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\def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2017-01-15 (revised: 15 January 2017)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2017-01-15} \title{Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Credit of Banks in Bangladesh} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Md. Sazzad Hossain Patwary} \affil[1]{ Begum Rokeya University, Bangladesh} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 12 December 2016 Accepted: 31 December 2016 Published: 15 January 2017} \maketitle \begin{abstract} The term agriculture is an essential organ of the economy of Bangladesh. In order to ensure long-term food security, a cost-effective, sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural system is very decisive. Agricultural sector plays an irrefutable role in achieving the overall growth and development of the economy of Bangladesh. Agricultural credit plays an inevitable role in agricultural productivity, since it has increased the quantity and quality of inputs used in production process. Timely and adequate flow of agricultural credit is tremendously important for Agricultural productivity. This paper investigates the performance of overall agricultural credit over time; evaluate the performance of agricultural credit of various types of banks in Bangladesh, Analyze performance of agricultural sub- sector and reveals status of the beneficiaries of agricultural credit. This study collected time series data from various source and analyze in a meaningful way to discover the true performance of agricultural credit of banks in Bangladesh. \end{abstract} \keywords{Bangladesh, agriculture, agricultural credit, scheduled banks.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par he term agriculture is an essential organ of the economy of Bangladesh. Agricultural sector plays an irrefutable role in achieving the overall growth and development of the economy of Bangladesh. The agricultural sector contributes 14.79\% of the country's Gross Domestic Product and 45\% of the total labor force directly involved in this sector. This sector also plays vital role in economic growth by providing inputs to agro based industries, creating employment, attracting foreign direct investment. Besides its economic importance this sector notably contributes to important social issues like food and nutrition, standard of living, poverty alleviation etc. Agriculture is a tremendously important sector when viewed from an environmental angle. Through its effect on land and water as well as on air quality and biodiversity it can have a considerable impact on environmental issue.\par Agricultural productivity depends upon many factors like fertility of soil, climate, seed quality, fertilizer, irrigation, household characteristics, rural infrastructure, labor efficiency, managerial capability, use of modern technologies etc. Besides above mentioned factors agricultural credit plays an inevitable role in agricultural productivity, since it has increased the quantity and quality of inputs used in production process. In order to ensure long-term agricultural development, the Govt. is trying to establish a purposive, cost-effective; true-user ensured agricultural credit system. Initially the Govt. supplied subsidized agricultural credit through specialized banks like Bangladesh Krishi Bank and Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank. But unfortunately due to inefficiency, corruption, bureaucratic problem, political interference the outcome was not up to the mark at all. Receptively for the last nine years all scheduled private and foreign commercial banks are incorporated under agricultural credit program as a modification of agricultural credit policy by Bangladesh Bank. Although specialized and commercial govt. bank as well as NGO \& MFIs have their decentralized branch network system in remote areas throughout the country but private and foreign commercial bank does not have that network. So, they are suggested to distribute credit facility with the affiliation of NGO and MFI. As per the policy modification of central bank, for the last nine years agricultural credit has been disbursed at union parishad office rather than bank to ensure that only genuine farmers can get the facilities. a) Objective of the study 1. To evaluate overall performance of agricultural credit of banks in Bangladesh. 