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}{% \vskip8pt \textcolor{GJMediumGrey}{\rule{\textwidth}{2pt}} \vskip16pt } \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} \makeatother \usepackage{lineno} \linenumbers \begin{document} \author[1]{Md. Joynal Abdin} \renewcommand\Authands{ and } \date{\small \em Received: 7 February 2015 Accepted: 3 March 2015 Published: 15 March 2015} \maketitle \begin{abstract} The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was officially established in December 08, 1985. The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) enter into force on July 01, 2006 under the umbrella of SAARC. From the same platform the SAARC Agreement on Trade in Services enter into force on November 29, 2012. SAARC Agreement on Promotion and Protection of Investment is yet to be finalized and enter into force. In the meantime 30 years gone. SAARC is the home of 21% (1.7 billion) world?s population with 9.12 % of global wealth. Combined SAARC is the third largest economy of the world. But a significant number of world?s poor people are living in this region. With its diverse landscape and variety of natural resources SAARC has every potential for economic development and poverty alleviation within shortest possible time. To achieve this objective SAARC leaders has to be committed for further economic integration under this common platform. Employment generation and entrepreneurship development could be an effective weapon in this regard. To generate employment for such a huge amount of population huge investment is needed. Intra SAARC investment promotion as well as attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) could be the one of the best options. SAARC Agreement on Promotion and Protection of Investment has to be enter into force as soon as possible. At the same time a central institution has to be established to promote FDI into the SAARC countries as per respective competitiveness, raw materials, skilled manpower etc. availability. \end{abstract} \keywords{foreign direct investment (FDI); FDI into SAARC region, intra-SAARC FDI trend; investment promotion under the umbrella of SAARC; SAARC agreement on in} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1cm,1cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\LARGE Global Journals \LaTeX\ JournalKaleidoscope\texttrademark} \end{textblock*} \begin{textblock*}{18cm}(1.4cm,1.5cm) % {block width} (coords) \textcolor{GJBlue}{\footnotesize \\ Artificial Intelligence formulated this projection for compatibility purposes from the original article published at Global Journals. However, this technology is currently in beta. \emph{Therefore, kindly ignore odd layouts, missed formulae, text, tables, or figures.}} \end{textblock*} \let\tabcellsep& \section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par he South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was officially established in December 08, 1985. But the idea for the SAARC was proposed on {\ref May 2, 1980}, by Ziaur Rahman, the then President of Bangladesh. Major objective of the SAARC is to undertake collective effort toward collective progress for the involved nations of South Asia. Current members of SAARC are the Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Since inception SAARC leaders meet 18 times and signed a long list of agreements, conventions, understandings and declarations.\par Most importantly a number of regional centers were established including the SAARC Agricultural Centre (SAC), SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC), SAARC Forestry Centre (SFC), SAARC Development Fund (SDF), SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC), SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC), SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre (SCZMC), SAARC Information Centre (SIC), SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Centre (STAC), SAARC Human Resources Development Centre (SHRDC), SAARC Energy Centre (SEC), and SAARC Cultural Centre (SCC) etc. under the umbrella of SAARC. A good number of apex bodies (professional body, trade body) were establish like SAARC Chamber of Commerce \& Industry (SCCI), South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation In Law(SAARCLAW), South Asian Federation of Accountants (SAFA), South Asia Foundation (SAF), South Asia Initiative to End Violence Against Children (SAIEVAC), and Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL) etc. under the same umbrella.\par Vital achievement of SAARC is to negotiate, sign and activate the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). It opened up our eyes to go further cooperation with visa free South Asia, South Asian Customs Union, South Asian Economic Union, South Asian Investment Forum, South Asian Common Market, South Asian Single Currency, South Asian Common Security Force, South Asian Roads and Water Transport Movement, and South Asian Free Movement of People and Goods etc.