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\title{Scenario and Incentives of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh}
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             \author[1]{Abdullah Al  Mamun}

             \author[2]{Md. Hasebur  Rahman}

             \affil[1]{  Pabna University of Science and Technology}

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\date{\small \em Received: 14 December 2012 Accepted: 4 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


FDI is considered as an important tool for economic development of developing country. The term foreign direct investment is considered as one of the important contributors for the economic development of a country in particular and the world in general with the concept of globalization. Foreign direct investment has great impact on the development of developing country like Bangladesh. Foreign Direct Investment increases trade and investment, labor mobility, capital inflow, technology and know-how to the recipient country. The secondary data has been analyzed using tabular and graphical tools. Governments have now changed their policies from restricting towards promoting foreign investment. Though the government of Bangladesh provides fiscal, financial and other incentives, the actual flow of FDI is below the desired level.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{Development, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Incentives.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{Introduction}]{Introduction}\par
angladesh is a developing country. Government of Bangladesh is looking forward to be a middle income country within 2021. In order to do that requires huge investment. There exists a saving investment gap. Investible fund may come from internal as well as external. External sources may foreign direct investment and foreign aid. Foreign Direct Investment is considered as one of the crucial ingredients for fostering economic development of developing country. The gap between actual flow of total investment and target of Government articulated in the medium term macroeconomic framework is on the rise and might grow sharply in the upcoming years \hyperref[b11]{[1]}. FDI plays an important part in creating jobs but also considered as a source of income. But the strong argument in favor of public support to FDI is based on the prospect for knowledge spillovers. Indeed, FDI appears as the way to get capital without assuming the risk linked to the debt. Despite the controversies surrounding the benefits and cost of FDI a number of developing. Governments have now changed their policies from restricting towards promoting foreign investment \hyperref[b12]{[2]}. The gains from FDI inflows are unquestionable as it contributes to economic growth through an increase in productivity by providing new investment, better technologies and managerial skills to the host countries. The impact of FDI on economic growth depends on the degree of capacity of the host country to use FDI efficiently. Similarly, trade liberalization may facilitate economic growth through efficiency in production by utilizing the abundant factors of production more effectively and absorbing better technologies from advanced countries. On the one hand, it may harm the growth process through various forms of macroeconomic instability such as terms of trade deterioration and balance of payments crisis. Therefore, it is a challenge for developing countries to find out the appropriate direction of the role of FDI and trade liberalization in economic growth \hyperref[b13]{[3]}. FDI is considered as an important tool for economic development of developing country. If the investing country is wealthier than the host country then capital will flow to the host country \hyperref[b14]{[4]}. 
\section[{II.}]{II.} 
\section[{Literature Review}]{Literature Review}\par
Foreign direct investment has great impact on the development of developing country like Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted on FDI. Faruk in his study "Effect of FDI to accelerate the economic growth of Bangladesh and some problem and prospect of FDI"found that FDI has greater impact on GDP or economic growth of Bangladesh \hyperref[b15]{[5]}. Saha has seen that market instability, natural disaster, political instability, corruption, bureaucratic difficulties, power generation, inefficient labor, poor infrastructure, lack of joint effort, investors suspicious sentiments, regional and international politics are considered to be the hindrance in getting the sound FDI in Bangladesh \hyperref[b2]{[6]}. Macroeconomic environment, governance, infrastructure, financial incentives, international integration, political stability, human resources, technological infrastructure plays vital role to bring more FDI in Bangladesh \hyperref[b3]{[7]}. Nasrin et al in the paper "Major determinants and hindrance of FDI inflow in Bangladesh: perceptions and experience of foreign investors and policy maker" cheap labor, government incentives, investment friendly public policy and geographical location attract FDI \hyperref[b4]{[8]}. Bhattacharya in his article he shown that industrious low cost workforce, strategic location, regional connectivity, strong vibrant local market and growth, openness to trade, low cost energy, proven export competitiveness, export and economic zones financial and fiscal incentives brings more FDI \hyperref[b5]{[9]}. Alam in his paper shown that Bangladesh offers various fiscal, financial and other facilities to his research found that market size, labor cost, human resources, macroeconomic instability, regulatory policy, trade performance and competitiveness affect FDI \hyperref[b12]{[2]}. Kafi et al in their study opined that infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, governance, international integration, political stability, human resources, technological infrastructures, bureaucracy, political unrest, corruption, insufficient power supply are fundamental ingredients to secure FDI \hyperref[b7]{[11]}. Shahabuddin et al the study investigated that Bangladesh provides tax incentives, direct financial grants subsidies, loan guarantees to find more FDI \hyperref[b8]{[12]}. 
\section[{III.}]{III.} 
\section[{Objective of the Research Work}]{Objective of the Research Work}\par
The study is conducted for attaining the following objectives, ? To show the scenario of FDI.\par
? To analyze the incentives available for investor in Bangladesh.\par
IV. 
