# Visitors' Perception About the Entertainment Parks in Dhaka City of Bangladesh Dr. Nazrul Islam ? , Tanvir Islam ? , Syed Mahdee Abbas ? , Raisa Binta Huda ? , Anika Tabassum ¥ & Quazi Nahin Mubassira § Abstract-Nowadays, entertainment parks are one of the paramount segments of the tourism industry of any country. Bangladesh is also a country with a full of attractive places for the visitors and tourists. Some of the entertainment parks are also made by the private sector entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. Due to rapid growth of urbanization, people are divested of enjoying natural attractive places, due to their time constraints. Therefore, the concept of entertainment park is becoming vital in developing countries like Bangladesh. Along with natural tourist spots, there are four main private sector entertainment parks that are located in Dhaka and Chittagong, the main cities of Bangladesh. They are: Fantasy kingdom, Nandan Park, Sishu Park, and FoyezLake. The tourism sector's contribution to the economy is also increasing day by day. In 2017, it was 4.2 percent of the GDP, increasing to 4.4 percent in 2018 1 1 knoema.com/atlas/Bangladesh/topics/Tourism/Travel-and-Tourism-Total-Contribution-to-GDP/Contribution-of-travel-and-tourism-to-GDPpercent-of-GDP . To develop this sector, a diversified approach with the concentration on theme-based entertainment parks might be more attractive to the urban people of Bangladesh. A large number of visitors desire entertainment parks, especially in Dhaka city. But the parks are extremely inadequate in numbers and also not in good condition. Hence, this study identifies the visitors' perceptions about the entertainment parks located in Dhaka city -the capital city of Bangladesh. This study was conducted among the visitors who have already visited the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. To conduct this study, a total of 214visitors were interviewed with the help of a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis techniques like factor analysis were performed to identify the factors related to the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the relationships between the factors and the overall conditions of the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. Results show that there are twelve factors which are important to the people of Dhaka city who frequently visit entertainment parks. The factors are: medical and first aid services, rides price and mobile network, road transport and discount facilities, trees and gardens, park employee's behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, attractiveness of the park, quiet and noiseless, open for all ages of people, and availability of the rides. It is suggested that the park authority should focus on the mentioned factors so as to make the entertainment parks more attractive to the increased number of visitors from Dhaka city. Keywords: entertainment park, rides price, park employees behavior, quiet and noiseless, availability of rides. # I. Background ntertainment parks are the places where people go for amusement and fun. It is a large area of land with grass and trees, usually surrounded by fences or walls, and specially arranged so that people can walk in it for pleasure or children can play in it 2 II. Entertainment Parks in Bangladesh . However, parks have evolved far beyond this definition. Parks are not only open areas of grassland now, rather they are places of entertainment for the people. Now, parks have different rides, museums, botanical gardens, open-air theater, picnic spots, etc. Kaplan, & Kaplan, (1989) defined park as an essential part of modern infrastructure from where people would like to have mental health benefits. It is also important to provide access for all ages and income abilities people, for their mental well-being in the parks. There are different types of parks in Bangladesh such as mini parks, community parks, government or privately-owned parks, theme parks, amusement parks or entertainment parks, etc. Every locality of Dhaka city, there are parks which are not ideally standard in condition. Entertainment parks in Dhaka city are becoming attractive to the visitors nowadays. The reasons might be attributed to the population pressure in the city, where about 20 million people are living (Parvin, 1991). They do not have places to go on their weekends and holidays. But the facilities in the parks are hardly up to the standards. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the visitors' perception of the entertainment parks of Dhaka City of Bangladesh. The distinct objectives of this study are: (i) to describe the parks and entertainments spots of Bangladesh, (ii) to identify the visitors' perception about the entertainment parks located in Dhaka City, and (iii) to provide suggestions to improve the quality of the park's environment and entertainment spots of Dhaka city. In Bangladesh, parks have got historical connections. A renowned par of Dhaka city is Ramna Park, which is the first natural park in Bangladesh (Chandan, 2016). It is situated at the heart of Dhaka city. It started its journey around 1610 during the Mughal Period. Although it was a barren area after 1825, it regained its glory and beauty. Over time it gradually grew and finally officially inaugurated in 1949 with an area of 88.50acres. Other natural parks started its activities before independence include Bahadur