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             \author[1]{Cruz Garcia  Lirios}

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\date{\small \em Received: 11 December 2019 Accepted: 31 December 2019 Published: 15 January 2020}

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\begin{abstract}
        


Roughly, occupational health has been understood as the balance of demands and organizational resources with respect to the prevention of diseases and accidents, as well as adherence to treatment and rehabilitation of convalescent workers, but in a political sense, occupational health Is a reflection of the establishment of a health agenda, the positioning and questioning of health policies, as well as the promises of political campaigns in the field. The objective of this paper was to elucidate the meanings around the categories of agenda, positioning and processualism to interpret the discourses of excluded groups.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{health, youth, old age, pension, discourse}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
he objective of this paper is to establish the relationship between the proposed Foucault devices, the intervention of Social Work and Local Development from a review of 2010 to 2019 relative to the works published in repositories of Latin America -Dialnet, Latindex and Redalyc, considering the keywords of "development", "Social Work", "device" and "intervention".\par
In this way, the present work is part of the Social Sciences division, Social Work discipline, subdiscipline of local development, but it can also be evaluated from the anthropology of power, sociology of violence or the psychology of conflict.\par
A non-experimental, documentary, crosssectional and exploratory study was carried out with a selection of indexed sources, with ISSN (International Standard Serial Number) and DOI (Digitall Object Identifier) records. The information was processed in a content analysis matrix of the academic discourse, the agenda of topics established around the key words and the framing of the discussion between the categories and the variables of "intervention" and "device". Next, a model was specified for the study of the effect of intervention devices in Local Development. Finally, its scope and limits are discussed with respect to other models specified and reported in the literature. 
\section[{II.}]{II.}\par
Dispositive Academic Positivity \hyperref[b4]{Foucault (1987)} links the concept of device to power and technology to account for a network of relationships between actors and institutions focused on the reproduction of social domination, although with emphasis on the sexual dimension in order to establish asymmetries between genders (p.29).\par
Consequently, the notion of device is linked to the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs), since the essence of the device is the espionage of the private sphere. As ICTs specialize, they register personalized information that will be disseminated and facilitate the governance of the individual and the groups in which he or she is inserted and wants to belong.\par
Once the State has established an inventory of the private sphere, then it can govern the public sphere in a more persuasive way without having to resort to the oppression of its praetorian, military or police institutions. This subtlety is the hallmark of the State and therefore of its device for reproducing the asymmetries between rulers and the governed. \hyperref[b4]{Foucault (1987)} suggests that the sexual device advances until it becomes a device of subjectivity (p.94). The distinction is fundamental, because while in the pre-modern stage of humanity, the nascent State ruled with the truth to individuals, in the contemporary era of the State is intended control, vigilance and punishment of the truth, privileging the reproduction of power through conformity and obedience of the law.\par
If the device of power, sexual and subjective, is instrumented in the dissemination of information about a reality determined as truth by the State, then science has become an instrument of the rulers not only to establish differences with respect to the governed , but to reproduce those asymmetries through positivity . \hyperref[b5]{Foucault (2002)} proposes the positivity category to explain the pseudoscientific influence of disciplines and their instrumentation in the private sphere (page 299). The archeology of knowledge unmasks the disciplines that have usurped the scientific, hypotheticaldeductive method to enroll in science and thereby ascribe to its institutionalization.\par
That is, the pseudoscientific positivity, as "statements that concern the similarities and differences between beings, their visible structure, their specific and generic characters, their possible classification, the discontinuities that separate them, and the transitions that link them."  {\ref (Foucault, 2002: p.302}) warns the essence of the power device, namely: the pseudoscience applied to the reproduction of the social domination of rulers to the governed.\par
It is a stacking of theories, concepts, sentences and indicators that are presented as science, but without an identity with the social, even when this process is carried out with rigor and this is supported by the prestige of an academic community, the positivity is not scientificity, but rather pseudo-scientificity that cannot be according to the needs of a sector of civil society  {\ref (Foucault, 2002: p.306}).\par
However, the power device is not only in the pseudoscience to reproduce the asymmetries between the actors. It is also observable in institutions that apply science closer to knowledge, medicine and psychology as examples  {\ref (Foucault, 2003: p. 30}). In this sense, systematic observation is not only an inheritance of medicine, but also intervention with the purpose of modifying the course of personal micro-history, as well as the implementation of a distinctive institutional seal involves the instrumentation of the power device (p. 229).\par
If the surveillance and control device subjects those who violate the law, the disciplinary device limits the analysis to the positivity of a scientific tradition that reflects the power of the most advanced sciences on the pseudo sciences that imitate them. The consequences of both devices, surveillance and control, on the intervention is not only the reproduction of the domination of rulers to their governed, but also the establishment of a legal and punitive sphere that punishes those who have exceeded the disciplinary limits  {\ref (Foucault, 2003: p.284}) .\par