2. To explore agricultural credit policy adaption by banks of Bangladesh. 3. To identify problems and challenges regarding agricultural credit of banks in Bangladesh. 4. To recommend some suggestions about problems and challenges of agricultural credit. \section[{II.}]{II.} \section[{Review of Related Literature}]{Review of Related Literature}\par Akther, Younus, Parveen and Chowdhury (2016) in a study found agricultural credit played significant role in reducing rural poverty and thus increased sustainable economic development in Bangladesh. In that study agricultural credit, rural employment, female employment, agricultural production, credit to gross domestic product and per capita income have been used as independent variables to examine the determinants of rural poverty in Bangladesh for the sample period from 1984 to 2014. The empirical estimation suggests that all the explanatory variables in the model are significant and are found to be negatively related to rural poverty. \section[{T}]{T}\par IV. Rahman, Luo and Cheng (2011) in a study investigate a strong positive correlation between agricultural credit and agricultural productivity. In that study it is found that the performance of agricultural credit of various lenders improved due policy modification including inclusion of new financial intermediaries and modification in loan disbursement methods by Bangladesh Bank. However both the allocation of credit to agriculture and target attainment had found less satisfactory. \section[{Analysis and Findings}]{Analysis and Findings}\par Alauddin and Biswas (2014) in a study explore that formal sector has flourished in recent years in disbursing agricultural credit where previously informal sector dominated the rural credit market for agriculture. A timely flow of agricultural credit can meet farmers demand to ensure agricultural productivity. Since NGOs have a stronger network throughout the country thus many local and foreign commercial banks are using these channels to provide agricultural credit.\par Sharmeen and Chowdhury ( {\ref 2013}) is a study reveal that in the last several years, the growth in the broad agricultural sectors seems steady as well as upward sloping and their contribution in GDP is quite significant. A positive correlation has been found between available agricultural credit and greater production in the context of Bangladesh, whereas, several empirical evidences have been presented here which provide both positive and weak relationship in between them.\par Ariful, Rayhan, Mahmudul and Luthful (2014) in a study found that in Bangladesh mainly NCBs and SBs are burdened with heavy classified agricultural loan. Small credits have proven viable to the poor for rural development. Proper application of rural people's effort, experience and knowledge with the help of timely and adequate flow of agricultural credit can bring prospect to rural areas.\par Tanbir Ahmed and Sarahat Salma (2011) in a study state that for efficient performance of agricultural sector, proper credit facilities and adequate support is essential both from government and private sector. It is observed that agricultural banks are able to achieve a steady growth in terms of employees, branches, deposits, loans and advances during the period 2004-2008. \section[{III.}]{III.} \section[{Methodology of the Study}]{Methodology of the Study}\par This study has been done mainly based on secondary data collected from Bangladesh Bank (BB), Bangladesh Economic Review (BER), and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) publication of various years. Secondary sources of data have been used and analyzed due to availability and accessibility. Besides these data other relevant data have also been collected from Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries, Ministry of Livestock etc. These available sources confirmed data for the year 2001 to 2016. Some cases available data of the year 2017 is also used.