Shah Park (formerly known as Victoria Park) located in Shadarghat, was started after 1857. In 1909, a botanical garden named Baldha Garden was established, which is located in Wari, Dhaka; where more than 672 species of plants can be found (Chandan, 2016).After the independence of Bangladesh in 1974, the first park was 'Bangladesh National Zoo' located in Mirpur, Dhaka (Chandan, 2015). Outside Dhaka, some of the major natural parks are Himchari National Park, Sitakunda Botanical Garden and Ecopark, Madhabkunda Ecopark, Lawachara National Park, etc. Entertainment and amusement parks are mainly privately owned in Bangladesh except Shishu Park which was established in 1979. It is the only public sector park for the children's amusement in Bangladesh located in Shahbag, Dhaka (Jahan, 2016). Another park, Wonderland, is situated in Gulshan, Dhaka and owned by Wonderland Group Bangladesh, is the first ever amusement park in the private sector, operating since 1990 (Wonderlandgroupbd.com, 2010). The first-ever theme and heritage park of Bangladesh is the Fantasy Kingdom, established in 2002, which is situated in Ashulia, Dhaka (Fantasy Kingdom, 2013). There are many parks not only in the heart of Dhaka city, but also around Dhaka city, which are listed in Table 1. It is not an exhaustive list. For the last few decades, the travel and tourism sector of Bangladesh has progressively turned into an essential driver for financial and social advancement. It can help development through the creation of employment and venture creation and can give huge foreign exchange returns to the country (Parveen, 2013).Entertainment parks are one of the largest sectors in tourism industry of any developing country. Bangladesh is also a place where these parks can create significant revenue as well as increase the number of employment opportunities. Therefore, amusement parks are currently under the considerations of park entrepreneurs, due to which more rides and modern facilities are introduced in the entertainment parks, so as to attract and satisfy the visitors. Currently, investors are also more interested in investing in the entertainment parks (Shams, Jalil & Faruq, 2006).They are concentrating more on diversification and themebased parks in Bangladesh. It is thought that the diversification approach will boost domestic tourism and attract foreign tourists. Both the private and public sectors are investing in the entertainment parks to ensure high contributions to the economy of the country(New Age Bangladesh,2018).In 2018, the total contribution of the Travel & Tourism sector to GDP was 4.4% ("Bangladesh -Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP as a share of GDP", n.d.) which shows a huge development and progress of the tourism sector. Hence, it can be said that amusement parks play a very important role in Bangladesh. There are a lot of amusements parks in Bangladesh, of which most are in Dhaka city If this sector gets proper investment and attention, it will contribute much more to the GDP, besides attracting both domestic and foreign visitors in greater numbers. The parks also need a more standardized, proper plan. The parks should also diversify themselves through enriched technology (New Age Bangladesh, 2018). The investors can also follow a more sophisticated way to make the parks more comfortable to attract tourists and visitors (New Age Bangladesh, 2018). Therefore, tourism can open another skyline for Bangladesh. The entertainment parks are one of the most potential areas in the tourism sector to invest in and attract the visitors. # III. # Visitors' Perception of the Entertainment Parks In selecting park, visitors consider some factors like the park's environment, facilities, rides, location, etc., which are expected by them over there. Cheng,. et.al., (2016) identified seven factors influencing visitor perception about the park such as: visitor varietyseeking, visitor satisfaction, switching cost, perceived value, competitor attraction, theme park image and visitors' involvement. Çay (2015) observed that in recent years, along with the increasing competition and physical as well as mental pressures in daily lives, recreation and entertainment are becoming an indispensable need. Hence, visitors would like to go to a place where there are recreation facilities and, they can relax. This study identified the importance of open spaces and recommended parks to be planned for everyone keeping the mental, physical, social needs in mind. Therefore, the importance of proper design for such parks and also the investment can mark a change in the output (Godbey and Mowen, 2011). Parks and outdoor spaces along with recreation facilities, which can be educative or something funny (Neumeyer & Neumeyer, 1958), has a paramount influence on education (Guggenheimer, 1970). So, it is perfectly understandable that parks and recreational arrangements are very much important in human lives and their education. The attitude of the visitors also matters when they visit entertainment parks. Schiffman & Kanuk (2007) described three components of attitude: cognitive, affective, and behavioral, which are also connected to the entertainment parks. Ajzen and Fishbein (1991) emphasized that attitude influences both intention and behavior. Therefore, to properly evaluate the perception a visitor has regarding a park, it is crucial to understand the attitudinal factors of the visitors that influence