\section[{Research Methodology}]{Research Methodology}\par
The present study is conducted based on secondary data. These data have been collected from various sources. They are -journal, books, Daily news paper, Bangladesh economic review, Bangladesh bank, Bureau of statistics, various websites. The analysis has been performed through tabular form, charts, and diagrams on the basis of available data. Specially methodology is known as content analysis.\par
V.      The figure-IV shows joint venture investment in different sector. The service sector investment alone 65.80\% and investment in chemical secctor is 13.89\%. 
\section[{Foreign}]{Foreign}\par
The lowest investment in Printing publishing and packaging is accounted only 0.17\% of total investment.   
\section[{Special incentives for power sector}]{Special incentives for power sector}\par
Incentives for private sector power generation for private sector power generation policy of Bangladesh (revised in Nov 2004) provide a number of fiscal incentives for foreign investment in power sector  {\ref [14]}. Some of them are depicted below.\par
? The private power companies shall be exempted from corporate income tax for a period of 15 years. ? The companies will be allowed to import plant and equipment and spare parts up to ten percent of original value of total plant and equipment within a period of twelve year of commercial operation. VII. 
\section[{Global}]{Global} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
There are number of positive factors which can draw attention of foreign investor from developed and developing country. Factors those make Bangladesh distinct from other country are availability of skilled and unskilled labor, relative low wage, natural resources, port, geographical location, large size of local market, reasonable macroeconomic environment. To attract more FDI, the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has offered many fiscal, financial and other incentives for foreign investors. Still, it is seen in the study that actual FDI investment has been remain at very insignificant level compared to registered FDI investment proposal.\begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}C}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}Figure 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}C}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.40702416918429\textwidth}P{0.06676737160120845\textwidth}P{0.03081570996978852\textwidth}P{0.23240181268882174\textwidth}P{0.06676737160120845\textwidth}P{0.04622356495468278\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Sl Particulars}\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep units\tabcellsep Investment in (USD\tabcellsep Employment\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep registered\tabcellsep \tabcellsep million)\tabcellsep (person)\\
A\tabcellsep 100\%Foreign Investment\tabcellsep 418\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 7012.768\tabcellsep 141957\\
B\tabcellsep Joint Venture Investment\tabcellsep 1179\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 10172.470\tabcellsep 259207\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 1597\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 17185.238\tabcellsep 401164\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{Source: Investment Implementation Monitoring Cell (IIMC), Board of Investment}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{100\% Foreign Investment:}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{received the highest USD 3197.623 million and year}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{The below table shows yearly 100\% foreign}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{1994 received lowest USD 0.200 million investment. The}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{investment registered in Bangladesh employment}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{fluctuation may cause of political unrest and incentives}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{opportunities for the period of 1990-2010.and appears that}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{to the investor.}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{there is fluctuation in investment. The year 2005 has}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.3515037593984962\textwidth}P{0.28120300751879695\textwidth}P{0.21729323308270676\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{increase flow of FDI in Bangladesh [10]. Bouoiyour in}\tabcellsep \\
2013\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
ear\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Y\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
( )\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
b)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Year\tabcellsep Investment in (USD million)\tabcellsep Employment Opportunities(Person)\\
1990\tabcellsep 0.623\tabcellsep 100\\
1991\tabcellsep 2.841\tabcellsep 344\\
1992\tabcellsep 18.919\tabcellsep 206\\
1993\tabcellsep 0.200\tabcellsep 150\\
1994\tabcellsep 28.037\tabcellsep 2521\\
1995\tabcellsep 10.318\tabcellsep 252\\
1996\tabcellsep 22.257\tabcellsep 4125\\
1997\tabcellsep 191.242\tabcellsep 3998\\
1998\tabcellsep 1018.871\tabcellsep 3887\\
1999\tabcellsep 436.907\tabcellsep 13116\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.024392935982339957\textwidth}P{0.30584988962472404\textwidth}P{0.05816777041942605\textwidth}P{0.1782560706401766\textwidth}P{0.13885209713024282\textwidth}P{0.1444812362030905\textwidth}}
Sl\tabcellsep Sectors\tabcellsep No. of\tabcellsep Investment\tabcellsep Percentage of\tabcellsep Employment\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep units\tabcellsep in(USD million)\tabcellsep investment total\tabcellsep (person) opportunities\\
1\tabcellsep Agro based\tabcellsep 59\tabcellsep 154.291\tabcellsep 2.20\tabcellsep 24434\\
2\tabcellsep Chemical\tabcellsep 65\tabcellsep 1985.938\tabcellsep 28.31\tabcellsep 6147\\
