\
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{IFIC Bank AB Bank One Bank Trust Bank Dutch Bangla Bank Brac Bank Mercantile Bank Standard Bank Meghna Bank Estern Bank Bank Asia Prime Bank Uttara Bank}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1062.20 503.74 5.07 625.56 120.11 1399.75 998.32 1741.35 0 119.26 302.18 645.19 3071.38\tabcellsep 86.94 0.15 0.63 11.93 1.10 55.28 46.23 51.13 0 2.84 0 4.98 88.30\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 8.18\% 0.03\% 12.43\% 1.91\% 0.92\% 3.95\% 4.63\% 2.94\% 0.00\% 2.38\% 0.00\% 0.77\% 2.87\%\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\
16\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Mutual Trust Bank}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1234.33\tabcellsep 11.41\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.92\%\\
17\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{National Bank}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2790.59\tabcellsep 41.38\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1.48\%\\
18\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Southeast Bank}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 815.00\tabcellsep 2.57\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 0.32\%\\
19\tabcellsep UCBl\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 659.43\tabcellsep 165.92\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 25.16\%\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2020 Global Journals\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
74 lac taka, which is 6. 74\% of its NPL. Agrani Bank is at\\
the second position. Agrani Bank recovers 2443. 45 lac\\
taka which is 25. 16\% of its NPL. Sonali Bank hold the\\
third position in recovering classified loan and it is 2255.\\
00 lac, which is 9.19\% of its total NPL. Highest\\
percentage of recovery done by Premier bank and it is\\
242.93 lac taka out of 335.96 lac taka. A very few\\
number of banks recover double digit percentage while\\
others recovery performance is single digit. The lowest\\
amount of recovery done by AB Bank Limited which is 0.\\
03\% of its total NPL.\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 3}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.03878326996197719\textwidth}P{0.18906844106463877\textwidth}P{0.19876425855513308\textwidth}P{0.2504752851711027\textwidth}P{0.17290874524714828\textwidth}}
S.N\tabcellsep Name of the Bank\tabcellsep Total Loan\tabcellsep Classified loan\tabcellsep \%\\
1\tabcellsep Janata\tabcellsep 75089.48\tabcellsep 8442.53\tabcellsep 11.24\%\\
2\tabcellsep Rupali\tabcellsep 64557.62\tabcellsep 14114.99\tabcellsep 21.86\%\\
3\tabcellsep RAKUB\tabcellsep 235743.77\tabcellsep 64356.67\tabcellsep 27.30\%\\
4\tabcellsep Kormoshantan\tabcellsep 8989.54\tabcellsep 1096.14\tabcellsep 12.19\%\\
5\tabcellsep Basic\tabcellsep 20918.71\tabcellsep 10757.07\tabcellsep 51.42\%\\
6\tabcellsep BDBL\tabcellsep 12526.62\tabcellsep 9193.92\tabcellsep 73.40\%\\
7\tabcellsep Jamuna\tabcellsep 21106.07\tabcellsep 2984.91\tabcellsep 14.14\%\\
8\tabcellsep The City\tabcellsep 19662.66\tabcellsep 2817.66\tabcellsep 14.33\%\\
9\tabcellsep Dhaka\tabcellsep 13458.91\tabcellsep 1432.95\tabcellsep 10.65\%\\
10\tabcellsep NCC\tabcellsep 10982.58\tabcellsep 2243.66\tabcellsep 20.43\%\\
11\tabcellsep Pubali\tabcellsep 36071.63\tabcellsep 5006.08\tabcellsep 13.88\%\\
12\tabcellsep Commerce\tabcellsep 2219.76\tabcellsep 1319.67\tabcellsep 59.45\%\\
13\tabcellsep Premier\tabcellsep 2943\tabcellsep 335.96\tabcellsep 11.42\%\\
14\tabcellsep Shahjalal Islami\tabcellsep 17310.4\tabcellsep 2537.18\tabcellsep 14.66\%\\
15\tabcellsep Exim\tabcellsep 12124.4\tabcellsep 2662.46\tabcellsep 21.96\%\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Quarterly review, BB 2017}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_6}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.033274021352313166\textwidth}P{0.1512455516014235\textwidth}P{0.36298932384341637\textwidth}P{0.1512455516014235\textwidth}P{0.1512455516014235\textwidth}}
S.N\tabcellsep Name of the Bank\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Present quarter(April-June/17) Total Loan Classified loan}\tabcellsep \%\\