\par SAARC has potentials to be a powerful regional block in near future if our political leaders become wise, liberal and compromising. SAARC covers 3\% of world's geographic territories with 9.12\% of global wealth, 21\% of world's population (about 1.7 billion). Combined SAARC is the world's 3 rd largest economy after the United States and China. Coverage and capacity of SAARC could be further extended if two neighboring observers' state the Myanmar and China upgraded into full member status (may be in near future).\par Along with all the above achievements SAARC has few limitations like significant amount of world's poor populations, lack of human development initiatives, political rivalry between the member states, emergence of few trade agreement among few members countries, poor infrastructure, lack of connectivity, complex visa procedures and mistrust between the general people derived from religious extremism etc. derives from or by this frustrated poor populations. Human capacity development initiative should be the number one priority for the SAARC leaders at this moment. Employment generation and entrepreneurship development could be the best tools to overcome this severe problems of the SSARC region. It will increase combined SAARC GDP, export earnings, and ensure faster and inclusive economic growth of the region.\par Common initiative could be taken to increase investment in the SAARC region either by the entrepreneurs of SAARC member states or to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into the SAARC region. \section[{b) Objectives of this study}]{b) Objectives of this study}\par Main objective of this study is to analyze current trend of FDI into the SAARC countries. What are the potential sectors for investment in the SAARC countries, who are the investor countries, what are the challenges to increase intra SAARC FDI, How intra SAARC FDI could be further promoted under a common platform. \section[{c) Methodology}]{c) Methodology}\par This study is conducted based on the secondary data and information available in different international databases and publications. A number of research articles, study reports, working papers etc. were studied to find out the facts. \section[{d) Scope of the Work}]{d) Scope of the Work}\par Four \section[{e) Limitation of this study}]{e) Limitation of this study}\par Main limitation of this study is it contains secondary study materials only. A number of focused group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII) could be organized in each of the SAARC countries to find out the fact from the primary sources. As we have budgetary constraints and limited resources we studies only secondary materials and used information from several internationally reputed databases. \section[{f) Literature Review}]{f) Literature Review}\par The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh sent a proposal to the Heads of the States of seven South Asian countries to think about a platform of regional cooperation in November 1980. Following that proposal, Foreign Secretaries of seven South Asian countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981. That meeting was followed by the foreign ministers' meeting in New Delhi in August 1983, the adoption of the Declaration on South Asian Regional Cooperation, as well as the launching of the Integrated Program of Action (IPA), which initially addressed five areas of cooperation: (i) agriculture, (ii) rural development, (iii) telecommunications, (iv) meteorology, and (v) health and population. Two additional areas, covering (vi) scientific and technological cooperation and (vii) sports, arts and culture were added to the IPA at a later stage. At a meeting of Heads of State of Government, held in Dhaka on 7-8 December 1985, a Charter was adopted that formally to establish South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). The 1985 meeting in Dhaka is subsequently known as the first SAARC Summit \hyperref[b0]{(Abdin 2009)}.\par The SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was initiated in {\ref April 11, 1993} Due to the rival political relationship among few SAARC countries it took time to make decision and enter into force. Therefore several regional / bilateral initiatives like, APTA, BIMSTEC were signed or reinforce to offer similar free trade cooperation with few of the SAARC members states. But to be a real regional economic block SAARC has no alternative. Therefore it is time for the South Asian Leaders to make it effective and more cooperative along with investment agreement, free movement of people and goods, regional land, sea and air connectivity, transport facility, investment promotion etc. features. \section[{II.