@incollection{,
	
					
					
					66C27E3F065D122DFCA205421FA09C5C
				,
	author={{Akwasi A.Ampofo} and {RezaBarkhi} and {University of Connecticut, Virginia Tech}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}233122
}

@book{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{Two Essays on Capital Structure Decisions of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Managerial Entrenchment and Ethical Corporate Citizenship. Doctoral dissertation}}
		,
	author={{
			AAAmpofo
		}}
		
			,
	year={2021}
			,
	address={Virginia Tech}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Financial flexibility: Do firms prepare for recession}}
		,
	author={{
			JAng
		} and {
			ASmedema
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of corporate finance}}
		
			17
			3
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{Political Stability, Board Tenure and Corporate Cash Holding}}
		,
	author={{
			AMAriff
		} and {
			KAKamarudin
		} and {
			AJaafar
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of International Accounting Research}}
		
			,
	year={2022}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{Financial flexibility, corporate investment and performance: evidence from financial crises}}
		,
	author={{
			ÖArslan-Ayaydin
		} and {
			CFlorackis
		} and {
			AOzkan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting}}
		
			42
			2
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{Why to US Firms Hold Much More Cash than They Used To?}}
		,
	author={{
			TBates
		} and {
			KKahle
		} and {
			RStulz
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
			64
			,
	year={2016. 1985-2021}
		
	

}

@incollection{b5,
	
	
		,
	title={{Board classification and managerial entrenchment: Evidence from the market for corporate control}}
		,
	author={{
			TWBates
		} and {
			DABecher
		} and {
			MLLemmon
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
			87
			3
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The CEO pay slice}}
		,
	author={{
			LABebchuk
		} and {
			KMCremers
		} and {
			UCPeyer
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of financial Economics}}
		
			102
			1
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{What Matters in Corporate Governance? 22}}
		,
	author={{
			LBebchuk
		} and {
			ACohen
		} and {
			AFerrell
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Rev. Fin. Stud}}
		
			783
			823
			,
	year={2009}
		
	

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Corporate social responsibility and dividend policy}}
		,
	author={{
			MBenlemlih
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research in International Business and Finance}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2019}
		
	

}

@book{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Bloopers: How (Mostly) Smart People Get Causal Inference Wrong, Slides for his workshop on causal inference}}
		,
	author={{
			BSBlack
		}}
		
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Ownership and control: Rethinking corporate governance for the twenty-first century}}
		,
	author={{
			MMBlair
		}}
	
	
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	journal={{Long Range Planning}}
		
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			3
			
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	year={1996}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{The CEO pay slice: Managerial power or efficient contracting? Some indirect evidence}}
		,
	author={{
			MBugeja
		} and {
			ZMatolcsy
		} and {
			HSpiropoulos
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics}}
		
			13
			1
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Managerial entrenchment and capital structure decisions}}
		,
	author={{
			PGBerger
		} and {
			EOfek
		} and {
			DLYermack
		}}
		
		
	
	
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	journal={{The journal of finance}}
		
			52
			4
			
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}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{The cost of financial flexibility: Evidence from share repurchases}}
		,
	author={{
			AABonaimé
		} and {
			KWHankins
		} and {
			BDJordan
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}}
		
			38
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{Accounting for competitive advantage: The resource-based view of the firm and the labor theory of value}}
		,
	author={{
			CBowman
		} and {
			SToms
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Critical Perspectives on Accounting}}
		
			21
			3
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b15,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			SByoun
		}}
		,
	title={{Financial flexibility and capital structure decision. Available at SSRN 1108850}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b16,
	
	
		,
	title={{Multinational transfer pricing: A transaction cost and resource-based view}}
		,
	author={{
			MCecchini
		} and {
			RLeitch
		} and {
			CStrobel
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting Literature}}
		
			31
			1
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antitakeover provisions, managerial entrenchment and firm innovation}}
		,
	author={{
			AChakraborty
		} and {
			ZRzakhanov
		} and {
			SSheikh
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Economics and Business}}
		