their cognitive dimension and behavioral dimension, leading to positive or negative visitor behavior. Quintal and Ian (2008) used attributes like perceived attractions, perceived quality, perceived risk, and perceived value to measure visitor satisfaction while Prayag (2008) made use of comfort facilities, safety, infrastructure, cultural attractions, shopping, ambiance, variety and accessibility. However, they failed to rank the factors in terms of importance to the visitors. Çoban (2012) made use of factors such as, tourist attractions, basic facilities, cultural attractions, tourism substructures and transportation options, natural environment, variety and economic factors and found that cognitive and affective dimensions affect the satisfaction of the visitors. Similarly, Sakip, Akhir & Omar (2015) identified four main factors related to the parks such as Good of access and linkage (GAL), degree of comfort and image (DCI), users' activities (UAC) and sociability (SOC). They found that the GAL factor is the most important factor. Ray and Hossain (2015) identified concerned with the visitor's perception about the parks such as Safety and Security, Food and Beverage, Attractions, Price, Variety of Animals and Birds and the Environment. They found that "Attraction" factor was the most important to visitors while "Safety and Security" and "Variety of Animals and Birds" were the lowest affecting factors contributing to positive visitors' perception. The second and third most attitudinal factors are "Environment" and "Price" # IV. # Research Methods This purpose of this study was to identify the factors concerning the visitors' perception of the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. Both primary and secondary sources of information were used to conduct this study. Primary data was collected from the regular park visitors and the secondary data was collected from the books, magazines, journals, and the concerned association. # a) Sample Design and Determination of Sample Size Respondents were selected from the visitors who frequently visit the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. To select the respondents, the interviewers went to the park(s) and interviewed at the spot. It was presumed that more than five hundred thousand people of Dhaka city usually visit entertainment parks of in a month. The sample size of this study was determined by using the following formula suggested by Yamane (1967), ?? = ?? + ??(??) 2 where, n is the sample size, N is the population size, and e is the level of precision. For this study, level of precision is presumed as 0.07 and the population size is 5,00,000. Putting these values in the above equation, the required number of sample size becomes approximately 204. This figure is well above the critical sample size of 204 for employing multivariate analysis (Hair et al., 1998). However, two hundred fourteen visitors were interviewed for this study. Sample distribution is shown in Table 2. b) Questionnaire Design The structured questionnaire which was used in this study has been developed through a literature review. Responses to all the statements in the questionnaire were measured on a five-point scale ranging from 1 to 5 with 1 indicating strongly disagree and 5 indicating strongly agree. One of the relative advantages of using this scale is its suitability for the applications of multifarious statistical tools used in marketing and social research study (Malhotra, 1999). The collected data were statistically processed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The reliability statistics show that the internal consistency of the questionnaire is under the acceptable limit (Nunnally, 1978). The reliability of 55 items of the questionnaire is found 0.939 which is at the acceptable limit. # c) Data Collection & Analysis Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was used for the purpose of analyzing the opinions of the visitors regarding the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. The survey was conducted in 2018, among the visitors of more than 30 parks located in Dhaka city -the capital city of Bangladesh. The interviewers were properly trained on the items included in the questionnaire for data collection before commencing the interview. Along with descriptive statistics 3 , inferential statistical 4 techniques such as, Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with an Orthogonal Rotation (Varimax) 5 using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) was performed on the survey data. Multiple Regression Analysis 63 Descriptive statistics includes statistical procedures that we use to describe the population we are studying. The data could be collected from either a sample or a population, but the results help us organize and describe data. Descriptive statistics can only be used to describe a group that is being studied. That is, the results cannot be generalized to any larger group. 4 Inferential statistics is concerned with making predictions or inferences about a population from observations and analyses of a sample. That is, we can take the results of an analysis using a sample and can generalize it to the larger population that the sample represents. 