\par The collected time series data analyzed on the basis of overall agricultural credit performance includes its growth, share to total credit etc. Data also analyzed from the view point of lenders. Agricultural sub-sector also analyzed on the basis of target allocation and attainment. MS Excel software was applied for analyzing and presenting data in a meaningful way.\par Source: Bangladesh Bank Annual Report {\ref (2001)} {\ref (2002)} {\ref (2003)} {\ref (2004)} {\ref (2005)} {\ref (2006)} {\ref (2007)} {\ref (2008)} {\ref (2009)} {\ref (2010)} {\ref (2011)} {\ref (2012)} {\ref (2013)} {\ref (2014)} {\ref (2015)} {\ref (2016)} Generally performance of agricultural credit has been measured based on credit disbursement achievement, recovery situation and overdue as percent of outstanding overtime. In Table \hyperref[tab_0]{-} In the following Table-3, we have found the performance of various types of banks in Bangladesh. Performance is measured by overdue as percentage of outstanding. From the table, we see the performance of State owned commercial banks (SCBs) was very alarming at the beginning of the period. 15 years average overdue as percentage of outstanding of SCBs is 47.39\%. On the other hand 15 years average overdue as percentage of outstanding of State owned specialized banks (SBs) is 28.54\%. As a part of policy modification of agricultural credit, Private commercial banks (PCBs) and Foreign commercial banks (FCBs) have been providing agricultural credit since 2008. 9 years average overdue as percentage of outstanding of PCBs is 3.08\% which is very much satisfactory. On the other hand 9 years average overdue as percentage of outstanding of FCBs is only 0.02\% which shows extraordinary performance of FCBs. 87\%. Before policy modification 7 years average share of this sub-sector over total agricultural credit was 4.68\% and after policy modification 9 years average share of this sub-sector over total agricultural credit stood 8.57\%. Hence, target and actual disbursement of livestock's credit gradually increased overtime. Before policy modification 7 years average target attainment of this sub-sector was 70.49\% and after policy modification 9 years average target attainment of this sub-sector stood 92.86\%.\par Fishery's share of agricultural credit had reached maximum level at 11.25\% in 2016 while it dropped to a minimum of 1.71\% in 2003. 16 years average share of fishery over total agricultural credit is 5.37\%. Before policy modification 7 years average share of this sub-sector over total agricultural credit was 2.97\% and after policy modification 9 years average share of this sub-sector over total agricultural credit stood 7.24\%. Hence, target and actual disbursement of fishery's credit gradually increased overtime. Before policy modification 7 years average target attainment of this sub-sector was 61.23\% and after policy modification 9 years average target attainment of this sub-sector stood 90.31\%.\par In case of poverty alleviation share of agricultural credit had reached maximum level at 32.33\% in 2010 while it dropped to a minimum of 8.83\% in 2016. 16 years average share of poverty alleviation over total agricultural credit is 17.18\%. Before policy modification 7 years average target attainment of this sub-sector was 78.51\% and after policy modification 9 years average target attainment of this sub-sector stood 96.15\%.\par Other's share of agricultural credit had reached maximum level at 35.57\% in 2004 while it dropped to a minimum of 15.83\% in 2016. 