@incollection{,
	
					
					
					11CB3BEFADAEC02642963809EAADB485
				,
	author={{GuanmingHe} and {GuanmingHe} and {Durham University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}184118
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{CEO stock option awards and the timing of corporate voluntary disclosures}}
		,
	author={{
			DAboody
		} and {
			&RKasznik
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			29
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{The association between outside directors, institutional investors and the properties of management earnings forecasts}}
		,
	author={{
			BAjinkya
		} and {
			SBhojraj
		} and {
			&PSengupta
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			43
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Market reaction to multiple contemporaneous earnings signals: Earnings announcements and future earnings guidance}}
		,
	author={{
			RKAtiase
		} and {
			HLi
		} and {
			SSupattarakul
		} and {
			&STse
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Accounting Studies}}
		
			10
			4
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effects of management forecast precision on equity pricing and on the assessment of earnings uncertainty}}
		,
	author={{
			SPBaginski
		} and {
			EJConrad
		} and {
			&J MHassell
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			68
			
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Determinants of management forecasts precision}}
		,
	author={{
			SPBaginski
		} and {
			JMHassell
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			72
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Discretionary management earnings forecast disclosures: antecedents and outcomes associated with forecast venue and forecast width choices}}
		,
	author={{
			LSBamber
		} and {
			YSCheon
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The rewards to meeting or beating earnings expectations}}
		,
	author={{
			EBartov
		} and {
			DGivoly
		} and {
			&CHayn
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			33
			2
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{The financial reporting environment: review of the recent literature}}
		,
	author={{
			ABeyer
		} and {
			DACohen
		} and {
			TZLys
		} and {
			&B RWalther
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			50
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Strategic silence, insider selling and litigation risk}}
		,
	author={{
			MBBillings
		} and {
			MCCedergren
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			59
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Selection bias corrections based on the multinomial logit model: Monte Carlo comparisons}}
		,
	author={{
			FBourguignon
		} and {
			MFournier
		} and {
			&MGurgand
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Economics Survey}}
		
			21
			1
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Voluntary disclosures around share repurchases}}
		,
	author={{
			PBrockman
		} and {
			IKKhurana
		} and {
			&XMartin
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
			89
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Voluntary disclosures and the trading behavior of corporate insiders}}
		,
	author={{
			RMBushman
		} and {
			RJIndjejikian
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			33
			2
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Economic consequences of SEC disclosure regulation: Evidence from the OTC bulletin board}}
		,
	author={{
			BBushee
		} and {
			&CLeuz
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			39
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of earnings on the pricing of credit default swaps}}
		,
	author={{
			JCallen
		} and {
			JLivnat
		} and {
			&DSegal
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			84
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{On the informativeness of credit watch placements. Working paper}}
		,
	author={{
			SChakravarty
		} and {
			CNChiyachantana
		} and {
			YTLee
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2009}
		
		
			Purdue University
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{Insider trading and voluntary disclosures}}
		,
	author={{
			QCheng
		} and {
			&KLo
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			44
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Managerial incentive and management forecasts precision}}
		,
	author={{
			QCheng
		} and {
			TLuo
		} and {
			&HYue
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			88
			5
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{An empirical analysis of changes in credit rating properties: timeliness, accuracy and volatility}}
		,
	author={{
			MCheng
		} and {
			&MNeamtiu
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Assessing methods of identifying management forecasts: CIG vs. researcher collected}}
		,
	author={{
			EChuk
		} and {
			DMatsumoto
		} and {
			GSMiller
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			55
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{The timeliness of the bond market reaction to bad earnings news}}
		,
	author={{
			MDe Fond
		} and {
			&JZhang
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contemporary Accounting Research}}
		
			31
			3
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{The timeliness of bad earnings news and litigation risk}}
		,
	author={{
			DCDonelson
		} and {
			JMclnnis
		} and {
			RDMergenthaler
		} and {
			&YYu
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			87
			6
			