			72
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Antitakeover amendments and managerial entrenchment: new evidence from investment policy and CEO compensation}}
		,
	author={{
			AChakraborty
		} and {
			SSheikh
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Quarterly Journal of Finance and Accounting}}
		
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{An empirical examination of cash measures}}
		,
	author={{
			ACharitou
		} and {
			EKetz
		}}
		
	
	
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			27
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}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{Powerful CEOs and capital structure decisions: evidence from the CEO pay slice (CPS)}}
		,
	author={{
			PChintrakarn
		} and {
			PJiraporn
		} and {
			MSingh
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Applied Economics Letters}}
		
			21
			8
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{How do powerful CEOs view dividends and stock repurchase? Evidence from the CEO pay slice (CPS)}}
		,
	author={{
			PChintrakarn
		} and {
			PChatjuthamard
		} and {
			STong
		} and {
			PJiraporn
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Review of Economics & Finance}}
		
			58
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Governance mechanisms and equity prices}}
		,
	author={{
			KMCremers
		} and {
			VBNair
		}}
		
	
	
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	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
			60
			6
			
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	year={2005}
		
	

}

@book{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Sources of financial flexibility: Evidence from cash flow shortfalls}}
		,
	author={{
			NDDaniel
		} and {
			DJDenis
		} and {
			LNaveen
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2010}
			,
	address={Drexel University}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Managerial stock ownership and the maturity structure of corporate debt}}
		,
	author={{
			SDatta
		} and {
			MIskandar-Datta
		} and {
			KRaman
		}}
		
		
	
	
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	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
			60
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	year={2005}
		
	

}

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	title={{Capital structure, payout policy, and financial flexibility. Marshall school of business working paper no. FBE}}
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	author={{
			HDeangelo
		} and {
			LDeangelo
		}}
		
		
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	year={2007}
			
		
	

}

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	title={{Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation}}
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	author={{
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}

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	title={{Family Involvement, agency cost of debt financing, and small firm performance: research agenda}}
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		} and {
			MTAugusto
		} and {
			MA GRamos
		} and {
			ME G
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Journal of Family Business}}
		
			3
			1
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{Financial flexibility and corporate liquidity}}
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	author={{
			DJDenis
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of corporate finance}}
		
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	year={2011}
		
	

}

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	title={{Debt financing and financial flexibility evidence from proactive leverage increases}}
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	author={{
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		} and {
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		}}
		
	
	
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	journal={{The Review of Financial Studies}}
		
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}

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		,
	title={{Agency theory and the influence of equity ownership structure on corporate diversification strategies}}
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	author={{
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		} and {
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		}}
		
		
	
	
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	journal={{Strategic Management Journal}}
		
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}

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		,
	title={{Estimating the COVID-19 cash crunch: Global evidence and policy}}
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	author={{
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		} and {
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		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Accounting and Public Policy}}
		
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	year={2020}
		
	

}

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		,
	title={{Reputation acquisition in debt markets}}
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	author={{
			DWDiamond
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		,
	title={{Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings}}
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	author={{
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		}}
		
	
	
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	journal={{Journal of financial economics}}
		
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}

@incollection{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Two agency-cost explanations of dividends}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{The American economic review}}
		
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	title={{Discouraging rivals: Managerial rent-seeking and economic inefficiencies}}
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		}}
		
	
	
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}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
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	title={{The measurement of liquidity}}
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		}}
		
	
	
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	title={{Agency theory: An assessment and review}}
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	author={{
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	year={1989}
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	publisher={Academy of management review}
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		,
	title={{Separation of ownership and control}}
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}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
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	title={{Classified boards, firm value, and managerial entrenchment}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{Journal of Financial Economics}}
		
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}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
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	title={{Cash and corporate control}}
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	author={{
			OFaleye
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	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
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}

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	title={{Do measures of financial constraints measure financial constraints?}}
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}

