@incollection{,
	
					
					
					4033C1EC7A1E7F9DADC31D5FCB23F1F7
					,
	note={The Actuarial Agingof Italian Veterans of World Wariborn between 1889 and 1900 and A Comparison to the Cohorts Born during the Years Immediately Following}
				,
	author={{CarloMaccheroni} and {CarloMaccheroni} and {University of Turin, Italy}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}1751933
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			GAlfani
		} and {
			AMelegaro
		} and {
			Pandemie D'italia
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	publisher={Egea}
			,
	address={Milano}
		
	

}

@book{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mothers, babies, and diseases in later life}}
		,
	author={{
			DJ PBarker
		}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={BMJ Publishing Group}
			,
	address={London}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Il numero dei centenari in Italia}}
		,
	author={{
			FBonarini
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Working Paper Series}}
		
			,
	year={2009}
		
		
			Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Critical periods in human growth and their relationship to diseases of aging}}
		,
	author={{
			NCameron
		} and {
			EWDemerath
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Journal of Physical Anthropology}}
		
			35
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	
	,
	note={Suppl}

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{A biologically motivated partitioning of mortality}}
		,
	author={{
			BACarnes
		} and {
			SOlshansky
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Experimental Gerontology}}
		
			32
			6
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mortality partitions and their relevance to research on senescence}}
		,
	author={{
			BACarnes
		}}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Biogerontology}}
		
			7
			
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Psicologia dell' invecchiamento, Roma:Carocci, 2000. italiana (secoli XIV-XIX)}}
		,
	author={{
			MCesa-Bianchi
		}}
		
			,
	year={1980}
			,
	address={Torino}
		
	
	,
	note={Loescher editore}

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Maximum Life Span Predictions From the Gompertz Mortality Model}}
		,
	author={{
			CEFinch
		} and {
			MCPike
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journnals of Gerontology A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences}}
		
			51
			3
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Continuing the Search for a Law of Mortality}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Population and Development Review}}
		
			2
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: A review}}
		,
	author={{
			ITElo
		} and {
			SHPreston
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Population Index}}
		
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@book{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			Summer
		}}
		
			58
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Slow mortality rate accelerations during aging in some animals approximate that of humans}}
		,
	author={{
			CEFinch
		} and {
			MCPike
		} and {
			MWitten
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science}}
		
			249
			
			,
	year={1990}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The reliability theory of aging and longevity}}
		,
	author={{
			LAGavrilov
		} and {
			NSGavrilova
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Theoretical Biology}}
		
			213
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Biodemography of Old-Age Mortality in Humans and Rodents}}
		,
	author={{
			NSGavrilova
		} and {
			LAGavrilov
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journnals of Gerontology A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences}}
		
			70
			1
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality and on the new mode of determining the value of life contingencies}}
		,
	author={{
			BGompertz
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocetyA}}
		
			115
			
			,
	year={1825}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Has actuarial aging "slowed" over the past 250 years? A comparison of small-scale subsistence populations and European cohorts}}
		,
	author={{
			MGurven
		} and {
			AFenelon
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Evolution}}
		
			63
			
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@book{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			GHHardy
		} and {
			JELittlewood
		} and {
			GPolya
		} and {
			Inequalities
		} and {
			Cambridge
		}}
		
		
		
		
		
			,
	year={1964}
			,
	publisher={Cambridge University Press}
		
	

}

@book{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Development of Oldest-Old Mortality. 1950-1990: Evidence from 28 Developed Countries}}
		,
	author={{
			VKannisto
		}}
		
			,
	year={1994}
			,
	publisher={Odense University Press}
			,
	address={Odense}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{No increased mortality in later life for cohorts born during famine}}
		,
	author={{
			VKannisto
		} and {
			KChristensen
		} and {
			JWVaupel
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{American Journal of Epidemiology}}
		
			145
			11
			
			,
	year={1997. Jun 1}
		
	

}

@book{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Deciphering death: A commentary on Gompertz (1825) 'On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality. and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies'. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocetyB}}
		,
	author={{
			TB LKirkwood
		}}
		10.1098/rstb.2014.0379
		
		
			,
	year={2015. 20140379}
			370
		
	