5 Varimax rotation is an orthogonal rotation of the factor axes to maximize the variance of the squared loadings of a factor (column) on all the variables (rows) in a factor matrix, which has the effect of differentiating the original variables by extracted factor. Each factor will tend to have either large or small loadings of any particular variable. A varimax solution yields results which make it as easy as possible to identify each variable with a single factor. This is the most common rotation option. 6 # In statistics, regression analysis is a statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables. It includes many techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. More specifically, regression analysis helps one understand how the typical value of the dependent variable (or 'Criterion Variable') changes when any one of the independent variables is varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. was conducted to identify the significant factors related to the visitors' perceptions in about the entertainment parks of Dhaka city. V. # Results and Discussions The results of this study have been reported in two sub-sections such as results of factor analysis and results of multiple regression analysis. Factors analysis has been used to identify the factors that are related to the visitors' perception on entertainment parks in Bangladesh. Multiple regression analysis has been used to identify the significant factors concerning the visitors' perception on entertainment parks that are important for the improvement of the overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. # a) Results of Factors Analysis The results of Factor Analysis show that there are 12 independent factors concerned with the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. The factors are: (i) Medical and First Aid Services, (ii) Rides Price and Mobile Network, (iii) Facilities -Road Transport, Discount, Children, (iv) Trees and Gardens, (v) Park Employees Behavior & Sitting Facilities, (vi) Food and Toilet Facilities, (vii) Picnic Spot Facilities, (viii) Drinking Water Facilities, (vix) Attractiveness of the Park, (x) Quiet and Noiseless, (xi) Open for All Ages of People, and (xii) Enough Rides are Available (Table 4). These factors together explain 68.01% of the variance. This means that the data set used in this study covers 68.01% percent of the importance. The most important factors to the park visitors is the medical and first aid services followed by rides price and mobile network, facilities -road transport, discount, children, trees and gardens, park employees behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, attractiveness of the park, quiet and noiseless, open for all ages of people, and enough rides are available. The communalities of the variables also show very high indicating that the variables have strong relationships among them (Appendix 2). The factors analysis results also show that the factors loadings of each factor are very high indicating that the variables constituted the factor(s) have a very strong association among them and constituted the factor(s). This means the correlations between the variables that are factor loadings have a very strong relationship to form a group and that is a factor (Table 5). However, variables number 13, 15, 18, 30, 33, 37, & 51, have factor loadings below than 0.50 and, hence, those are eliminated. # b) Results of Multiple Regression Analysis The results of multiple regression analysis show that the model identified by this study can explain 61.80% of the dependent variable i.e., the overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh (Table 6). The analysis result also shows that the ANOVA is significant at the zero percent level of significant. That means the factors identified in this analysis are together significantly related to the overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh (Table 7). If there is a change of the individual factors together there will be change of the dependent variable that is overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. The regression analysis results also show that the significant relationships of the factors with the overall park environment in Bangladesh. The results show that the factors like rides price and mobile network, trees and gardens, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, quiet and noiseless, and availability of enough rides are individually significantly related to the overall park environment in Bangladesh (Table 8). These factors are in very poor conditions in the entertainment parks in Bangladesh that are to be improved. The factors such as, medical and first aid services, facilities -road transport, discount, children, park employee's behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, attractiveness of the park, and open for all ages of people are not significantly related to the overall environment of entertainment parks in Bangladesh. The conditions of these factors are, perhaps, in a condition that is acceptable to the park visitors in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to identify the factors related to the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. As the number of park visitors is increasing day by day in Bangladesh, the identification of the perceptual factors is important to plan the parks for their improvements. This study shows that there are twelve areas concerning the environment of entertainment parks in Bangladesh such as, medical and first aid services followed by rides price and mobile network, facilities -road transport, discount, children, trees and gardens, park