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\def\makelabel##1{\upshape ##1}}% } {\end{list}\end{raggedright}} \newenvironment{specHead}[2]% {\vspace{20pt}\hrule\vspace{10pt}% \phantomsection\label{#1}\markright{#2}% \pdfbookmark[2]{#2}{#1}% \hspace{-0.75in}{\bfseries\fontsize{16pt}{18pt}\selectfont#2}% }{} \def\TheFullDate{2015-05-15 (revised: 15 May 2015)} \def\TheID{\makeatother } \def\TheDate{2015-05-15} \title{Workforce Bullying: Prevalence and its Impact on Wellbeing of Employees} \author{}\makeatletter \makeatletter \newcommand*{\cleartoleftpage}{% \clearpage \if@twoside \ifodd\c@page \hbox{}\newpage \if@twocolumn \hbox{}\newpage \fi \fi \fi } \makeatother \makeatletter \thispagestyle{empty} \markright{\@title}\markboth{\@title}{\@author} \renewcommand\small{\@setfontsize\small{9pt}{11pt}\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@ \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@ \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@ \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini \topsep 2\p@ plus1\p@ minus1\p@ \parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@ \itemsep 1pt} } \makeatother \fvset{frame=single,numberblanklines=false,xleftmargin=5mm,xrightmargin=5mm} \fancyhf{} \setlength{\headheight}{14pt} \fancyhead[LE]{\bfseries\leftmark} \fancyhead[RO]{\bfseries\rightmark} \fancyfoot[RO]{} \fancyfoot[CO]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[LO]{\TheID} \fancyfoot[LE]{} \fancyfoot[CE]{\thepage} \fancyfoot[RE]{\TheID} \hypersetup{citebordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,linkbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,urlbordercolor=0.75 0.75 0.75,bookmarksnumbered=true} \fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} \date{} \usepackage{authblk} \providecommand{\keywords}[1] { \footnotesize \textbf{\textit{Index terms---}} #1 } \usepackage{graphicx,xcolor} \definecolor{GJBlue}{HTML}{273B81} \definecolor{GJLightBlue}{HTML}{0A9DD9} \definecolor{GJMediumGrey}{HTML}{6D6E70} \definecolor{GJLightGrey}{HTML}{929497} \renewenvironment{abstract}{% \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}\raggedright \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt \textcolor{GJBlue}{\large\bfseries\abstractname\space} }{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Priyanka Panday} \affil[1]{ chandigarh university} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 14 April 2015 Accepted: 1 May 2015 Published: 15 May 2015} \maketitle \begin{abstract} Purpose: This paper examines the prevalence of workforce bullying in BPO- ITES services in Punjab region. Direct and indirect effects on physical and emotional wellbeing of employee. Further, the paper investigates the effectiveness of organizational initiatives against bullying and its impact on overall satisfaction of the employees. Method: Data were collected from 130 employees in seven ITES-BPO service organizations in the state of Punjab. The research instrument was a questionnaire in three parts. The first section included the participants' demographic information; the other variables were measured in four categories: psychologically violent behaviours, workload, organizational effects and stress. \end{abstract} \keywords{workplace bullying, satisfaction, organizational support, emotional well being.} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par he BPO industry is about a decade old in India. BPO is the fastest growing section of the Indian information technology (IT) -BPO sector {\ref (NASSCOM, 2009)}. Over the last decade, the BPO industry has grown at a fastest pace. Presently outsourcing industry in India indirectly employs 3.5 million employees and accounts for 6.6\% of the GDP in India {\ref (NASSCOM 2015)}. BPO exports from India grew from 16bn\$ in 2011-12 to 24bn \$ in 2014-15.The call centre industry in India is located within the country's emerging ITES-BPO (Information Technology Enabled Services-Business Process Outsourcing) sector which encompasses the off shoring and outsourcing of such processes that can be enabled with information technology (IT). This sector has demonstrated impressive and consistent growth over time, even in Year 2015 ( ) A Abstract-Purpose: This paper examines the prevalence of workforce bullying in BPO-ITES services in Punjab region. Direct and indirect effects on physical and emotional wellbeing of employee. Further, the paper investigates the effectiveness of organizational initiatives against bullying and its impact on overall satisfaction of the employees.