@incollection{b42,
	
	
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	title={{An agency analysis of the effect of longterm performance plans on managerial decision making}}
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	author={{
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		} and {
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		} and {
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	title={{Corporate payout policy and managerial stock incentives}}
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}

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	title={{Available}}
		
	
	
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	booktitle={{Small Business Advisory Committee (SBAC)}}
		
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	year={2022}
		
	
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	note={Financial Accounting Standards Board}

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@incollection{b45,
	
	
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	title={{Available online at}}
		
	
	
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	booktitle={{Glossary of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)}}
		
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	year={2019}
		
	
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	note={Financial Accounting Standards Board}

}

@incollection{b46,
	
	
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	title={{The impact of managerial entrenchment on agency costs: An empirical investigation using UK panel data}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{European Financial Management}}
		
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}

@incollection{b47,
	
	
		,
	title={{The value of financial flexibility}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{The journal of finance}}
		
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	title={{A note on cash flow and classification patterns of financial ratios}}
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	title={{Corporate governance, product market competition, and equity prices}}
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	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
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}

@incollection{b50,
	
	
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	title={{Corporate governance and equity prices}}
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	author={{
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			JIshii
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	journal={{The quarterly journal of economics}}
		
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@incollection{b51,
	
	
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	title={{A Bayesian operationalization of the resource-based view}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{Strategic Management Journal}}
		
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@incollection{b52,
	
	
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	title={{Director co-option and the cash conversion cycle}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance}}
		
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	year={2022}
		
	

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	title={{Corporate governance and firm cash holding}}
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	author={{
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			WMaxwell
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	journal={{Journal of Finance}}
		
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}

@book{b54,
	
	
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	title={{How much is too much? Debt Capacity and Financial Flexibility. Debt Capacity and Financial Flexibility}}
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	author={{
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	year={2014}
		
	

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@incollection{b55,
	
	
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	title={{Product market threats, payouts, and financial flexibility}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{The Journal of Finance}}
		
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}

@incollection{b56,
	
	
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	title={{Does accounting conservatism mitigate the shortcomings of CEO overconfidence?}}
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	author={{
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@book{b57,
	
	
		
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	title={{International Financial Reporting Standards, 2023. IFRS for Small and Medium-Sized Entities}}
		
	
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	note={#:~:text=IFRS%20for%20S MEs%20is%20a%20self%2Dcontained%20global%2 0accounting%20and. %2D%20and%20medium%2D sized%20entities}

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@incollection{b58,
	
	
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	title={{Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure}}
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	author={{
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	title={{Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers}}
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@incollection{b60,
	
	
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	title={{Managerial entrenchment and capital structure: The effect of diversification}}
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	author={{
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			YZhang
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	journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}}
		
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	title={{Analyst following, staggered boards, and managerial entrenchment}}
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	author={{
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			YSKim
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	journal={{Journal of Banking & Finance}}
		
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}

@incollection{b62,
	
	
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	title={{Cash holding adjustments and managerial entrenchment}}
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	author={{
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			ELie
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	journal={{Journal of Corporate Finance}}
		
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	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b63,
	
	
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	title={{Debt maturity and the effects of growth opportunities and liquidity risk on leverage}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{The Review of Financial Studies}}
		
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	author={{
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	title={{Excess cash holdings, stock returns, and investment organicity: evidence from uk investment announcements. Abacus}}
		
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	year={2022}
		
	

}

@incollection{b65,
	
	
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	title={{Managerial entrenchment and shareholder wealth revisited: Theory and evidence from a recessionary financial market}}
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	author={{
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}

@incollection{b66,
	
	
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	title={{The effect of adoption of long-term performance plans on stock prices and accounting numbers}}
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	author={{
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@incollection{b67,
	
	
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	title={{Management forecast accuracy and CEO turnover}}
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	author={{
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	journal={{The Accounting Review}}
		
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	year={2012}
		
	

}