In effect, pseudoscientific positivity does not contribute to the dialogue between political and social actors, but it conditions its asymmetries through discourses and enhances the vigilance of the rulers towards the governed in the same way that knowledge is guided by those who are imitated in their scientific procedures.\par
However, the devices not only operate in education or the private sphere, they also manifest themselves in the market through the establishment of a fair price, but in so far as it is established from the monitoring of inputs, supply and demand, he has lost its dimension of justice, since it does not reflect the time socially necessary for listing, but rather a police monetary control  {\ref (Foucault, 2007: p. 49}).\par
In the same way in which prices reach a true price through supply and demand, the other elements that are monitored by the State and determined by a discretionary price, will be free and may have a fair value that is the result of utility that a society attributes to him and not that imposed by his government  {\ref (Foucault, 2007: p.50}).\par
Therefore, justice will be achieved by the State as soon as it stops monitoring and establishing a quotation which should be generated by supply and demand, through the natural freedom of a market in which the wills are not co-opted by the government. State  {\ref (Foucault, 2007: p.51}).\par
In short, the power device, through its devices for monitoring and punishing sexuality, education and subjectivity it is built by a positivity that prevents the development of a morality of justice and rather encourages values of control and positivity that enhance the differences between those who govern and those who are governed. From these preliminary notions, the history of Social Work highlights health policies that were determining their periods, but also highlights events that were not controlled by the State and that allowed the reconceptualization of the discipline, as well as its adjustment to the needs of civil society. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Brief History of Social Work Intervention}]{Brief History of Social Work Intervention}\par
In a strict sense, the concept of Social Work underlies the Statute of Welfare when, in Germany, Prime Minister Bismark announces the implementation of benefits for workers in the industrial sector. In this way, the so-called social security was part of a social policy that aimed to encourage industrial production and ensure the availability of products according to the needs of the European industrial society with special attention to the nineteenth-century German society.\par
Social services, through social security programs and strategies were adopted in each of the European countries. Its emergence in the England of the 20th century generated socioeconomic studies for the establishment of priorities for the granting of resources among the working class. In this scenario Richmond was a pioneer in home visits and from this fact Social Work is considered as a discipline, since it stands out from charity and charity to be linked to the health sciences and behavior until then properly developed and recognized by public health institutions \hyperref[b9]{(Ribeiro et al., 2007)}.\par
Very soon Social Work occupied an important place in the hospitals and health centers interested in registering the potential number of affiliates and beneficiaries with the policies of the Welfare State, as well as those organizations interested in promoting health.\par
The emergence of professions such as nursing and health psychology allowed Social Work to interact with very specific worldviews about health and lifestyles related to self-care, but to the extent that the Welfare state was questioned by the liberal currents were moving away from the decision making and precautionary principles of health risks.\par
In this way, social policies, in their area of public health, were dictated from the managerial and managerial elites of State institutions, avoiding the discoveries and contributions of health professionals regarding the inventory and documentation of civil actors. at risk to your health.\par
Health policies that considered patients, beneficiaries or potential beneficiaries as passiveVolume XX Issue I Version I 2 ( C )\par
subjects and dependent on specialized care, recognized the importance of homogenizing and specifying preventive campaigns in the most marginalized and violated sectors where the army of industrial reserves is reproduced. The capitalist economic system required in its gestation stage.\par
To the extent that public health campaigns were disseminated among the poorest sectors, they stopped the population explosion, but discouraged precautionary lifestyles and aimed at reducing health risks. It was not until the late 20th century that industries and organizations proposed hygiene standards and occupational health promotion when estimating losses due to accidents and illnesses in workplaces, as well as in those who earned less \hyperref[b8]{(López and Chaparro, 2006)}.\par
These events transformed again the function of Social Work that entered into a process of self-criticism and self-questioning considered as a reconceptualization. In the case of Mexico is not entirely clear when it took place and in what context, but in line with changes in health policies that stage of being used promoters and stage of targeting development strategies prevention that involved society in its selfcare.\par
However, the deficits of financial resources for the case of unemployment or retirement determined a new policy of institutional evaluation and certification. In this new scenario, Social Work has developed models and devices with the purpose of highlighting its essence in terms of home visits, socioeconomic studies, registers and inventories of lifestyles and risk behaviors of marginalized sectors of civil society.\par
However, in the course of its history, the discipline influenced by public policies, had only considered these civil sectors as dependent. Now that the policies encourage the participation of citizens in order to prevent diseases and accidents that reduce their working life or compromise their abilities, Social Work is in the dilemma of reproducing the benefactor model, or adopting devices that allow the study of social sectors and anticipate participation scenarios in different economic, political and social spheres. 