16 years average share of Purchasing irrigation equipments, marketing agricultural products and other agricultural activities over total agricultural credit is 26.43\%. Hence, target and actual disbursement in this sub-sector gradually decreases overtime. Amount of agricultural credit disburse to women is also increases over time. But their share on amount of agricultural credit disbursement is not at a rate of their participation rate. That is in 2017, out of every 100 beneficiaries of agricultural credit 48 are female but out of every 100 taka disbursement they got only 29.71 taka. Same type of situation exists during 2011-16 as well. This situation reveals that there is discrimination in per head credit disbursement between male and female beneficiary. \section[{V. Major Challenges of Agricultural Credit}]{V. Major Challenges of Agricultural Credit} \section[{Conclusion and Suggestions}]{Conclusion and Suggestions}\par In order to ensure long-term food security, a cost-effective, sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural system is very decisive. Being a developing country Bangladesh has to rely on agricultural sector in every respect of economic activities. This crucial importance of agricultural sector guided us to give appropriate care and concentration towards this sector. Evaluating the performance, trends and patterns of agricultural credit over the time the following suggestions are recommended for further potentiality of agricultural credit:\par ? Banks and financial institutions should ensure the true user of agricultural credit and make sure they use the credit for true purpose. Close supervision and monitoring of the officials can improve this situation. ? Though Bangladesh Bank time to time make policies and program regarding agricultural credit but the flow of agricultural credit is too small in compare to growing need of this sector. So flow of credit should be increased in a meaningful way that ensures both quality and quantity of agricultural credit. ? Among agricultural sub-sectors, allocation of credit and target attainment should be increased in livestock and fishery. ? Financial institution should ensure timely and adequate flow of agricultural credit. For that calendar of agricultural production process should be follow. Unnecessary terms and conditions, loan processing time and documentation formalities should be reduced as much as possible. ? Financial institutions and financial services should spread at the remote and rural areas. Inclusive financing strategy and agent banking system can be a powerful weapon for that. ? Financial institutions particularly state owned financial institutions should be monitored and regulated strictly. For that accountability and responsibility should be ensure within the stakeholders. ? Financial institutions especially state owned financial institutions should be free from political interference. Zero tolerance policy should be taken for any sort of corruption and irregularities. Honest and efficient person should be place as policy maker. ? Discrimination on credit disbursement between male and female should be reduced. Special importance should be provided to women farmers.\par Proper training and awareness program should also be established. ? Group lending, crop diversification, formation of cooperatives should be encouraged to ensure the best outcome of agricultural credit and to ensure the protection of farmers from any unfortunate circumstances. ? The farmers willing for taking agricultural loan from financial institutions must be brought under insurance coverage. For that an effective agricultural insurance system should be developed with the joint collaboration of Bangladesh Bank and Insurance Development and Regulatory Authority.\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.06750902527075812\textwidth}P{0.10893501805054151\textwidth}P{0.10893501805054151\textwidth}P{0.10893501805054151\textwidth}P{0.08898916967509025\textwidth}P{0.12581227436823103\textwidth}P{0.0874548736462094\textwidth}P{0.15342960288808666\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Tk. in Billions)\\ Year\tabcellsep Disbursement (Target)\tabcellsep Disbursement (Actual)\tabcellsep Gap/ Achievement (\%)\tabcellsep Recovery\tabcellsep Total Outstanding Loan\tabcellsep Overdue\tabcellsep Overdue as percent of outstanding\\ 2001\tabcellsep 32.66\tabcellsep 30.20\tabcellsep 92.47\tabcellsep 28.78\tabcellsep 111.37\tabcellsep 67.59\tabcellsep 60.69\\ 2002\tabcellsep 33.30\tabcellsep 29.60\tabcellsep 88.89\tabcellsep 32.60\tabcellsep 115.00\tabcellsep 67.60\tabcellsep 58.80\\ 2003\tabcellsep 35.61\tabcellsep 32.78\tabcellsep 92.05\tabcellsep 35.16\tabcellsep 119.13\tabcellsep 65.26\tabcellsep 54.78\\ 2004\tabcellsep 