}

@book{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Italia in 150 anni. Sommario di statistiche storiche 1861-2010}}
		,
	author={{
			Istat -L'
		}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
			,
	address={Roma}
		
	

}

@book{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Mortalità della popolazione per provincia e regione di residenza}}
		,
	author={{
			Istat -Tavole
		} and {
			Di
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1974-2013. January 2014}
			,
	address={Banca Dati}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{La mortalità in Italia nel periodo 1970-1992: evoluzione e geografia.Roma:Istat}}
		,
	author={{
			Istat-Iss
		}}
		
			,
	year={1999}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{A modeling approach for estimating total mortality for Italy during the First and Second World Wars}}
		,
	author={{
			DAJdanov
		} and {
			DAGlei
		} and {
			D
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Genus}}
		
			LXVI
			1
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparison of the Gompertz and Weibull functions as descriptors for human mortality distributions and their intersections}}
		,
	author={{
			DAJuckett
		} and {
			BRosenberg
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Mechanisms of Ageing and Development}}
		
			,
	year={1993}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{Diverging tendencies by age in sex differentials in mortality in Italy}}
		,
	author={{
			CMaccheroni
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{South-East European Journal of Political Science}}
		
			3
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@book{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{Salute pubblica in Italia durante e dopo la guerra}}
		,
	author={{
			GMortara
		} and {
			La
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={1925}
			,
	publisher={Yale University Press}
			,
	address={Bari: G. Laterza & figli; New Haven}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ever since Gompertz}}
		,
	author={{
			SJOlshansky
		} and {
			BACarnes
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Demography}}
		
			34
			1
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{Fun with Gompertz}}
		,
	author={{
			HJPollard
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Genus}}
		
			57
			
			,
	year={1991}
		
	

}

@incollection{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{The Gompertz distribution and its applications}}
		,
	author={{
			HJPollard
		} and {
			EJValkovics
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Genus}}
		
			48
			3-4
			
			,
	year={1992}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{Demographic conditions responsible for population aging}}
		,
	author={{
			SHPreston
		} and {
			CHimes
		} and {
			MEggers
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Demography}}
		
			26
			4
			
			,
	year={1989}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Evolutionary theories of aging: confirmation of a fundamental prediction. with implications for the genetic basis and evolution of life span}}
		,
	author={{
			RERicklefs
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The American Naturalist}}
		
			152
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Biological Implications of the Weibull and Gompertz Models of Aging}}
		,
	author={{
			RERicklefs
		} and {
			AScheuerlein
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Gerontology: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES}}
		
			57
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sex Differences in Mortality}}
				
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Demography}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			MRose
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Evolutionary Biology of Aging}}
		
			,
	year={1991}
			,
	publisher={Oxford University Press}
		
	

}

@book{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			WSchaumann
		} and {
			GrandeGuerra
		}}
		
		,
	editor={Ghedina & Tassotti}
		
			,
	year={1915-18, 5 voll. 1993}
			,
	address={Bassano}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{General theory of mortality and aging. A stochastic model relates observations on aging, physio-logic decline, mortality, and radiation}}
		,
	author={{
			BLStrehler
		} and {
			ASMildvan
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Science}}
		
			132
			
			,
	year={1960}
		
	

}

@book{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{The force of mortality at ages 80 to 120}}
		,
	author={{
			ARThatcher
		} and {
			VKannisto
		} and {
			JWVaupel
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={1998}
			,
	publisher={Odense University Press}
			,
	address={Odense}
		
	

}

@book{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Theoretical Perspectives on the Evolution of Senescence}}
		,
	author={{
			SDTuljapurkar
		}}
		,
	editor={K. Wachter and C}
		
	

}

@book{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			DC
		}}
		
			,
	year={1997}
			,
	publisher={National Academy Press}
			
		
	

}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
		,
	title={{Biodemographic trajectories of longevity}}
		,
	author={{
			JVaupel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Nature}}
		
			426
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b43,
	
	
		,
	title={{Pleitropy, natural selection and the evolution of senescence}}
		,
	author={{
			GCWilliams
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Evolution}}
		
			11
			
			,
	year={1957}
		
	

}