1\tabcellsep Sonali\tabcellsep 271558.00\tabcellsep 24541.00\tabcellsep 9.04\%\\
2\tabcellsep Agrani\tabcellsep 100816.56\tabcellsep 9712.73\tabcellsep 9.63\%\\
3\tabcellsep IFIC\tabcellsep 18210.81\tabcellsep 1062.2\tabcellsep 5.83\%\\
4\tabcellsep AB\tabcellsep 37437.65\tabcellsep 503.74\tabcellsep 1.35\%\\
5\tabcellsep One\tabcellsep 5038.81\tabcellsep 5.07\tabcellsep 0.10\%\\
6\tabcellsep Trust\tabcellsep 30615.89\tabcellsep 625.56\tabcellsep 2.04\%\\
7\tabcellsep DBBL\tabcellsep 4877.63\tabcellsep 120.11\tabcellsep 2.46\%\\
8\tabcellsep Brac\tabcellsep 35797.6\tabcellsep 1399.75\tabcellsep 3.91\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_7}Table 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{7} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.20873893805309734\textwidth}P{0.027267699115044248\textwidth}P{0.03478982300884956\textwidth}P{0.11659292035398229\textwidth}P{0.12317477876106195\textwidth}P{0.11941371681415928\textwidth}P{0.1344579646017699\textwidth}P{0.0855641592920354\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2020\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XX Issue I Version I\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( ) C\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{S.N. Name of the Bank Total Outstanding 1 Sonali 271558.00 2 Agrani 100816.56 3 IFIC 18210.81 4 AB 37437.65 5 One 5038.81 6 Trust 30615.89 7 DBBL 4877.63 8 Brac 35797.60 9 Mercantile 25385.12 10 Standard 43288.62}\tabcellsep Total classified loan 24541.00 9712.73 1062.20 503.74 5.07 625.56 120.11 1399.75 998.32 1741.35\tabcellsep Amount in Top ten classified loan 5943.00 3454.26 907.04 503.74 5.07 449.53 48.28 412.60 543.57 882.04\tabcellsep \% (of top ten defaulter's) 2.19\% 3.43\% 4.98\% 1.35\% 0.10\% 1.47\% 0.99\% 1.15\% 2.14\% 2.04\%\tabcellsep \% (of non-performing loan) 24.22\% 35.56\% 85.39\% 100.00\% 100.00\% 71.86\% 40.20\% 29.48\% 54.45\% 50.65\%\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\
11\tabcellsep Meghna\tabcellsep 4419.49\tabcellsep 0.00\tabcellsep 0.00\tabcellsep 0.00\%\tabcellsep 0.00\%\\
12\tabcellsep EBL\tabcellsep 4141.02\tabcellsep 119.26\tabcellsep 100.05\tabcellsep 2.42\%\tabcellsep 83.89\%\\
13\tabcellsep Bank Asia\tabcellsep 6938.02\tabcellsep 302.18\tabcellsep 299.18\tabcellsep 4.31\%\tabcellsep 99.01\%\\
14\tabcellsep Prime\tabcellsep 13497.95\tabcellsep 645.19\tabcellsep 520.79\tabcellsep 3.86\%\tabcellsep 80.72\%\\
15\tabcellsep Uttara\tabcellsep 34806.29\tabcellsep 3071.38\tabcellsep 1571.85\tabcellsep 4.52\%\tabcellsep 51.18\%\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_8}Table 7 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
VII.\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_9}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
? Loan recovery is very much important for banks. If\\
banks fail to recover its credit, then banks losses its\\
assets as well as its earnings. PCBs loan recovery\\
status is much higher than SOCBs. This may\\
happen for PCBs management's responsibilities\\
levied by them. PCBs management's responsibilities\\
are much higher than SOCBs managements\\
because PCB's management jobs duration depends\\
on their performance. For that reason, PCBs\\
managements scrutinize all the steps in giving loan\\
from the beginning. It starts from proper borrower\\
selection. It reduces the chance of being defaulted.\\
Second step is Proper documentation. Proper\\
documentation is essential for loan disbursement.\\
Without proper documentation, it is not possible for\\
banks to recover loan by taking legal action. Faulty\\
documentation creates faulty credit line for banks.\\
So documentation must be needed for smooth\\
supervision and efficient lending.\\
? SOCBs given lots of credit in diversified area\\
compared to the PCBs. This high number of credit\\
makes difficulties for proper supervision and\\
monitoring.\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_10}}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2020 Global Journals} 			\footnote{Non-Performing Loans Portfolio in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh and Recovery Status: A Study on Rangpur Region} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