\section[{IV.}]{IV.} 
\section[{Devices of Positivity in the Intervention of Social Work}]{Devices of Positivity in the Intervention of Social Work}\par
If health policies have been transformed in such a way that considers the individual as a key and factor even preponderant in the new public health system, then what adjustments are models of intervention focused on the passivity of the individual and control of the professionals, disseminated at the stage of the welfare state, but now require?\par
Power devices that reduced health rights and employment of workers to a specialized and conditioned by the resources and institutional capacities attention devices positivity l Social Work s Erian instruments rights management, but guided by the prevention based on self-care lifestyles.\par
In this way, the positivity devices in the Social Work intervention guide civil participation, highlight the negotiation and consensus around the labor and occupational rights that health policies recognized from the high costs for care and the low costs aimed at prevention.\par
In the historical nomenclature of \hyperref[b4]{Foucault (1987;}\hyperref[b5]{2002;}\hyperref[b6]{2003;}\hyperref[b7]{2007)} the devices are legitimized by the positivity of the sciences that imitate the hypotheticodeductive method with rigor and prestige, although without the identity or professional habitus required to dissuade opponents and persuade adherents to the system of social domination or differentiation between rulers and the governed.\par
The positivity or assertive implementation of the devices through speeches and strategies for monitoring and controlling self-care and adherence to treatment or rehabilitation reflects the asymmetries between those who make decisions and those who execute them. Strictly speaking, the positivity is an imitation of knowledge that were built in the institutions of public health.\par
From l to discipline of social work the device has been understood in a sense that more integration selectivity and exclusion \hyperref[b1]{(Carballeda, 2004)}. Therefore, the intervention has been the guiding axis of the discipline's task. It has even defined the identity of the social worker, since this is not only the heir of charity, charity and altruism, but also the result of social exclusion indicated by suffering and vulnerability \hyperref[b2]{(Carballeda, 2006}). These are contexts in which disenchantment forged the identity of the social worker, making it more sensitive to the needs of sectors excluded from civil society \hyperref[b3]{(Carballeda, 2008)}.\par
The social issue of Social Work lies in the complexity that institutions cannot monitor and control through the reward or sanction of its members; professionals and beneficiaries \hyperref[b3]{(Carballeda, 2008)}. It is more about establishing an interdisciplinary dialogue in which complexity can be studied and diagnosed as part of the social question. That is to say that the problems must be approached from a dialogic rather than from positivity.\par
In this way, the positive devices of the Social Work intervention can be substituted with the recognition of the other as interlocutor in the dialogue of knowledge Volume XX Issue I Version I In short, the history of Social Work in relation to social policies, health programs, as well as prevention and promotion strategies, show three phases in which the discipline has become more important to the extent that it has systematized its functions, but above all, it has approached the vulnerable, marginalized and excluded sectors while the other professions are moving away \hyperref[b0]{(Abreu, 2009)}. that facilitates the understanding of the complexity of the social question.\par
Volume XX Issue I Version I 			\footnote{Year 2020 © 2020 Global Journals Specification a Model for Study of Intervention} 			\footnote{© 2020 Global Journals Specification a Model for Study of Intervention} 		 		\backmatter  			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\bibitem[Carballeda ()]{b2}\label{b2} 	 		‘Social Work from a historical perspective focused on intervention. From the order of bodies to the outbreak of society’.  		 			Carballeda 		.  	 	 		\textit{AJ}  		2006. Paidós.  	 
\bibitem[Foucault ()]{b5}\label{b5} 	 		\textit{The archeology of knowledge},  		 			M Foucault 		.  		2002. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.  	 
\bibitem[Carballeda ()]{b3}\label{b3} 	 		\textit{The fragmented bodies. Social intervention in the scenarios of exclusion and disenchantment},  		 			A J Carballeda 		.  		2008. Buenos Aires: Paidós.  	 
\bibitem[Carballeda ()]{b1}\label{b1} 	 		\textit{The intervention in the social, exclusion and integration in the new social scenarios},  		 			A J Carballeda 		.  		2004. Buenos Aires: Paidós.  	 
\bibitem[Foucault ()]{b6}\label{b6} 	 		\textit{Watch and punish},  		 			M Foucault 		.  		2003. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.  	 
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