3\tabcellsep Engineering\tabcellsep 57\tabcellsep 38.963\tabcellsep 0.56\tabcellsep 4388\\
4\tabcellsep Food and Allied\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 19.112\tabcellsep 0.27\tabcellsep 1662\\
5\tabcellsep Glass and Ceramics\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep 8.188\tabcellsep 0.12\tabcellsep 328\\
6\tabcellsep Printing publishing and packaging\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2.269\tabcellsep 0.03\tabcellsep 325\\
7\tabcellsep Tannery and Rubber products\tabcellsep 4\tabcellsep 4.013\tabcellsep 0.06\tabcellsep 602\\
8\tabcellsep Textiles\tabcellsep 115\tabcellsep 221.259\tabcellsep 3.16\tabcellsep 84578\\
9\tabcellsep Services\tabcellsep 91\tabcellsep 4775.901\tabcellsep 68.10\tabcellsep 18758\\
10\tabcellsep Miscellaneous\tabcellsep 7\tabcellsep 2.834\tabcellsep 0.04\tabcellsep 735\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 418\tabcellsep 7012.678\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 141957\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Scenario and Incentives of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.049999999999999996\textwidth}P{0.39999999999999997\textwidth}P{0.39999999999999997\textwidth}}
Year\tabcellsep Joint venture investment in (USD\tabcellsep Employment opportunities(person)\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}and Incentives of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.08412371134020617\textwidth}P{0.25061855670103095\textwidth}P{0.06835051546391753\textwidth}P{0.17350515463917526\textwidth}P{0.12969072164948453\textwidth}P{0.14371134020618556\textwidth}}
2013\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
ear\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Y\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
20\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
( )\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Sl Sectors}\tabcellsep No. of\tabcellsep Investment\tabcellsep Percentage of\tabcellsep Employment\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep units\tabcellsep in(USD\tabcellsep total\tabcellsep opportunities(p\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep million)\tabcellsep investment\tabcellsep erson)\\
1\tabcellsep Agro based\tabcellsep 111\tabcellsep 329.807\tabcellsep 3.24\tabcellsep 12588\\
2\tabcellsep Chemical\tabcellsep 169\tabcellsep 1413.025\tabcellsep 13.89\tabcellsep 21319\\
3\tabcellsep Engineering\tabcellsep 151\tabcellsep 412.821\tabcellsep 4.06\tabcellsep 18847\\
4\tabcellsep Food and Allied\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 54.650\tabcellsep 0.54\tabcellsep 3069\\
5\tabcellsep Glass and Ceramics\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 69.424\tabcellsep 0.68\tabcellsep 2334\\
6\tabcellsep Printing publishing and packaging\tabcellsep 13\tabcellsep 17.159\tabcellsep 0.17\tabcellsep 877\\
7\tabcellsep Tannery and Rubber products\tabcellsep 42\tabcellsep 85.754\tabcellsep 0.84\tabcellsep 17219\\
8\tabcellsep Textiles\tabcellsep 320\tabcellsep 1093.168\tabcellsep 10.74\tabcellsep 135053\\
9\tabcellsep Services\tabcellsep 301\tabcellsep 6693.352\tabcellsep 65.79\tabcellsep 47394\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{10 Miscellaneous}\tabcellsep 8\tabcellsep 3.310\tabcellsep 0.03\tabcellsep 507\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 1179\tabcellsep 10172.47\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep 259207\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: Source: Investment Implementation Monitoring Cell (IIMC), Board of Investment © 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)]} 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.4202247191011236\textwidth}P{0.4297752808988764\textwidth}}
Agro based\tabcellsep Chemical\\
Engineering\tabcellsep Food and Allied\\
Glass and Ceramics\tabcellsep Printing publishing and packaging\\
Tannery and Rubber products\tabcellsep Textiles\\
Services\tabcellsep Miscellaneous\\
\tabcellsep 3.24\%\\
\tabcellsep 0.03\%\\
\tabcellsep 13.89\%\\
\tabcellsep 4.06\% 0.54\%\\
\tabcellsep 0.68\% 0.17\%\\
\tabcellsep 0.84\%\\
\tabcellsep 10.74\%\\
65.80\%\tabcellsep \\
g) Registered FDI Inflows and Actual FDI Investment\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_6}Joint venture Investment in different Sectors}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.05964912280701754\textwidth}P{0.37280701754385964\textwidth}P{0.4175438596491228\textwidth}}
Year\tabcellsep Registered FDI investment\tabcellsep Actual FDI investment in USD\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_7}Table 6 :}\end{figure}
 			\footnote{© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)} 		 		\backmatter  			 
\subsection[{The package of Incentives is Listed Below}]{The package of Incentives is Listed Below}\par
Many developing countries have developed their economy tremendously through attracting FDI ? Repatriation of equity along with dividends will be allowed freely. ? Exemption from income tax in Bangladesh for repatriation of equity along with dividends will be allowed freely. ? Exemption from income tax in Bangladesh for foreign lenders to such companies. ? Tax exemption on interest on foreign loans.\par
? Avoidance of double taxation incase of foreign investors. ? Remittance of up to 50\% of salary of the foreigners employed in Bangladesh and facilities of for repatriation of their savings and retirement benefits at the time of their return. ? No restriction on issuance of work permit.\par
? Provision of transfer of shares held by foreign shareholders to local shareholder. ? Re-investment of remittable dividend to be treated as new foreign investment. ? Facilities for repatriation of invested capital, profits and dividends. ? Free importing of furnace oil, equipments, and spare parts for captive and commercial power plants entrepreneurs. ? License fee for captive power of taka 500000 is waivered.			 			  				\begin{bibitemlist}{1}
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\end{document}