43.79\tabcellsep 40.48\tabcellsep 92.44\tabcellsep 31.35\tabcellsep 127.06\tabcellsep 62.65\tabcellsep 49.31\\ 2005\tabcellsep 55.38\tabcellsep 49.57\tabcellsep 89.51\tabcellsep 31.71\tabcellsep 140.40\tabcellsep 57.81\tabcellsep 41.18\\ 2006\tabcellsep 58.92\tabcellsep 54.90\tabcellsep 93.18\tabcellsep 41.64\tabcellsep 153.76\tabcellsep 66.50\tabcellsep 43.27\\ 2007\tabcellsep 63.51\tabcellsep 52.93\tabcellsep 83.34\tabcellsep 46.76\tabcellsep 145.82\tabcellsep 66.35\tabcellsep 45.50\\ 2008\tabcellsep 69.75\tabcellsep 61.67\tabcellsep 88.42\tabcellsep 43.75\tabcellsep 158.49\tabcellsep 58.37\tabcellsep 36.83\\ 2009\tabcellsep 74.66\tabcellsep 69.92\tabcellsep 93.65\tabcellsep 66.14\tabcellsep 171.70\tabcellsep 60.49\tabcellsep 35.23\\ 2010\tabcellsep 84.53\tabcellsep 82.79\tabcellsep 97.94\tabcellsep 76.51\tabcellsep 199.61\tabcellsep 63.66\tabcellsep 31.89\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table - 1}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.21224366706875755\textwidth}P{0.23992762364294332\textwidth}P{0.002050663449939686\textwidth}P{0.04921592279855247\textwidth}P{0.11176115802171291\textwidth}P{0.12611580217129073\textwidth}P{0.10868516284680337\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 1 we see the\\ comparative\tabcellsep analysis\tabcellsep of\tabcellsep credit\tabcellsep disbursement\\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{achievement, recovery Table-2: Comparative analysis of Banks Total outstanding, agricultural credit disbursement, percentages of}\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{agricultural credit from total bank credits and Agricultural Credit Growth during 2001-16}\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Tk. in Billions)\\ Year\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total Bank Credit Outstanding}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Actual Disbursement of Agricultural Credit}\tabcellsep \% of Agricultural Credit from Bank Credit\tabcellsep Agricultural Credit Growth (\%)\\ 2001\tabcellsep 645.53\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 30.20\tabcellsep 4.68\tabcellsep -\\ 2002\tabcellsep 732.60\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 29.60\tabcellsep 4.04\tabcellsep -1.99\\ 2003\tabcellsep 832.60\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 32.78\tabcellsep 3.94\tabcellsep 10.74\\ 2004\tabcellsep 974.50\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 40.48\tabcellsep 4.15\tabcellsep 23.49\\ 2005\tabcellsep 1197.66\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 49.57\tabcellsep 4.14\tabcellsep 22.46\\ 2006\tabcellsep 1439.56\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 54.90\tabcellsep 3.81\tabcellsep 10.75\\ 2007\tabcellsep 1651.19\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 52.93\tabcellsep 3.21\tabcellsep -3.59\\ 2008\tabcellsep 1966.40\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 61.67\tabcellsep 3.14\tabcellsep 16.51\\ 2009\tabcellsep 2259.34\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 69.92\tabcellsep 3.09\tabcellsep 13.38\\ 2010\tabcellsep 2782.50\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 82.79\tabcellsep 2.98\tabcellsep 18.41\\ 2011\tabcellsep 3476.76\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 92.10\tabcellsep 2.65\tabcellsep 11.25\\ 2012\tabcellsep 4135.30\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 131.32\tabcellsep 3.18\tabcellsep 42.58\\ 2013\tabcellsep 4482.15\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 146.67\tabcellsep 3.27\tabcellsep 11.69\\ 2014\tabcellsep 5047.49\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 160.37\tabcellsep 3.18\tabcellsep 9.34\\ 2015\tabcellsep 7463.01\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 159.78\tabcellsep 2.14\tabcellsep -0.37\\ 2016\tabcellsep 6654.76\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 176.46\tabcellsep 2.65\tabcellsep 10.44\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: Source: Bangladesh Bank Annual