employees behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, attractiveness of the park, quiet and noiseless, open for all ages of people, and enough rides are available. These factors are together significantly related to the overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. Factors like rides price and mobile network, trees and gardens, picnic spot facilities, drinking water facilities, quiet and noiseless, and availability of enough rides are significantly related to the overall environments of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. This indicates that if these factors are changed or addressed properly, the overall park environment will also be improved, and more visitors will be attracted. The factors including medical and first aid services, facilities -road transport, discount, children, park employee's behavior & sitting facilities, food and toilet facilities, attractiveness of the park, and open for all ages of people are found not significantly related to the overall environment of the entertainment parks. These areas of the park environment are acceptable to the visitors of the parks in Bangladesh. This study only included the visitors' perception in its sample respondents. However, there is also an ample scope to conduct further study by park managers and owners as sample respondents and more variables into account that may produce more precise results concerning the overall environment of the entertainment parks in Bangladesh. # Global Journal of 1Categories of ParksName of the ParksLocationRamna ParkDhaka city1.ParksGulshan Lake Park Bangabandhu Safari ParkDhaka city GazipurNuhash PolliGazipurZinda parkNarayanganj, DhakaShishu ParkDhaka cityWonderlandDhaka cityFantasy KingdomAshulia, DhakaFantasy IslandDiabari, DhakaDhaka Sishu MelaDhaka cityTurag Recreation WorldBirulia, DhakaNandan ParkNabinagar, DhakaJamuna Amusement WorldDhaka cityTamanna World Family ParkDhaka city2.Entertainment and Amusement ParksSuvarnagrama Park & Resort Swamibag WonderlandDhaka-Sylhet Highway Sayadabad, DhakaA Plus BangladeshPallabi, DhakaDream Holiday Park, NarsingdiNorshingdhi, DhakaEastern Plaza Kidz ZoneDhaka cityHatirjheel Lake Park (WesternDhaka citySide)Flying DiscoDhaka cityCarnivalPragati, DhakaCivil Aviation Children ParkDhaka cityNational Botanical GardenDhaka city3.GardensBaldha Gardens Rose GardenDhaka city Dhaka citySadullapur Flower GardenSavar, DhakaBhawal National ParkGazipur, Dhaka4.National ParksGajni Obokash KendroSherpur, DhakaMadhutila Eco-ParkNalkura, Dhaka5.Bodies of WaterJamuna River Side Upendra SoroborTangail, Dhaka Tangail, Dhaka6.BeachesRoad To BDDhaka city7.DamsMangla DamMirpur, Dhaka8.Other ParksDhaka ZooDhaka cityJerry BeesUttara, Dhaka 2Sl. No.Name of the ParkNo. of Respondents1Fantasy Kingdom2Ramna Park3Shishu Park4Water Kingdom5Wonderland6Toggy World7Bangabandhu Safari Park8Jamuna Future Park9Nondon Park10Botanical Garden11Zinda Park12Tamanna Park13Shadinota Complex14Chandrima Uddan15Hazaribag Park16Dream Holiday Park17Shyamoli Park18Butterfly Park19Farmgate Park20Rasel Park21Dhanmondi Lake22Mirpur DOHS Park23Dhaka National Zoo24Niketan Park25Shishu Mela26Aladin's Park27Disney28Baridhara DOHS Park30Gulshan Lake Park31OthersTotal214 4FactorsFactorsInitial Eigenvalues % of VarianceCumulative %1. Medical and First Aid Services13.83225.14825.1482. Rides Price and Mobile Network5.74710.44935.5983. Facilities -Road Transport, Discount, Children3.4746.31741.9144. Trees and Gardens2.4904.52746.4415. Park Employees Behavior & Sitting Facilities2.3014.18450.6266. Food and Toilet Facilities1.7643.20753.8327. Picnic Spot Facilities1.6683.03456.8668. Drinking Water Facilities1.3662.48359.3499. Attractiveness of the Park1.2872.34061.68910. Quiet and Noiseless1.2392.25363.94211. Open for All Ages of People1.1712.12966.07112. Enough Rides are Available1.0641.93568.006Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 5Factors 6ModelRR SquareAdjusted R SquareStd. Error of the Estimate1.786 a.618.595.55575a. Predictors: (Constant), REGR factor score 12 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 11 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 10for analysis 1, REGR factor score 9 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 8 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 7 foranalysis 1, REGR factor score 6 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 5 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 4 for analysis 1,REGR factor score 3 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 2 for analysis 1, REGR factor score 1 for analysis 1 7Year 2019( ) F 8UnstandardizedStandardizedModelCoefficientsCoefficientsBStd. ErrorBetatSig.(Constant)3.425.03890.160 .0001. Medical and First Aid Services.061.038.0701.598 .1122. Rides Price and Mobile Network.594.038.68015.599 .0003. Facilities -Road Transport, Discount, Children.072.038.0821.888 .0614. Trees and Gardens.071.038.0821.874 .0625. Park Employees Behavior & Sitting Facilities-.052.038-.059-1.359 .1766. Food and Toilet Facilities.046.038.0521.195 .2337. Picnic Spot Facilities.204.038.2345.362 .0008. Drinking Water Facilities.110.038.1262.890 .0049. Attractiveness of the Park.021.038.024.547.58510. Quiet and Noiseless.110.038.1262.891 .00411. Open for All Ages of People-.058.038-.067-1.535 .12612. Enough Rides are Available.171.038.1964.487 .000a. Dependent Variable: OverallVI. 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