			,
	year={2012}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Special report: Who rates the raters? 3/26/2005}}
				
			,
	year={2005}
			374
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Shareholder litigation and corporate disclosures}}
		,
	author={{
			JFrancis
		} and {
			DPhilbrick
		} and {
			&KSchipper
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			32
			2
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Does disclosure deter or trigger litigation?}}
		,
	author={{
			LField
		} and {
			MLowry
		} and {
			&SShu
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			39
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Discretionary disclosure and external financing}}
		,
	author={{
			RFrankel
		} and {
			MMcNichols
		} and {
			&GWilson
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			70
			1
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Do acquirers disclose good news or withhold bad news when they finance their acquisitions using equity?}}
		,
	author={{
			RGe
		} and {
			&CLennox
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Accounting Studies}}
		
			16
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{The effect of CEO inside debt holdings on financial reporting quality}}
		,
	author={{
			GHe
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Accounting Studies}}
		
			53
			2
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Credit ratings and managerial voluntary disclosures}}
		,
	author={{
			GHe
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Financial Review}}
		
			53
			2
			
			,
	year={2018a}
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Insider trading and voluntary nonfinancial disclosures. Working paper}}
		,
	author={{
			GHe
		}}
		
			,
	year={2018b}
		
		
			Durham University
		
	

}

@book{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Credit ratings, post-earningsannouncement drift, and arbitrage from transient institutions. Working paper, Durham University}}
		,
	author={{
			GHe
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2018c}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{Financial constraints and futures stock price crash risk. Working paper, Durham University}}
		,
	author={{
			GHe
		} and {
			&MRen
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Limited attention, information disclosure, and financial reporting}}
		,
	author={{
			DHirshleifer
		} and {
			SHTeoh
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			36
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Management earnings forecasts: a review and framework}}
		,
	author={{
			DEHirst
		} and {
			LKoonce
		} and {
			&SVenkataraman
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Accounting Horizon}}
		
			22
			3
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			AGHovakimian
		} and {
			AKayhan
		} and {
			STitman
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
		
			University of Texas at Austin
		
	
	,
	note={Credit rating targets. Working Paper}

}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of accounting conservatism on management earnings forecasts}}
		,
	author={{
			KWHui
		} and {
			SMatsunaga
		} and {
			&DMorse
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{A discussion of "Corporate disclosure by family firms}}
		,
	author={{
			AHutton
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			44
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Tightening credit standards: the rule of accounting quality}}
		,
	author={{
			PJorion
		} and {
			CShi
		} and {
			&SZhang
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Accounting Studies}}
		
			14
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{To warn or not to warn: Management disclosure in the face of an earnings surprise}}
		,
	author={{
			RKasznik
		} and {
			&BLev
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			70
			
			,
	year={1995}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Trading volume and price reactions to public announcements}}
		,
	author={{
			OKim
		} and {
			&RVerrecchia
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			29
			
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Credit ratings and capital structure}}
		,
	author={{
			DJKisgen
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Finance}}
		
			61
			3
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{The influence of credit ratings on corporate capital structure decisions}}
		,
	author={{
			DJKisgen
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Applied Corporate Finance}}
		
			19
			3
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Do firms target credit ratings or leverage level?}}
		,
	author={{
			DJKisgen
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis}}
		
			44
			6
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Do managers withhold bad news}}
		,
	author={{
			SPKothari
		} and {
			SShu
		} and {
			PDWysocki
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evidence on the motivation for management forecasts of corporate earnings}}
		,
	author={{
			WJKross
		} and {
			WGLewellen
		} and {
			&B TRo
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Managerial and Decision Economics}}
		
			15
			
			,
	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b44,
	
	
		,
	title={{Cross-Sectional determinants of analyst ratings of corporate disclosures}}
		,
	author={{
			MLang
		} and {
			&RLundholm
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			31
			