\par Method: Data were collected from 130 employees in seven ITES-BPO service organizations in the state of Punjab. The research instrument was a questionnaire in three parts. The first section included the participants' demographic information; the other variables were measured in four categories: psychologically violent behaviours, workload, organizational effects and stress. Findings: Of these, 35 employees were classified as bullied, as they had experienced at least two negative acts per week over the last 6 months.\par Correlations revealed strong relationships between the work factors and bullying. Regression showed that dissatisfaction with the job and stress is regressing strongly with the other organizational factors. Targets consistently gave lower ratings than non-targets of the effectiveness of organizational initiatives to address bullying.\par Implications: Workplace bullying is a measurable problem that negatively affects the psychology.\par There is scant research on workplace factors that may reduce bullying and buffer its negative effects.\par Author ? ?: Research scholar (USB) Asst. professor Chandigarh university Apex institute of management Gharuan (Mohali) Chandigarh university (mohali). e-mail: Priyanka.pandey13@gmail.com spite of the 2008 global financial crisis. The study was conducted in BPO sector because of its high attrition rate. The relevance in the present context is considerable due to retention and stressful work environment related issues in the BPO and ITES industry.\par The review of literature revealed that there is an apparent dearth of studies on prevalence of workforce bullying especially in Indian population. The issue of bullying at the workplace is recognized in the west as violence. Pioneering research by \hyperref[b1]{Leymann (1996)} identified a poor work environment as the key antecedent of bullying. Indeed, work environment factors may influence directly to the likelihood that bullying occurs.\par Over the past two decades, researchers have examined extensively the predictors and consequences of workforce bullying. Workforce bullying differs according to the country, its culture and the company that the person is working in. Workplace bullying has long-lasting effects on organizations and its employees. Impacts include low productivity, absenteeism and stress \hyperref[b2]{(Einarson et al. 2003}\hyperref[b1]{, Leymann, 1996)}.\par Workplace bullying is the persistent exposure to negative and aggressive behaviours, which may be psychological, verbal, or physical. Such negative behaviours are labelled as bullying when they "occur repeatedly and regularly (e.g., weekly) and over a period of time (e.g., about six months)" (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, \& Cooper, 2011). In recent decades, bullying has come to be realized as a problem that was ultimately counterproductive, (Mata, 2012) in the same way, Einarson, hoel, Zapf and cooper(2011) suggested that exposure to bullying had been claimed to be a more devastating problem for employees than any other work related stress put together.\par In a study conducted via in depth interviews of Indian workers who were target of workplace bullying, Premila D'cruz and Ernesto Noronha concluded that human resource managers created "an environment in which bullying remains unchallenged, actually encouraged in indirect way." Organizational factors play a very important role in creating such environment which is encouraging for bullies (D'cruz and Noronha 2009).\par Harrington et al. (2014) recently found similar results in the UK. This finding emphasises the importance of the work environment in validating and sustaining bullying activity (Salin and Hoel, 2011).\par Addressing specific work environment issues could work against prevalence of bullying.\par According to statistics, 81 per cent bullies are bosses. Many people become bullies through job pressure but also can resort to bullying because they lack self-esteem or find it an escapist's way of correcting their personality flaws by grasping for power which they believe is theirs. Beneath the combative veneer all bullies are cowards and liars". (The Hindu). \section[{II.}]{II.} \section[{Objectives of the Study}]{Objectives of the Study}\par On the basis of the literature review and research gap analysis, the following objective was formulated: 1. To examine the prevalence of workforce bullying in Indian BPO-ITES sector. 2. To study the relationship between workforce bullying its impact on physical and emotional wellbeing and overall satisfaction of the employee in the organization.\par III. \section[{Research Methodology a) Data source and sample frame}]{Research Methodology a) Data source and sample frame}\par The research study, being empirical in nature, relied on primary source of data. The target population for the study consists of staff of BPOs of Punjab and Haryana. The study employed the use of self-structured questionnaire to collect the required primary data. Descriptive statistical analysis technique was employed to obtain useful summary of responses. Simple random sampling is used and total sample population hundred employees.