}]{II.} \section[{Fdi Inflows into the saarc Countries}]{Fdi Inflows into the saarc Countries}\par During last 10 years the largest economy of SAARC i.e. India got highest amount of FDI inflows followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The land locked countries like Nepal and Bhutan is performing poor in this regard. War affected Afghanistan's performance is extremely poor in FDI attraction. From an analytical point of view overall performance of SAARC countries in FDI attraction in comparison with Vietnam, Singapore is not well at all. \section[{a) Ranking of the SAARC countries in FDI attraction}]{a) Ranking of the SAARC countries in FDI attraction}\par If we consider total amount of FDI inflows into the SAARC countries India got 85\% of total FDI inflows into the SAARC countries. Then 85\% of the total inflows entered into India followed by Pakistan with 9\% of total FDI inflows and Bangladesh's position is 3 rd with only 3\% of total FDI inflows. \section[{b) FDI Inflows (Net) in percentage of GDP of the SAARC countries}]{b) FDI Inflows (Net) in percentage of GDP of the SAARC countries}\par Maldives is the only SAARC country attracted FDI inflow about 13\% of its total GDP. Bhutan got about 3\% of its GDP. India got 1.5\% even sometimes 3.5 \% of its GDP. Bangladesh being able to attract FDI up to 1\% of its GDP.\par From this perspective SAARC countries are performing very poor in comparison with the ASEAN countries. For example Singapore got FDI inflow about 22\% of its GDP. Vietnam got FDI inflow about 7\% of its total GDP. Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia is also doing comparatively well in FDI attraction than that of the SAARC countries.\par If a combined effort is taken under the umbrella of SAARC to establish an institute for promoting FDI into the SAARC countries and inspiring intra SAARC FDI investment then obviously SAARC countries will perform better than their current condition. c) Top 10 Sectors attracting more FDI into the SAARC Region SAARC countries are having almost similar product in their export basket, accordingly SAARC countries are trying to get investment into the same industrial sector of their own. For example Textile, clothing and readymade garment is a common industrial sector for almost all the SAARC countries like, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan everybody is trying to flourish respective garment industries and get FDI in it.\par Similarly telecommunication, IT, ICT and Tourism are the common sectors for almost every SAARC countries. For example Bangladesh, India, Afghanistan are getting highest FDI in respective telecommunication and ICT sector. At the same time Nepal, Bhutan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives are fighting to promote respective tourism sectors and attract more tourists into their spots.\par Generally it may be understand that all the SAARC countries are fighting with same industries but there are some basic differences as well. Therefore we are in need of classifying the industries based in respective competitive advantages. Allocating specialized sector for respective countries. So that, we will not be competitor rather we all countries will promote others industries as complement not supplement each other's. For example Afghanistan, Bangladesh Nepal, Bhutan, India and Pakistan have hill stations as tourist spots. But same environment is not everywhere. Pakistan, India and Nepal have snow covered hill station on the other hand Bangladeshi hill stations are ever green. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Maldives have sea beaches but Nepal, Bhutan and Afghanistan do not. So they could promote the beauty of sea beaches to the tourist used to visit hill station this year it may be happened they are planning to visit a sea beach next year. \section[{d) Sources of FDI into SAARC Countries}]{d) Sources of FDI into SAARC Countries}\par Most of the SAARC countries got FDI investment from the western countries like USA and EU member states. There are few regional like Singapore, China, Japan and Indian investments as well. \section[{a) Current economic dynamics of the SAARC Countries}]{a) Current economic dynamics of the SAARC Countries}\par SAARC is covering about 3\% of global territory with all features of the earth. There are to mountains, deep oceans, longest sea beaches, deserts, plain lands, green fields etc. Most of the SAARC countries have more than thousand dollar GDP per capita and positive growth rates. SAARC countries are till now trade deficit countries. All the SAARC countries are importing more than that of their exports. As a result united SAARC is one of the largest buyers of the globe. Most of the SAARC countries used to import capital machineries, raw materials, and chemicals. On the other hand their export basket is comparatively small and fixed with same or similar products. They must have to diversify their export basket to grow further and capture a larger portion of the global trade. e) Free movement of people and goods shall be practically encouraged by developing road, sea and air connectivity along with sufficient transports available.