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b45,
	
	
		,
	title={{Corporate disclosure policy and analyst behavior}}
		,
	author={{
			MHLang
		} and {
			RJLundholm
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			71
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
		,
	title={{Voluntary disclosure and equity offerings: reducing information asymmetry or hyping the stock?}}
		,
	author={{
			MLang
		} and {
			UCarolina
		} and {
			RLundholm
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contemporary Accounting Research}}
		
			17
			
			,
	year={2000}
		
	

}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{The informativeness of earnings and management's issuance of earnings forecasts}}
		,
	author={{
			CLennox
		} and {
			&CPark
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			42
			3
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b48,
	
	
		,
	title={{Voluntary disclosure, information asymmetry, and insider selling through secondary equity offerings}}
		,
	author={{
			CAMarquardt
		} and {
			CIWiedman
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Contemporary Accounting Research}}
		
			15
			4
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b49,
	
	
		,
	title={{Management's incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises}}
		,
	author={{
			DAMatsumoto
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			77
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
		,
	title={{Discretionary disclosure and stock-based incentives}}
		,
	author={{
			VNagar
		} and {
			DNanda
		} and {
			&PWysocki
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			34
			
			,
	year={2003}
		
	

}

@incollection{b51,
	
	
		,
	title={{The stock price effects of alternative types of management earnings forecasts}}
		,
	author={{
			GPownall
		} and {
			CWasley
		} and {
			&gWaymire
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			68
			4
			
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b52,
	
	
		,
	title={{Credibility of management forecasts}}
		,
	author={{
			JLRogers
		} and {
			PCStocken
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			80
			
			,
	year={2005}
		
	

}

@incollection{b53,
	
	
		,
	title={{Disclosure quality and management trading incentives}}
		,
	author={{
			JLRogers
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			46
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@book{b54,
	
	
		,
	title={{Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 2000. Selective disclosure and insider trading. Release 33-7881}}
		
			,
	address={Washington D.C}
		
	

}

@book{b55,
	
	
		,
	title={{Report on the role and function of credit rating agencies in the operation of the securities markets as required by Section 702 (b) of the Sarbances-Oxley Act of}}
		
			,
	year={2003. 2002}
			,
	address={Washington, D.C}
		
		
			Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC
		
	

}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
		,
	title={{Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Credit rating agencies-NRSROs}}
				
			,
	year={2005. March 21}
		
	

}

@book{b57,
	
	
		,
	title={{The summary report of issues identified in the commission staff's examinations of select credit rating agencies}}
		
		
			,
	year={2008}
		
	
	,
	note={Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)}

}

@incollection{b58,
	
	
		,
	title={{The debt market relevance of management earnings forecasts: evidence from before and during the credit crisis}}
		,
	author={{
			LShivakumar
		} and {
			OUrcan
		} and {
			FPVasvari
		} and {
			&LZhang
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Accounting Studies}}
		
			16
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b59,
	
	
		,
	title={{Why firms voluntarily disclose bad news}}
		,
	author={{
			DJSkinner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			32
			1
			
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	year={1994}
		
	

}

@incollection{b60,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings disclosure and stockholder lawsuits}}
		,
	author={{
			DSkinner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b61,
	
	
		,
	title={{The impact of SEC mandated segment data on price variability and divergence of beliefs}}
		,
	author={{
			SSwaminathan
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			66
			
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
		,
	title={{Uncertain precision and price reactions to information}}
		,
	author={{
			KRSubramanyam
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
			71
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b63,
	
	
		,
	title={{Standard & Poor's}}
		
	
	
		,
	booktitle={{Corporate ratings criteria}}
				
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b64,
	
	
		,
	title={{Essays on disclosure}}
		,
	author={{
			RVerrecchia
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Economics}}
		
			32
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
		,
	title={{Earnings volatility and voluntary management forecast disclosure}}
		,
	author={{
			GWaymire
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Research}}
		
			23
			
			,
	year={1985}
		
	

}