\par This research will cover the aspects related to the activities which explain the prevalence of bullying. The data was collected from lower level of employees as the target group of the study. This research took a period of two months during which data was collected from the field, organized, analysed and presented in analytic form. The significance of this study is to find that which motivators affect the performance of employees the most. Therefore findings of this study will provide important information to decision makers and human resource managers to formulate the policies to deal with this problem which is playing a significant role in making work environment stressful and affecting overall productivity. The results of the study will also add to the existing body of knowledge on the issue of workforce bullying and its impact on organizational productivity. \section[{b) Data analysis and presentation}]{b) Data analysis and presentation}\par The data collected was processed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS). The survey results were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study is shown in the tables, percentage charts and graphs. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis were used for the study. The variables of interest to the researcher were prevalence of workforce bullying and effect on stress level was analysed. The following table shows the frequency distribution of the data. \section[{c) Measures}]{c) Measures}\par A questionnaire was prepared to study the prevalence of workforce bullying and its relation with stress and wellbeing of the employees. The questionnaire was started with information relating to the demographic profile of the respondents, i.e. age, gender, experience in the present organization and familiarity with the workforce bullying. The items to know the prevalence of workforce bullying was scored on 5 point Likert scale according to the following response categories (1= never, 2 A few times, S= sometimes, O= often, 5= very often). The items to know the satisfaction level was also recorded on same scale according to the following categories (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree).\par IV. \section[{Finding and Observation a) Descriptive statistics}]{Finding and Observation a) Descriptive statistics}\par To obtain a holistic view and summarize research data, descriptive statistics are given in the following table for the quantitative research. For all the measures used in the study table shows the means In the above data mean clearly shows that respondents are agreed with the fact that they sometimes or a few times feel bullied in the organization. Which affects their overall performance and stress level but people have not openly indicated that as mean value lies near neutral. Standard deviation of the above data is less than 1 case of maximum variable which support that data is normal. Above table is showing regression analysis in which dissatisfaction of employee has been taken as dependent factor and others as independent factors. Dependent factor is regressing by 73\%. This table provides the R and R2 values. The R value represents the simple correlation and is 0.730 (the "R" Column), which indicates a high degree of correlation. The R2 value (the "R Square" column) indicates how much of the total variation in the dependent variable, satisfaction can be explained by the other independent variable. In this case, 73\% can be explained, which is very large. This table indicates that the regression model predicts the dependent variable significantly well. Here, p < 0.0005, which is less than 0.05, and indicates that, overall, the regression model statistically significantly predicts the outcome variable (i.e., it is a good fit for the data). \section[{d) Validity of measures}]{d) Validity of measures}\par To check the adequacy of sampling measures Kaiser-Meyer Olkin(KMO and Bartlett's test was adopted. e) Findings Participants were employed in India's international-facing call centres which are housed in foreign or Indian MNC organizations and form an important constituent of the country's ITES-BPO sector.