Report(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) ]} \caption{\label{tab_1}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.04857142857142857\textwidth}P{0.20845238095238094\textwidth}P{0.07083333333333333\textwidth}P{0.07083333333333333\textwidth}P{0.07083333333333333\textwidth}P{0.07285714285714286\textwidth}P{0.06071428571428571\textwidth}P{0.2469047619047619\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Credit of Banks in Bangladesh}\tabcellsep \\ 2011\tabcellsep 89.86\tabcellsep 92.10\tabcellsep 102.50\tabcellsep 89.19\tabcellsep 225.99\tabcellsep 59.72\tabcellsep 26.43\\ 2012\tabcellsep 138.00\tabcellsep 131.32\tabcellsep 95.16\tabcellsep 123.59\tabcellsep 259.75\tabcellsep 60.52\tabcellsep 23.30\\ 2013\tabcellsep 141.30\tabcellsep 146.67\tabcellsep 103.80\tabcellsep 143.62\tabcellsep 310.58\tabcellsep 52.09\tabcellsep 16.77\\ 2014\tabcellsep 145.95\tabcellsep 160.37\tabcellsep 109.90\tabcellsep 170.46\tabcellsep 346.84\tabcellsep 76.12\tabcellsep 21.95\\ 2015\tabcellsep 155.50\tabcellsep 159.78\tabcellsep 102.80\tabcellsep 154.07\tabcellsep 329.37\tabcellsep 67.29\tabcellsep 20.43\\ 2016\tabcellsep 164.00\tabcellsep 176.46\tabcellsep 107.60\tabcellsep 170.56\tabcellsep 344.77\tabcellsep 56.78\tabcellsep 16.47\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2017\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XVII Issue V Version I\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( ) C\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}Table - 2}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.11809605488850772\textwidth}P{0.15527444253859346\textwidth}P{0.004009433962264151\textwidth}P{0.024785591766723843\textwidth}P{0.001457975986277873\textwidth}P{0.003644939965694683\textwidth}P{0.025879073756432246\textwidth}P{0.00874785591766724\textwidth}P{0.001093481989708405\textwidth}P{0.07071183533447685\textwidth}P{0.08456260720411664\textwidth}P{0.09039451114922813\textwidth}P{0.06123499142367067\textwidth}P{0.05759005145797599\textwidth}P{0.033897941680960546\textwidth}P{0.054309605488850776\textwidth}P{0.054309605488850776\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{banks during 2002-2016}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (Tk. in Billions)\\ Year\tabcellsep \multicolumn{9}{l}{Outstanding Agricultural Credit SCBs SBs PCBs FCBs SCBs}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Overdue SBs PCBs FCBs SCBs Overdue as \% of Outstanding SBs PCBs FCBs}\\ 2002\tabcellsep 33.46\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 66.03\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 24.17\tabcellsep 30.55\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 72\tabcellsep 46.27\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep -\\ \multicolumn{15}{l}{2003 2004 Figure-1: Table-4: Agricultural Credit Allocation and Target Attainment by Sub Categories (2001-16) 34.80 68.96 --24.19 28.4 --69.51 41.18 -37.5 73.2 --23.6 27.1 --62.9 37.02 -}\tabcellsep --\\ 2005\tabcellsep 40.89\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{81.65 Crops}\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{-Livestock 18.45}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{26.44 Fisheries -}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{-Poverty Alleviation 45.12 32.38}\tabcellsep -Others\tabcellsep -\\ 2006 Year\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{49.69 Share}\tabcellsep 85.37 Attainment\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Share}\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 28.06 Attainment\tabcellsep 25.08 Share\tabcellsep -Attainment\tabcellsep -Share\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{56.47 Attainment 29.38}\tabcellsep -Share\tabcellsep -Attainment\\ \tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep (\%)\tabcellsep (\%)\\ 2007 2001\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{49.11 45.10}\tabcellsep 85.89 83.87\tabcellsep -\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2.62\tabcellsep \tabcellsep -\tabcellsep 29.32 65.83\tabcellsep 32 2.68\tabcellsep -61.83\tabcellsep -14.27\tabcellsep 59.70\tabcellsep 37.26 65.2\tabcellsep -35.33\tabcellsep -120.33\\ 2002\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{43.11}\tabcellsep 68.64\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 