\par f) Special attention shall be given to identify and remove non-tariff barriers existing or upcoming in the SAARC region.\par V. \section[{Concluding Remarks}]{Concluding Remarks}\par South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has already spent plenty of time without of no use. It took comparatively longer period than that of the EU, ASEAN or even NAFTA to be effective in terms of trade and investment cooperation. A significant amount of world's poor population is living in this region. At the same time SAARC has potentials to grow faster and alleviate poverty within shortest possible time. Therefore it is our political leader's / government's turn to take decision whether they would like to drive the poor SAARC into a developed and deeply economic integrated SAARC with an effective fiscal union or let the SAARC to be further ineffective day by day.\begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{} \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_0}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.7697068403908794\textwidth}P{0.01938110749185668\textwidth}P{0.03322475570032573\textwidth}P{0.02768729641693811\textwidth}} region. Most of the criminal/terrorist/illegal occurrences Organizing SAARC Trade Fairs, and establishing SAARC\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Arbitration Council etc.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Year\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Volume XV Issue VIII Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ ( ) C\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Global Journal of Management and Business Research\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Standards, Cooperation in Avoidance of Double}\\ Taxation,\tabcellsep Customs\tabcellsep Cooperation,\tabcellsep SAARCSTAT,\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_2}}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{1} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.12029795158286777\textwidth}P{0.0664804469273743\textwidth}P{0.0633147113594041\textwidth}P{0.0680633147113594\textwidth}P{0.07439478584729982\textwidth}P{0.07597765363128492\textwidth}P{0.07281191806331472\textwidth}P{0.07756052141527002\textwidth}P{0.07597765363128492\textwidth}P{0.07597765363128492\textwidth}P{0.07914338919925512\textwidth}} Country/ Years\tabcellsep 2004\tabcellsep 2005\tabcellsep 2006\tabcellsep 2007\tabcellsep 2008\tabcellsep 2009\tabcellsep 2010\tabcellsep 2011\tabcellsep 2012\tabcellsep 2013\\ Afghanistan\tabcellsep 186.9\tabcellsep 271\tabcellsep 238\tabcellsep 188.69\tabcellsep 94.38\tabcellsep 75.73\tabcellsep 211.25\tabcellsep 83.41\tabcellsep 93.8\tabcellsep 69.29\\ Bangladesh\tabcellsep 460.4\tabcellsep 845.26\tabcellsep 792.48\tabcellsep 666.36\tabcellsep 1086.31\tabcellsep 700.16\tabcellsep 913.32\tabcellsep 1136.38\tabcellsep 1292.56\tabcellsep 1599.13\\ Bhutan\tabcellsep 8.85\tabcellsep 6.21\tabcellsep 72.16\tabcellsep 3.02\tabcellsep 19.90\tabcellsep 71.65\tabcellsep 30.80\tabcellsep 25.92\tabcellsep 21.83\tabcellsep 21.28\\ India\tabcellsep 5777.80\tabcellsep 7621.76\tabcellsep 20327.76\tabcellsep 25349.89\tabcellsep 47138.73\tabcellsep 35657.25\tabcellsep 27431.23\tabcellsep 36190.4\tabcellsep 24195.77\tabcellsep 28199.44\\ Maldives\tabcellsep 52.93\tabcellsep 73.23\tabcellsep 95.22\tabcellsep 132.43\tabcellsep 181.25\tabcellsep 157.96\tabcellsep 216.46\tabcellsep 256.46\tabcellsep 283.97\tabcellsep 325.25\\ Nepal\tabcellsep -0.41\tabcellsep 2.45\tabcellsep -6.64\tabcellsep 5.89\tabcellsep 1.01\tabcellsep 38.55\tabcellsep 86.73\tabcellsep 95.48\tabcellsep 91.97\tabcellsep 73.63\\ Pakistan\tabcellsep 1118\tabcellsep 2201\tabcellsep 4273\tabcellsep 5590\tabcellsep 5438\tabcellsep 2338\tabcellsep 2022\tabcellsep 1326\tabcellsep 859\tabcellsep 1307\\ Sri Lanka\tabcellsep 233\tabcellsep 272\tabcellsep 480\tabcellsep 603.4\tabcellsep 752.2\tabcellsep 404\tabcellsep 477.6\tabcellsep 981.1\tabcellsep 941.12\tabcellsep 915.57\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: Source: UNCTAD Start Database (http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx). Collected onAugust 6, 2015. Compiled by the author.]