\par V. \section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par Scientific research on workplace bullying is fairly new but is gaining more attention in both international and Indian research communities. WB as a severe form of workplace abuse must be dealt with on a wider scale in the 21st century. We are encouraged by the depth and breadth of academic research emerging on the topic in the last 20 years. Researchers can build on the findings of this study to assist development of theory about bullying in both and especially in the service sector environment. The results can also help organisations and individuals identify and eradicate bullying in the workplace by creating environments based on dignity and respect for all. This paper has considered the impact of bullying on the individual who experiences it as traumatic or who has ongoing or previous trauma in their life for which the bullying magnifies the trauma experience. The weakness of current policies and lack of management training is likely contributing to the trauma employees experience when subject to protracted and extreme bullying. The researcher is of the opinion that decision makers have to conceive and implement anti bullying policies which will have as prerogatives the prevention and control of workplace bullying,\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.20536912751677852\textwidth}P{0.49060402684563764\textwidth}P{0.15402684563758387\textwidth}} Measure\tabcellsep Item\tabcellsep Frequency\\ gender\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep 78\\ \tabcellsep Female\tabcellsep 40\\ Job experience\tabcellsep 0-5 years\tabcellsep 80\\ \tabcellsep 6-10 years\tabcellsep 22\\ \tabcellsep 11-15 years\tabcellsep 13\\ \tabcellsep 16 years or more\tabcellsep 2\\ Age group\tabcellsep 20-30\tabcellsep 75\\ \tabcellsep 30-40\tabcellsep 24\\ \tabcellsep 40-50\tabcellsep 17\\ \tabcellsep 50 or above\tabcellsep 2\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.40908059023836546\textwidth}P{0.13410896708286038\textwidth}P{0.1775255391600454\textwidth}P{0.1292849035187287\textwidth}} \tabcellsep Mean\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Std. Deviation Variance}\\ Undermine work\tabcellsep 1.619\tabcellsep 1.0695\tabcellsep 1.144\\ Unjustified criticism\tabcellsep 2.492\tabcellsep 1.2247\tabcellsep 1.500\\ humiliation\tabcellsep 2.534\tabcellsep .9756\tabcellsep .952\\ Personal integrity\tabcellsep 3.169\tabcellsep 1.2697\tabcellsep 1.612\\ sarcasm\tabcellsep 3.093\tabcellsep 1.2471\tabcellsep 1.555\\ jokes\tabcellsep 3.034\tabcellsep 1.2190\tabcellsep 1.486\\ demoralize\tabcellsep 3.000\tabcellsep 1.1398\tabcellsep 1.299\\ Gossips and rumours\tabcellsep 3.017\tabcellsep 1.2675\tabcellsep 1.607\\ Withholding information\tabcellsep 3.008\tabcellsep 1.2018\tabcellsep 1.444\\ Refusal of application\tabcellsep 3.153\tabcellsep 1.2028\tabcellsep 1.447\\ Being ignored\tabcellsep 3.059\tabcellsep 1.2285\tabcellsep 1.509\\ Unreasonable pressure\tabcellsep 2.958\tabcellsep 1.1723\tabcellsep 1.374\\ Impossible deadlines\tabcellsep 3.220\tabcellsep 1.0792\tabcellsep 1.165\\ Shifting goal post\tabcellsep 3.203\tabcellsep 1.1137\tabcellsep 1.240\\ Under valuing efforts\tabcellsep 3.169\tabcellsep 1.0963\tabcellsep 1.202\\ Verbal threats\tabcellsep 3.144\tabcellsep 1.0960\tabcellsep 1.201\\ teasing\tabcellsep 3.288\tabcellsep 1.0468\tabcellsep 1.096\\ violence\tabcellsep 3.186\tabcellsep 1.1090\tabcellsep 1.230\\ anger\tabcellsep 3.356\tabcellsep 1.0421\tabcellsep 1.086\\ Negative effect on work\tabcellsep 2.246\tabcellsep 1.3135\tabcellsep 1.725\\ Lowered self confidence\tabcellsep 2.924\tabcellsep 1.0634\tabcellsep 1.131\\ Dissatisfied with the job\tabcellsep 2.915\tabcellsep 1.1441\tabcellsep 1.309\\ absenteeism\tabcellsep 3.042\tabcellsep 1.1124\tabcellsep 1.238\\ Emotional health\tabcellsep 3.000\tabcellsep 1.1911\tabcellsep 1.419\\ Physical health\tabcellsep 3.076\tabcellsep 1.0951\tabcellsep 1.199\\ Changing job\tabcellsep 3.169\tabcellsep 1.1040\tabcellsep 1.219\\ Increased stress level\tabcellsep 3.119\tabcellsep 1.3085\tabcellsep 1.712\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.0003898188488878697\textwidth}P{0.1715202935106627\textwidth}P{0.22726438890162806\textwidth}P{0.001754184819995414\textwidth}P{0.0019490942444393487\textwidth}P{0.0021440036688832836\textwidth}P{0.0037032790644347625\textwidth}P{0.017736757624398074\textwidth}P{0.0038981884888786974\textwidth}P{0.005067645035542307\textwidth}P{0.007601467553313459\textwidth}P{0.0011694565466636093\textwidth}P{0.024558587479935796\textwidth}P{0.005262554459986242\textwidth}P{0.011694565466636091\textwidth}P{0.0011694565466636093\textwidth}P{0.015202935106626918\textwidth}P{0.0003898188488878697\textwidth}P{0.021245127264388902\textwidth}P{0.0021440036688832836\textwidth}P{0.005067645035542307\textwidth}P{0.013838569135519375\textwidth}P{0.005457463884430177\textwidth}P{0.10544599862416877\textwidth}P{0.03586333409768402\textwidth}P{0.037812428342123366\textwidth}P{0.050676450355423064\textwidth}P{0.021245127264388902\textwidth}P{0.011889474891080026\textwidth}P{0.012669112588855766\textwidth}P{0.004872735611098371\textwidth}P{0.004093097913322632\textwidth}P{0.002923641366659023\textwidth}P{0.0021440036688832836\textwidth}P{0.0031185507911029578\textwidth}P{0.0033134602155468927\textwidth}P{0.0013643659711075442\textwidth}P{0.0005847282733318046\textwidth}P{0.001754184819995414\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Correlations\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep shifting\tabcellsep effect\tabcellsep low\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{humil}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{sarca}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{demor}\tabcellsep rumo\tabcellsep \tabcellsep ROA\tabcellsep ignora\tabcellsep goalpo\tabcellsep teasin\tabcellsep violan\tabcellsep ange\tabcellsep on\tabcellsep confide\tabcellsep dissatif\tabcellsep absentee\tabcellsep emotion\tabcellsep physica\tabcellsep changing\tabcellsep incresedst\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{UW UC}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{iation PI}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{sm jokes}\tabcellsep alize\tabcellsep \tabcellsep urs WI\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \&T\tabcellsep nce\tabcellsep UP ID\tabcellsep st\tabcellsep UE\tabcellsep VT\tabcellsep g\tabcellsep ce\tabcellsep r\tabcellsep work\tabcellsep nce\tabcellsep ied\tabcellsep ism\tabcellsep alheath\tabcellsep lhealth\tabcellsep job\tabcellsep resslevel\\ \tabcellsep undermine work\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{.301}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{** .107 .186}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{9}{l}{* .123 .043 .000 .099 .295}\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep .019 .102 -.033 -.060 .058 -.003 -.069 .099 -.149 .115 -.152 -.139 -.243\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep .028\tabcellsep -.081 -.128\tabcellsep -.242\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep -.096\\ \tabcellsep unjustified\tabcellsep .301\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{**}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{1 .029 .320}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{** .104 .132 .190}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{* .044 .206}\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep .221\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep .015 -.051 -.083 .001 .179 -.021 -.131 -.018 .036 -.124 -.102\tabcellsep .036\tabcellsep .010\tabcellsep -.164 -.003\tabcellsep -.151\tabcellsep -.117\\ \tabcellsep iti i humiliation\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{.107 .029}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{1 .361}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{11}{l}{** .050 -.030 .131 .311 ** .120 .090 .223 * .020 .155 .033 .027 .015 -.077 .010 .055 -.083 -.117 -.120}\tabcellsep -.092\tabcellsep .059 -.206 *\tabcellsep .082\tabcellsep -.063\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{personalintegrity .186}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{* .320}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{** .361}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{**}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{1 .195}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{* .278}\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{.071 .163 .150 .151 .076 -.007 .060 .042 .053 .062 .104 .020 .148 -.194}\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep .086 -.037\tabcellsep .092\tabcellsep .011\tabcellsep .009\tabcellsep .083\tabcellsep -.059\\ \tabcellsep sarcasm\tabcellsep \multicolumn{11}{l}{.123 .104 .050 .195}\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep \multicolumn{9}{l}{1 .093 .132 .102 .142 .178 .013 -.079 .080 .202}\tabcellsep * -.049 -.066 .012 .080 .053 -.035 -.033\tabcellsep .012\tabcellsep -.064\tabcellsep -.023 -.080\tabcellsep -.192\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep -.007\\ \tabcellsep jokes\tabcellsep \multicolumn{10}{l}{.043 .132 -.030 .278}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{** .093}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{1 -.018 -.061 .081 .165 -.076 .091 .124 .052 .015 .079 .099 .033 -.111 -.192 *}\tabcellsep .108 -.145\tabcellsep .037\tabcellsep .029 -.028\tabcellsep -.087\tabcellsep -.136\\ \tabcellsep demoralize\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{.000 .190}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{11}{l}{* .131 .071 .132 -.018}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{1 -.047 -.050 .087 .079 .269}\tabcellsep ** .076 -.074 .185\tabcellsep * .185\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep -.100 .128 -.065 -.097 -.113 -.039\tabcellsep -.027\tabcellsep -.157 -.021\tabcellsep -.095\tabcellsep -.178\\ \tabcellsep rumors\tabcellsep \multicolumn{7}{l}{.099 .044 .311}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{11}{l}{** .163 .102 -.061 -.047}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{1 .095 .054 .224}\tabcellsep * -.120 .072 .149 .047 -.100 -.036 .065 .067 -.033 -.062 -.017\tabcellsep -.249\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep .096 -.315\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep -.045\tabcellsep -.027\\ \tabcellsep withholding information\tabcellsep .295\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{** .206}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{14}{l}{* .120 .150 .142 .081 -.050 .095}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{1 -.001 .104 .025 .038 .082 .181 .096 .073 .044 -.002 -.072 -.020 -.099}\tabcellsep -.051\tabcellsep .018 -.195\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep -.143\tabcellsep -.185\tabcellsep *\\ \tabcellsep refuasal of application\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{.019 .221}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{16}{l}{* .090 .151 .178 .165 .087 .054 -.001}\tabcellsep 1 .069 -.038 .086 .213\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep .006 .029 .080 .235\tabcellsep * .134 -.116\tabcellsep .023\tabcellsep .171\tabcellsep -.011 -.310\tabcellsep **\tabcellsep .043\tabcellsep -.200\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep -.175\\ \tabcellsep being ignored\tabcellsep \multicolumn{8}{l}{.102 .015 .223}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{13}{l}{* .076 .013 -.076 .079 .224 * .104 .069}\tabcellsep 1 -.081 .119 .116 -.020 .152 -.033 -.008 .077 -.036\tabcellsep .003 -.142\tabcellsep -.158\tabcellsep -.199\tabcellsep *\tabcellsep -.156\tabcellsep -.039\tabcellsep .150\\ \tabcellsep unresonable\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.033 -.051 .020 -.007 -.079 .091 .269 ** -.120 .025 -.038 -.081}\tabcellsep 1 .028 -.150 .065 .131 .121 .000 -.155 -.121 -.099 -.219 *\tabcellsep -.077\tabcellsep .153 -.024\tabcellsep .025\\ 10\tabcellsep \multicolumn{22}{l}{impossibledeadl i shifting goal post .058 .001 .033 .042 .202 -.060 -.083 .155 .060 .080 .124 .076 .072 .038 .086 .119 .028 * .052 -.074 .149 .082 .213 * .116 -.150 -.059 1 -.059 .048 -.034 -.095 .094 .082 -.039 1 .035 -.136 .037 .135 .106 -.029}\tabcellsep .000 -.012 .085 .054\tabcellsep -.058 -.166\tabcellsep .086 -.094 .077 -.160\tabcellsep .019 -.133\tabcellsep -.097 -.122\\ \tabcellsep undervaluing effort\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.003 .179 .027 .053 -.049 .015 .185 * .047 .181 .006 -.020 .065 .048 .035}\tabcellsep 1 .022 .046 .262 ** .029 .125 -.018\tabcellsep .093\tabcellsep -.076\tabcellsep .052 -.025\tabcellsep -.017\tabcellsep -.098\\ \tabcellsep verbal threats\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.069 -.021 .015 .062 -.066 .079 .185 * -.100 .096 .029 .152 .131 -.034 -.136 .022}\tabcellsep 1 .068 .027 .000 -.096 -.086 -.092\tabcellsep .093\tabcellsep -.052\tabcellsep .012\tabcellsep -.006\tabcellsep .012\\ \tabcellsep teasing\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{.099 -.131 -.077 .104 .012 .099 -.100 -.036 .073 .080 -.033 .121 -.095 .037 .046 .068}\tabcellsep 1 .233 * .328 ** -.095\tabcellsep .173 -.136\tabcellsep .026\tabcellsep .014 -.019\tabcellsep -.191 *\tabcellsep .006\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{22}{l}{physicalviolance -.149 -.018 .010 .020 .080 .033 .128 .065 .044 .235 * -.008 .000 .094 .135 .262 ** .027 .233 *}\tabcellsep 1 .157 .015\tabcellsep .027 -.014\tabcellsep -.097\tabcellsep -.019\tabcellsep .009\tabcellsep .093\tabcellsep .002\\ \tabcellsep anger\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{.115 .036 .055 .148 .053 -.111 -.065 .067 -.002 .134 .077 -.155 .082 .106 .029 .000 .328 ** .157}\tabcellsep 1 -.058\tabcellsep .056 -.003\tabcellsep -.168\tabcellsep -.151 -.069\tabcellsep -.068\tabcellsep .038\\ \tabcellsep negative affect on work\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.152 -.124 -.083 -.194 * -.035 -.192 * -.097 -.033 -.072 -.116 -.036 -.121 -.039 -.029 .125 -.096 -.095 .015 -.058}\tabcellsep 1 .264 ** .423 **\tabcellsep .104\tabcellsep .213 * .278 **\tabcellsep .124\tabcellsep .072\\ \tabcellsep lowered selfconfidence\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.139 -.102 -.117 .086 -.033 .108 -.113 -.062 -.020 .023 .003 -.099 .000 .085 -.018 -.086 .173 .027 .056 .264 **}\tabcellsep 1 .276 **\tabcellsep .335 **\tabcellsep .236 * .196 *\tabcellsep .113\tabcellsep .234 *\\ \tabcellsep dissatified with the job\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.243 003 .423 ** .276 **}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .365 **\tabcellsep .182 * .210 *\tabcellsep .269 **\tabcellsep -.033\\ \tabcellsep absenteeism\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{.028 .010 -.092 .092 -.064 .037 -.027 -.249 ** -.051 -.011 -.158 -.077 -.058 -.166 -.076 .093 .026 -.097 -.168 .104 .335 ** .365 **}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .110 .306 **\tabcellsep .154\tabcellsep .020\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{22}{l}{emotional heath -.081 -.164 .059 .011 -.023 .029 -.157 .096 .018 -.310}\tabcellsep .110\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .046\tabcellsep .253 **\tabcellsep .066\\ \tabcellsep physical health\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.128 -.003 -.206 .306 **}\tabcellsep .046\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .194 *\tabcellsep .328 **\\ \tabcellsep changing job\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.242 ** -.151 .082 .083 -.192 * -.087 -.095 -.045 -.143 -.200 * -.039 .025 .019 -.133 -.017 -.006 -.191 * .093 -.068 .124}\tabcellsep .113 .269 **\tabcellsep .154\tabcellsep .253 ** .194 *\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep .246 **\\ \tabcellsep incresed stress level\tabcellsep \multicolumn{21}{l}{-.096 -.117 -.063 -.059 -.007 -.136 -.178 -.027 -.185 * -.175 .150 -.114 -.097 -.122 -.098 .012 .006 .002 .038 .072 .234 * -.033}\tabcellsep .020\tabcellsep .066 .328 **\tabcellsep .246 **\tabcellsep 1\\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{15}{l}{**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \multicolumn{15}{l}{*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: ** .036 -.120 -.037 .012 -.145 -.039 -.017 -.099 .171 -.142 -.219 * -.012 .054 .093 -.092 -.136 -.014 -.** -.199 * .153 .086 .077 .052 -.052 .014 -.019 -.151 .213 * .236 * .182 * * .009 -.080 -.028 -.021 -.315 ** -.195 * .043 -.156 -.024 -.094 -.160 -.025 .012 -.019 .009 -.069 .278 ** .196 * .210 *]} \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.007456140350877193\textwidth}P{0.2087719298245614\textwidth}P{0.24605263157894738\textwidth}P{0.11929824561403508\textwidth}P{0.14912280701754385\textwidth}P{0.04473684210526315\textwidth}P{0.07456140350877193\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ANOVA a\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Model\tabcellsep Sum of Squares\tabcellsep Df\tabcellsep Mean Square\tabcellsep F\tabcellsep Sig.\\ \tabcellsep Regression\tabcellsep 81.723\tabcellsep 26\tabcellsep 3.143\tabcellsep 4.004\tabcellsep .000 b\\ 1\tabcellsep Residual\tabcellsep 71.430\tabcellsep 91\tabcellsep .785\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 153.153\tabcellsep 117\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{demonstrates} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.4243884892086331\textwidth}P{0.04851318944844125\textwidth}P{0.1292326139088729\textwidth}P{0.0786810551558753\textwidth}P{0.014268585131894483\textwidth}P{0.04606714628297362\textwidth}P{0.06971223021582734\textwidth}P{0.039136690647482014\textwidth}} \multicolumn{7}{l}{Workforce Bullying: Prevalence and its Impact on Wellbeing of Employees}\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep that the value is .520\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{which indicates that factor analysis is appropriate}\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{because it exceeds the minimum requirement}\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{of.50.validity of measures checked by confirmatory}\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{factor analysis.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2015\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 11\\ \multicolumn{7}{l}{A Principal Axis Factor (PAF) with a Varimax rotation of the 17 Likert scale questions from this attitude survey questionnaire was conducted on data gathered from 118 participants. All variables have been clubbed KMO and Bartlett's Test has been clubbed into variable 2 and 1 respectively. Variable 15,17,18,19 is now part of component 6 same as variable 22 and 13 is the part of component 3 and 4 respectively. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .520 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 591.894 Df 351 Sig. .000}\tabcellsep Volume XV Issue XIII Version I\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{into six components. Variable 1, 2, 4 and 3, 7, 21, 23}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( ) A\\ Undermine work Unjustified criticism Humiliation Personal integrity Sarcasm Jokes Demoralize Gossipsandrumours Withholding information Refusal of application Being ignored Unreasonable pressure Impossible deadlines Shifting goalpost Undervaluing effort\tabcellsep 1 .145 -.109 .539 .088 .103 -.147 -.005 .638 .209 -.107 .446 -.008 .261 .238 .038\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Rotated Component Matrix Component 2 3 4 .539 -.274 .024 .570 -.310 .129 .330 .264 -.041 .739 .211 -.055 .313 -.162 .235 .460 .004 -.273 .074 -.199 -.297 .145 .142 .274 .456 -.051 -.032 .253 -.354 .244 .069 -.001 .069 -.029 .064 -.673 .048 .191 -.072 .091 -.118 .423 .047 .045 -.018}\tabcellsep 5 -.320 .171 .146 .095 .136 .066 .558 .053 .019 .434 -.020 .200 .304 .115 .549\tabcellsep 6 -.030 -.235 -.120 .118 .098 .167 -.237 -.003 .003 .252 .077 -.062 .008 .269 .006\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\ Verbal threats\tabcellsep -.082\tabcellsep .067\tabcellsep .003\tabcellsep -.450\tabcellsep .134\tabcellsep .054\\ Teasing\tabcellsep -.080\tabcellsep .089\tabcellsep -.034\tabcellsep -.218\tabcellsep -.064\tabcellsep .765\\ Physical violence\tabcellsep .066\tabcellsep -.122\tabcellsep .031\tabcellsep -.015\tabcellsep .571\tabcellsep .475\\ Anger\tabcellsep .161\tabcellsep .036\tabcellsep -.118\tabcellsep .174\tabcellsep .019\tabcellsep .586\\ Negative effect on work\tabcellsep -.227\tabcellsep -.267\tabcellsep .334\tabcellsep .427\tabcellsep .149\tabcellsep -.112\\ Lowered self confidence\tabcellsep -.345\tabcellsep .123\tabcellsep .468\tabcellsep .241\tabcellsep -.042\tabcellsep .355\\ Dissatisfied with the job\tabcellsep -.396\tabcellsep -.042\tabcellsep .303\tabcellsep .569\tabcellsep .314\tabcellsep -.154\\ Absenteeism\tabcellsep -.622\tabcellsep .267\tabcellsep .290\tabcellsep .056\tabcellsep -.072\tabcellsep -.101\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep © 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_6}Table demonstrates}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{6} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.5511290322580645\textwidth}P{0.052096774193548384\textwidth}P{0.052096774193548384\textwidth}P{0.04387096774193548\textwidth}P{0.04935483870967742\textwidth}P{0.052096774193548384\textwidth}P{0.04935483870967742\textwidth}} Emotional health\tabcellsep .037\tabcellsep .017\tabcellsep .684\tabcellsep -.028\tabcellsep -.028\tabcellsep -.049\\ Physical health\tabcellsep -.634\tabcellsep -.070\tabcellsep .210\tabcellsep .058\tabcellsep -.005\tabcellsep .031\\ Changing job\tabcellsep -.070\tabcellsep -.147\tabcellsep .652\tabcellsep -.019\tabcellsep .061\tabcellsep -.140\\ Increased stress level\tabcellsep -.085\tabcellsep -.195\tabcellsep .342\tabcellsep .052\tabcellsep -.339\tabcellsep .215\\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{3}{l}{Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{a. Rotation converged in 8 iterations.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_7}Table 6 :}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[D'cruz and Noronha]{b8}\label{b8} ‘Ambivalence: Employee responses to depersonalized bullying at work’. P D'cruz , E Noronha . \textit{Economic and Industrial Democracy} (forthcoming) \bibitem[D'cruz and Noronha ()]{b9}\label{b9} ‘Breathers, releases, outlets and pauses: Employee resistance in the context of depersonalized bullying’. P D'cruz , E Noronha . \url{http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR18/dcruz72.pdf} \textit{The Qualitative Report} 2013. 18 (72) p. . \bibitem[Einarson et al. ()]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace}, S Einarson , H Hoel , C L Zapf , Cooper . 2003. London: Taylor \& Francis. \bibitem[D'cruz and Noronha ()]{b7}\label{b7} ‘Clarifying my world: Identity work in the context of workplace bullying’. P D'cruz , E Noronha . \url{http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR17/dcruz.pdf} \textit{The Qualitative Report} 2012. 17 p. . \bibitem[D'cruz and Noronha ()]{b5}\label{b5} ‘Experiencing depersonalized bullying: A study of Indian call center agents’. P D'cruz , E Noronha . \textit{Work Organization, Labor and Globalization} 2009. 3 p. . \bibitem[Leymann and Gustafsson ()]{b0}\label{b0} ‘Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders’. H Leymann , A Gustafsson . \textit{European Journal of Work Organizational Psychology} 1996. 5 (2) p. . \bibitem[D'cruz and Noronha ()]{b6}\label{b6} ‘Protecting my interests: Target coping with workplace bullying’. P D'cruz , E Noronha . \url{http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR15-3/dcruz.pdf} \textit{The Qualitative Report} 2010. 15 p. . \bibitem[Taru ()]{b3}\label{b3} B Taru . \textit{the workforce bullies. The Hindu}, 2003. \bibitem[Leymann ()]{b1}\label{b1} ‘The content and development of mobbing at work’. Heinz Leymann . \textit{European Journal of Work \& Organizational Psychology} 1996. 5 (2) p. . \bibitem[D'cruz ()]{b4}\label{b4} \textit{Workplace bullying in India}, P D'cruz . 2012. New Delhi, IN: Routledge. \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}