3.72\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 76.92\tabcellsep 2.27\tabcellsep 62.62\tabcellsep 15.67\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 79.0\tabcellsep 35.24\tabcellsep 112.95\\ 2008 2003\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{49.57 51.77}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{98.92 90.31 16.73}\tabcellsep 4.51\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{3.01}\tabcellsep 26.33 79.57\tabcellsep 28.81 1.71\tabcellsep 0.50 47.46\tabcellsep 0.00 8.96\tabcellsep 53.12\tabcellsep 29.12 91.3\tabcellsep 2.99 32.94\tabcellsep 0.00 71.98\\ 2009 2004 2005\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{53.19 45.58 108.37 78.31 18.55 42.53 75.61}\tabcellsep 6.13 5.75\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.73}\tabcellsep 26.63 89.21 74.22\tabcellsep 29.78 2.74 2.70\tabcellsep 0.31 63.79 48.38\tabcellsep 0 13.69 9.98\tabcellsep 50.06\tabcellsep 27.48 116.8 82.8\tabcellsep 1.67 35.57 35.32\tabcellsep 87.19 0 163.37\\ 2010 2006 2007\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{60.99 40.10 128.32 77.33 21.08 43.19 75.47}\tabcellsep 5.02 5.04\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5.19}\tabcellsep 26.46 57.74 50.00\tabcellsep 32.93 4.20 4.55\tabcellsep 0.38 76.49 68.08\tabcellsep 0.00 27.62 23.71\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{43.38 108.51 25.66 111.4}\tabcellsep 1.80 23.05 23.50\tabcellsep 146.81 0.00 151.22\\ 2011 2008\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{64.36 39.95 149.37 78.82 26.62}\tabcellsep 4.80\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{3.31}\tabcellsep 25.83 54.11\tabcellsep 29.42 5.24\tabcellsep 1.25 68.14\tabcellsep 0.00 27.38\tabcellsep 40.13\tabcellsep 19.70 115.3\tabcellsep 4.70 22.62\tabcellsep 0.00 148.98\\ 2009\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{40.82}\tabcellsep 91.77\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 4.49\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 50.65\tabcellsep 4.89\tabcellsep 70.37\tabcellsep 30.90\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 116.4\tabcellsep 18.88\tabcellsep 166.12\\ 2012 2010\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{67.56 40.09 147.37 92.50 42.56}\tabcellsep 4.93\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{2.26}\tabcellsep 23.99 56.20\tabcellsep 35.22 4.83\tabcellsep 1.31 73.66\tabcellsep 0.00 32.33\tabcellsep 35.51\tabcellsep 23.90 126.8\tabcellsep 3.08 17.82\tabcellsep 0.00 161.30\\ 2013 2011 2012\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{73.63 40.04 174.47 98.58 59.78 48.55 94.86}\tabcellsep 4.64 5.86\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{2.70}\tabcellsep 24.57 58.17 75.50\tabcellsep 25.26 5.05 5.93\tabcellsep 2.26 85.48 76.32\tabcellsep 0 17.69 11.80\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{33.37 104.76 14.48 155.47}\tabcellsep 3.78 32.58 27.87\tabcellsep 124.42 0 99.44\\ 2014 2013\tabcellsep \multicolumn{8}{l}{79.07 43.87 199.42 98.41 64.01 12.29 3.83}\tabcellsep 25.39 133.06\tabcellsep 47.95 9.01\tabcellsep 2.78 104.18\tabcellsep 0.0004 11.30\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{32.11 131.27 24.04}\tabcellsep 4.34 23.53\tabcellsep 0.01 93.12\\ 2014\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{44.47}\tabcellsep 102.7\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{12.45}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 130.80\tabcellsep 8.59\tabcellsep 108.68\tabcellsep 11.62\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{167.03}\tabcellsep 22.87\tabcellsep 97.89\\ 2015 2015\tabcellsep \multicolumn{8}{l}{84.04 47.59 177.09 100.4 66.11 12.87 2.13}\tabcellsep 26.21 123.17\tabcellsep 38.94 10.35\tabcellsep 2.14 107.62\tabcellsep 0.0036 9.27\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{31.19 130.26 21.99}\tabcellsep 3.24 19.92\tabcellsep 0.17 87.49\\ 2016 2016\tabcellsep \multicolumn{8}{l}{87.16 49.27 175.08 107.3 80.24 14.81 2.29}\tabcellsep 23.02 154.31\tabcellsep 32.01 11.25\tabcellsep 1.75 118.30\tabcellsep 0.0030 8.83\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{26.41 162.90 18.28}\tabcellsep 2.18 15.83\tabcellsep 0.13 