} \caption{\label{tab_3}Table 1 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{2} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.3478386167146974\textwidth}P{0.22046109510086453\textwidth}P{0.19596541786743515\textwidth}P{0.08573487031700289\textwidth}} Country\tabcellsep Total FDI\tabcellsep Each country\tabcellsep FDI Ranking\\ \tabcellsep Inflow\tabcellsep share\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep (2004 -2013)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Afghanistan\tabcellsep 1512.46\tabcellsep 0.49 \%\tabcellsep 6th\\ Bangladesh\tabcellsep 9492.36\tabcellsep 3.12 \%\tabcellsep 3rd\\ Bhutan\tabcellsep 281.65\tabcellsep 0.09 \%\tabcellsep 8th\\ India\tabcellsep 257890.05\tabcellsep 84.86 \%\tabcellsep 1st\\ Maldives\tabcellsep 1775.21\tabcellsep 0.58 \%\tabcellsep 5th\\ Nepal\tabcellsep 388.67\tabcellsep 0.12 \%\tabcellsep 7th\\ Pakistan\tabcellsep 26472\tabcellsep 8.71 \%\tabcellsep 2nd\\ Sri Lanka\tabcellsep 6059.99\tabcellsep 1.99 \%\tabcellsep 4th\\ Grand Total\tabcellsep 303872.39\tabcellsep 100 \%\tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled by the author based on UNCTAD Start Database.}\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_4}Table 2 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{3} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.1792022792022792\textwidth}P{0.06296296296296296\textwidth}P{0.06296296296296296\textwidth}P{0.07022792022792022\textwidth}P{0.0678062678062678\textwidth}P{0.06296296296296296\textwidth}P{0.0678062678062678\textwidth}P{0.0678062678062678\textwidth}P{0.07022792022792022\textwidth}P{0.0678062678062678\textwidth}P{0.07022792022792022\textwidth}} Country/Year\tabcellsep 2004\tabcellsep 2005\tabcellsep 2006\tabcellsep 2007\tabcellsep 2008\tabcellsep 2009\tabcellsep 2010\tabcellsep 2011\tabcellsep 2012\tabcellsep 2013\\ Afghanistan\tabcellsep 3.5\tabcellsep 4.3\tabcellsep 3.4\tabcellsep 1.9\tabcellsep 0.9\tabcellsep 1.7\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.3\\ Bangladesh\tabcellsep 0.7\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 1.0\tabcellsep 0.8\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 0.8\tabcellsep 0.7\tabcellsep 0.9\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 1.0\\ Bhutan\tabcellsep 1.3\tabcellsep 0.8\tabcellsep 0.7\tabcellsep 6.2\tabcellsep 0.2\tabcellsep 1.4\tabcellsep 4.7\tabcellsep 1.7\tabcellsep 1.3\tabcellsep 2.8\\ India\tabcellsep 0.8\tabcellsep 0.9\tabcellsep 2.1\tabcellsep 2.0\tabcellsep 3.5\tabcellsep 2.6\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 2.0\tabcellsep 1.3\tabcellsep 1.5\\ Maldives\tabcellsep 4.4\tabcellsep 4.7\tabcellsep 4.3\tabcellsep 7.6\tabcellsep 8.6\tabcellsep 7.3\tabcellsep 9.3\tabcellsep 17.2\tabcellsep 9.0\tabcellsep 13.3\\ Nepal\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep -0.1\tabcellsep 0.1\tabcellsep 0\tabcellsep 0.3\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.5\tabcellsep 0.4\\ Pakistan\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 2.0\tabcellsep 3.1\tabcellsep 3.7\tabcellsep 3.2\tabcellsep 1.4\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 0.6\tabcellsep 0.4\tabcellsep 0.6\\ Sri Lanka\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 1.1\tabcellsep 1.7\tabcellsep 1.9\tabcellsep 1.8\tabcellsep 1.0\tabcellsep 1.0\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 1.6\tabcellsep 1.4\end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_5}Table 3 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{4} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.04671445639187575\textwidth}P{0.07413381123058542\textwidth}P{0.14826762246117084\textwidth}P{0.05991636798088411\textwidth}P{0.09850657108721625\textwidth}P{0.07921146953405019\textwidth}P{0.05788530465949821\textwidth}P{0.13100358422939068\textwidth}P{0.15436081242532856\textwidth}} \multicolumn{2}{l}{Sl. Afghanistan}\tabcellsep Bangladesh\tabcellsep Bhutan\tabcellsep India\tabcellsep Maldives\tabcellsep Nepal\tabcellsep Pakistan\tabcellsep Sri Lanka\\ 1\tabcellsep Agriculture\tabcellsep Textiles,\tabcellsep Hotels\tabcellsep Unspecified\tabcellsep Tourism\tabcellsep Hydro-\tabcellsep Petroleum\tabcellsep Chemicals and\\ \tabcellsep and Related\tabcellsep clothing and\tabcellsep \tabcellsep secondary\tabcellsep \tabcellsep electricity\tabcellsep \tabcellsep chemical products\\ \tabcellsep Industries\tabcellsep leather\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{2 Construction}\tabcellsep Finance\tabcellsep Agro \&\tabcellsep Hotels and\tabcellsep Fisheries\tabcellsep Tourism\tabcellsep Finance\tabcellsep Food, beverages\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Food\tabcellsep restaurants\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep and tobacco\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{3 Telecommuni}\tabcellsep Electricity, gas\tabcellsep Financial\tabcellsep Finance\tabcellsep Transportation\tabcellsep Health\tabcellsep Chemicals\tabcellsep Metal and metal\\ \tabcellsep cations\tabcellsep and water\tabcellsep Services\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \& shipping\tabcellsep \tabcellsep and chemical\tabcellsep products\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep products\tabcellsep \\ 4\tabcellsep Transports\tabcellsep Transport,\tabcellsep IT\tabcellsep Electricity,\tabcellsep Telecommunic\tabcellsep Education\tabcellsep Motor\tabcellsep Non-metallic\\ \tabcellsep and logistics\tabcellsep storage and\tabcellsep \tabcellsep gas and\tabcellsep ation \& ICT\tabcellsep \tabcellsep vehicles and\tabcellsep mineral products\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep communica-\tabcellsep \tabcellsep water\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep other\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep tions\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep transport\tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep equipment\tabcellsep \\ 5\tabcellsep Mining\tabcellsep Non-metallic\tabcellsep Ferro Alloys\tabcellsep Construction\tabcellsep Power\tabcellsep ICT\tabcellsep Electricity,\tabcellsep Other\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep mineral\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep gas and\tabcellsep manufacturing\\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep products\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep water\tabcellsep \\ 6\tabcellsep Power\tabcellsep Chemicals and\tabcellsep Power\tabcellsep Business\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Carpets \&\tabcellsep Construction\tabcellsep Textiles, clothing\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: Nepal:Adhikari, R. (Undated). Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: Current status, prospects and challenges, South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment (SAWTEE), Working Paper No. 01/13.]} \caption{\label{tab_6}Table 4 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{5} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.656498344370861\textwidth}P{0.042922185430463576\textwidth}P{0.015480132450331125\textwidth}P{0.017591059602649006\textwidth}P{0.011961920529801325\textwidth}P{0.011961920529801325\textwidth}P{0.010554635761589402\textwidth}P{0.017591059602649006\textwidth}P{0.06543874172185431\textwidth}} \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Year 2015\\ Sl. Afghanistan 1 India 2 USA\tabcellsep Bangladesh United Arab Emirates Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)\tabcellsep Bhutan India Singapore\tabcellsep India Mauritius Singapore\tabcellsep Maldives Italy UK\tabcellsep Nepal India China\tabcellsep Pakistan USA UK\tabcellsep Sri Lanka China Hong Kong\tabcellsep Volume XV Issue VIII Version I ( )\\ \multicolumn{8}{l}{3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sources: Compiled by the author from the following sources: China United Kingdom Japan UAE United States USA The Netherlands EU member states Netherlands USA UK Egypt Japan Malaysia Cyprus South Korea Germany India France China UAE i. Alam, M.S (2012); Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis, South East Asian Journal of Contemporary Germany EU member states UAE Singapore France USA Japan Netherlands Japan South Korea Hong Kong Malaysia China Switzerland UK India KSA India Switzerland Germany Russia South Korea Norway Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 1. ii. FDI: The top 10 nations investing in India (2011), http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fdi-inflows-in-india-top-10-countries/20110908.htm\#11 iii. The Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan. Link is http://boi.gov.pk/ForeignInvestmentinPakistan.aspx (Cited on June}\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\ 25, 2015).\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: iv. Smith, S.\hyperref[b13]{(2013)}. Sri Lanka earns \$870m in Foreign Direct Investment in\hyperref[b13]{2013}, the Republic Squire. Link is http://www.therepublicsquare.com/business/2013/12/sri-lanka-receives-870-m-in-foreign-direct-investment/ v. Adhikari, R. (Undated). Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: Current status, prospects and challenges, South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment (SAWTEE), Working Paper No. 01/13. vi. Kundur, S.K. (2012). Development of Tourism in Maldives, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012. C e)]} \caption{\label{tab_7}Table 5 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{6} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.6632911392405063\textwidth}P{0.01582278481012658\textwidth}P{0.02341772151898734\textwidth}P{0.017088607594936706\textwidth}P{0.016455696202531643\textwidth}P{0.018354430379746836\textwidth}P{0.017088607594936706\textwidth}P{0.0189873417721519\textwidth}P{0.018354430379746836\textwidth}P{0.020253164556962026\textwidth}P{0.02088607594936709\textwidth}} Country / Years\tabcellsep 2004\tabcellsep 2005\tabcellsep 2006\tabcellsep 2007\tabcellsep 2008\tabcellsep 2009\tabcellsep 2010\tabcellsep 2011\tabcellsep 2012\tabcellsep 2013\\ Afghanistan\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\\ Bangladesh\tabcellsep 5.7\tabcellsep 3.3\tabcellsep 3.6\tabcellsep 21\tabcellsep 9.3\tabcellsep 29.3\tabcellsep 15.4\tabcellsep 13.04\tabcellsep 52.78\tabcellsep 32.27\\ Bhutan\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\\ India\tabcellsep 2175.36\tabcellsep 2985.48\tabcellsep 14284.9\tabcellsep 17233.76\tabcellsep 21147.36\tabcellsep 16031.3\tabcellsep 15932.52\tabcellsep 12456.13\tabcellsep 8485.699\tabcellsep 1678.743\\ Maldives\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\\ Nepal\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\tabcellsep ..\\ Pakistan\tabcellsep 56\tabcellsep 45\tabcellsep 109\tabcellsep 98\tabcellsep 49\tabcellsep 71\tabcellsep 47\tabcellsep 62\tabcellsep 82\tabcellsep 237\\ Sri Lanka\tabcellsep 6\tabcellsep 38\tabcellsep 29\tabcellsep 55\tabcellsep 61.7\tabcellsep 20\tabcellsep 42.5\tabcellsep 60\tabcellsep 63.93\tabcellsep 65.07\\ \multicolumn{11}{l}{Source: UNCTAD Start Database (http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx). Collected on August 6, 2015.}\\ \multicolumn{2}{l}{Compiled by the author.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{III. Economic and Trade Co-operation}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{under saarc}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{Till now SAARC do not have visible}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{achievements in terms of investment promotion. But I}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{think it's ground works were started in form of signing}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{and activating South Asian Free Trade Agreement}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{(SAFTA), SAARC cooperation in Standards, SAARC}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{Agreement on Trade in Services, Cooperation in}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{Avoidance of Double Taxation, SAARC Customs}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{Cooperation, Organizing SAARC Trade Fairs for several}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{times, establishment of SAARC Chamber of Commerce}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{and Industry, and SAARC Arbitration Council. Now it is}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{the time to finalize and activate Agreement on Promotion}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{and Protection of Investment among the SAARC}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{Countries. This agreement may consider to establish a}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{body for united effort to attract foreign direct investment}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{6}{l}{(FDI) into the SAARC states based on respective}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ \multicolumn{5}{l}{competitive advantages of different member countries.}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par \caption{\label{tab_8}Table 6 :}\end{figure} \begin{figure}[htbp] \noindent\textbf{7} \par \begin{longtable}{P{0.07863825363825364\textwidth}P{0.08217255717255717\textwidth}P{0.07068607068607069\textwidth}P{0.09365904365904366\textwidth}P{0.061850311850311854\textwidth}P{0.0645010395010395\textwidth}P{0.06891891891891892\textwidth}P{0.10602910602910603\textwidth}P{0.11133056133056134\textwidth}P{0.11221413721413721\textwidth}} Year\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Volume XV Issue VIII Version I\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ ( ) C\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\ Global Journal of Management and Business Research\tabcellsep Countries / Indicators Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India\tabcellsep Territory (km2) 652,000 147,570 38,394 3,287,590\tabcellsep Population 31,822,848 156,594,962 742,737 1,210,193,422\tabcellsep GDP (PPP, in bn. USD) 36.83 572.44 5.85 7997\tabcellsep GDP (Nominal, in bn. USD) 21.74 205.32 2.09 2308\tabcellsep GDP Per-capita (nominal, in USD) 695 1,284 2,730 1,808\tabcellsep Total Export -2014 (in USD thousand) 845,891 33,231,332 170,607 317,544,642\tabcellsep Total Import -2014 (in USD Thousand) 6,241,347 38,504,053 264,842 459,369,464\tabcellsep Trade Balance (in USD Thousand) -5,395,456 -5,272,721 -94,235 -141,824,822\\ \tabcellsep Maldives\tabcellsep 298\tabcellsep 393,500\tabcellsep 2.84\tabcellsep 1.94\tabcellsep 5,973\tabcellsep 218,373\tabcellsep 1,253,733\tabcellsep -1,035,360\\ \tabcellsep Nepal\tabcellsep 147,181\tabcellsep 26,494,504\tabcellsep 62.38\tabcellsep 19.92\tabcellsep 743\tabcellsep 910,849\tabcellsep 7,295,737\tabcellsep -6,384,888\\ \tabcellsep Pakistan\tabcellsep 803,940\tabcellsep 191,715,847\tabcellsep 928.43\tabcellsep 250.13\tabcellsep 1,342\tabcellsep 24,722,182\tabcellsep 47,544,889\tabcellsep -22,822,707\\ \tabcellsep Sri Lanka\tabcellsep 65,610\tabcellsep 20,277,597\tabcellsep 233.63\tabcellsep 80.59\tabcellsep 3,818\tabcellsep 11,295,486\tabcellsep 19,244,461\tabcellsep -7,948,975\\ \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 5,142,583\tabcellsep 1,638,235,417\tabcellsep 9,839\tabcellsep 2,890\tabcellsep 18,393\tabcellsep 388,939,362\tabcellsep 579,718,526\tabcellsep -190,779,164\end{longtable} \par {\small\itshape [Note: Sources: Compiled by the author from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org), and ITC Trade Map (http://www.trademap.org/) on August 9, 2015.c]} \caption{\label{tab_9}Table 7 :}\end{figure} \footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US) 1} \footnote{© 2015 Global Journals Inc. (US)} \backmatter \begin{bibitemlist}{1} \bibitem[Alam ()]{b8}\label{b8} \textit{}, M Alam . 2012. \bibitem[/12/sri-lanka-receives-870-m-in-foreign-directinvestment]{b13}\label{b13} \textit{/12/sri-lanka-receives-870-m-in-foreign-directinvestment}, \bibitem[Abdin (2009)]{b0}\label{b0} \textit{An Analysis of SAFTA in the Context of Bangladesh}, M J Abdin . May 2009. Bangladesh Development Research Center, USA. \bibitem[and ITC Trade Map ()]{b15}\label{b15} \url{http://www.trademap.org/)citedonAugust9} \textit{and ITC Trade Map}, 2015. (Wikipedia) \bibitem[Saarc and Secretariat (2015)]{b1}\label{b1} \textit{Area of Cooperation: Economic and Trade, Cited at SAARC Secretariat's Website on August 9}, Saarc , Secretariat . \url{http://saarc-sec.org/areaofcooperation/cat-detail.-php?cat\textunderscore id=45} August 2015. 2015. \bibitem[Collected on August 5, 2015. Compiled by the author]{b4}\label{b4} \url{http://www.investmentmap.-org} \textit{Collected on August 5, 2015. Compiled by the author}, (ITC Investment Map) \bibitem[Kundur (2012)]{b14}\label{b14} ‘Development of Tourism in Maldives’. S K Kundur . \textit{International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications} 2012. April 2012. 2 (4) . \bibitem[FDI: The top 10 nations investing in India ()]{b10}\label{b10} \url{http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fdi-inflows-in-india-top-10-countries/-20-110908.htm\#11} \textit{FDI: The top 10 nations investing in India}, 2011. \bibitem[Finance and Private Sector Development Unit The Maldives: Sustaining Growth & Improving the Investment Climate (2006)]{b6}\label{b6} ‘Finance and Private Sector Development Unit’. \textit{The Maldives: Sustaining Growth \& Improving the Investment Climate}, April 2006. \bibitem[Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis]{b9}\label{b9} \textit{Foreign Direct Investment in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis}, 1. \bibitem[Adhikari]{b7}\label{b7} ‘Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal: Current status, prospects and challenges’. R Adhikari . \textit{South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics and Environment} (Undated). Working Paper No. 01/13) \bibitem[Aggarwal (2008)]{b2}\label{b2} \textit{Regional Economic Integration and FDI in South Asia: Prospects and Problems, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations}, A Aggarwal . July 2008. (Working Paper No \# 218) \bibitem[Chapagai (2013)]{b5}\label{b5} ‘Role of Incentives in Promoting FDI for Inclusive and Sustainable Development’. L Chapagai . \textit{Ministry of Economic Affairs}, (Bhutan) November 2013. \bibitem[Smith ()]{b12}\label{b12} \textit{Sri Lanka earns \$870m in Foreign Direct Investment in 2013, the Republic Squire}, S Smith . \url{http://www.therepublicsquare.com/business/-} 2013. \bibitem[The Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan (2015)]{b11}\label{b11} \url{http://boi.gov.pk/ForeignInvestmentin-Pakistan.aspx} \textit{The Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan}, June 25. 2015. \bibitem[UNCTAD Start Database]{b3}\label{b3} \url{http://unctadstat.unctad.-org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx} \textit{UNCTAD Start Database}, (Collected on August 6, 2015. Compiled by the author) \end{bibitemlist} \end{document}