70.32\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Bangladesh Bank Annual Report (2002-2016) Source: Bangladesh Bank Annual Report (2001-2016)}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_3}Table - 3}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.045257903494176376\textwidth}P{0.10324459234608985\textwidth}P{0.2206322795341098\textwidth}P{0.08202995008319468\textwidth}P{0.0975873544093178\textwidth}P{0.11738768718801995\textwidth}P{0.18386023294509152\textwidth}} Year\tabcellsep No. of Total Beneficiary\tabcellsep No. of Female Beneficiary\tabcellsep \% of Female Beneficiary\tabcellsep Amount Disburse to Female Beneficiary\tabcellsep Actual Disbursement of Agricultural Credit\tabcellsep \% of Amount of Agricultural Credit Disburse to Female Beneficiary out of total Agricultural Credit\\ 2011\tabcellsep 2700408\tabcellsep 332334\tabcellsep 12.31\tabcellsep 7.25\tabcellsep 92.10\tabcellsep 7.87\\ 2012\tabcellsep 3036144\tabcellsep 320428\tabcellsep 10.55\tabcellsep 7.35\tabcellsep 131.32\tabcellsep 5.60\\ 2013\tabcellsep 3310024\tabcellsep 444546\tabcellsep 13.43\tabcellsep 12.45\tabcellsep 146.67\tabcellsep 8.49\\ 2014\tabcellsep 3285936\tabcellsep 589942\tabcellsep 17.95\tabcellsep 16.12\tabcellsep 160.37\tabcellsep 10.05\\ 2015\tabcellsep 3194950\tabcellsep 265562\tabcellsep 8.31\tabcellsep 9.00\tabcellsep 159.78\tabcellsep 5.63\\ 2016\tabcellsep 3426130\tabcellsep 1519578\tabcellsep 44.35\tabcellsep 44.80\tabcellsep 176.46\tabcellsep 25.38\\ 2017\tabcellsep 3856635\tabcellsep 1847065\tabcellsep 47.89\tabcellsep 62.40\tabcellsep 209.98\tabcellsep 29.71\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Source: Bangladesh Bank's Agricultural \& Rural Credit Policy and Programme (2011-2017)}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table - 5}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{-} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_6}Table - 5}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2017 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \footnote{( )2017CPerformance Evaluation of Agricultural Credit of Banks in Bangladesh} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[ Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)]{b8}\label{b8} \textit{}, \textit{Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)} \bibitem[ Bangladesh Bank Annual Report ()]{b6}\label{b6} \textit{}, \textit{Bangladesh Bank Annual Report} 2001-2016. \bibitem[ Agricultural & Rural Credit Policy and Programme ()]{b7}\label{b7} \textit{}, \textit{Agricultural \& Rural Credit Policy and Programme} 2011-2017. \bibitem[Alauddin and Biswas ()]{b0}\label{b0} ‘Agricultural Credit in Bangladesh: Trends, Patterns, Problems and Growth Impacts’. Md Alauddin , Jyotirmay Biswas . \textit{The Jahangirnagar Economic Review} 2014. 25 p. . \bibitem[Sharmeen and Chowdhury ()]{b2}\label{b2} ‘Agricultural Growth and Agricultural Credit in the context of Bangladesh’. K Sharmeen , S T Chowdhury . \textit{Bangladesh Research Publications Journal} 2013. 8 p. . \bibitem[Akther et al. ()]{b4}\label{b4} ‘Does Agricultural Credit Play Any Role in Reducing Rural Poverty in Bangladesh? Research Department’. M Akther , D S Younus , F Parveen , M M I Chowdhury . Bangladesh Bank. WP No. 2016. 1604 p. . \bibitem[Islam et al. ()]{b3}\label{b3} ‘Importance of agricultural credit for rural development of Bangladesh: A descriptive approach’. M A Islam , M R Islam , M H Siddiqui , L Karim . \textit{International Journal of Economics} 2014. 2 p. . (Finance and Management Sciences.) \bibitem[Ministry of Finance]{b9}\label{b9} \textit{Ministry of Finance}, (Dhaka, Bangladesh) \bibitem[Chowdhury and Chowdhury ()]{b5}\label{b5} ‘Performance Evaluation of Agricultural Banks in Bangladesh’. D T A Chowdhury , M S S Chowdhury . \textit{International Journal of Business and Management} 2011. 6 p. . \bibitem[Rahman et al. ()]{b1}\label{b1} ‘Policies and performances of agricultural/rural credit in Bangladesh: What is the influence on agricultural production?’. M W Rahman , J Luo , E Cheng . \textit{African Journal of Agricultural Research} 2011. 6 (31) p. . \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}