@incollection{,
	
					
					
					AAA92E058E7E5E033938D98BA74ECABC
				,
	author={{DaveWilliams} and {Appalachian State University}},
	journal={{Global Journal of Management and Business Research}},
	journal={{GJMBR}}2249-45880975-585310.34257/GJMBR,
	address={Cambridge, United States},
	publisher={Global Journals Organisation}2364960
}

@incollection{b0,
	
	
		,
	title={{The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach}}
		,
	author={{
			ZJAcs
		} and {
			EStam
		} and {
			DBAudretsch
		} and {
			AO'connor
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Small Business Economics}}
		
			49
			1
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b1,
	
	
		,
	title={{Match your innovation strategy to your innovation ecosystem}}
		,
	author={{
			RAdner
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Harvard Business Review}}
		
			84
			4
			98
			,
	year={2006}
		
	

}

@incollection{b2,
	
	
		,
	title={{The process of creative construction: knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and economic growth}}
		,
	author={{
			RAgarwal
		} and {
			DAudretsch
		} and {
			MBSarkar
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal}}
		
			1
			3-4
			
			,
	year={2007}
		
	

}

@incollection{b3,
	
	
		,
	title={{A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda}}
		,
	author={{
			JAlvedalen
		} and {
			RBoschma
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Planning Studies}}
		
			25
			6
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b4,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of small firms in US biotechnology clusters}}
		,
	author={{
			DBAudretsch
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Small Business Economics}}
		
			17
			1-2
			
			,
	year={2001}
		
	

}

@book{b5,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			DAudretsch
		} and {
			CMason
		} and {
			MPMiles
		} and {
			AO'connor
		}}
		
		
		
		,
	title={{Time and the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems}}
		
			,
	year={2021}
		
	

}

@incollection{b6,
	
	
		,
	title={{The adaptive life cycle of entrepreneurial ecosystems: the biotechnology cluster}}
		,
	author={{
			PEAuerswald
		} and {
			LDani
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Small Business Economics}}
		
			49
			1
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@book{b7,
	
	
		,
	title={{Growing innovation ecosystems: University-industry knowledge transfer and regional economic development in Canada}}
		,
	author={{
			ABramwell
		} and {
			NHepburn
		} and {
			DAWolfe
		}}
		
		
		
			,
	year={2012}
		
	
	,
	note={Knowledge Synthesis Paper on Leveraging Investments in HERD. Final Report to the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada}

}

@incollection{b8,
	
	
		,
	title={{Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a dynamic lifecycle model}}
		,
	author={{
			UCantner
		} and {
			JACunningham
		} and {
			EELehmann
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Small Business Economics}}
		
			57
			
			,
	year={2021}
		
	

}

@incollection{b9,
	
	
		,
	title={{Creating value in ecosystems: crossing the chasm between knowledge and business ecosystems}}
		,
	author={{
			BClarysse
		} and {
			MWright
		} and {
			JBruneel
		} and {
			AMahajan
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research Policy}}
		
			43
			7
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b10,
	
	
		,
	title={{Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organisational dimensions}}
		,
	author={{
			PCooke
		} and {
			MGUranga
		} and {
			GEtxebarria
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research Policy}}
		
			26
			4-5
			
			,
	year={1997}
		
	

}

@incollection{b11,
	
	
		,
	title={{Roles during innovation ecosystem genesis: a literature review}}
		,
	author={{
			ODedehayir
		} and {
			SJMäkinen
		} and {
			JROrtt
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technological Forecasting and Social Change}}
		
			136
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b12,
	
	
		,
	title={{Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: new estimates of R & D costs}}
		,
	author={{
			JADimasi
		} and {
			HGGrabowski
		} and {
			RWHansen
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Journal of Health Economics}}
		
			47
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b13,
	
	
		,
	title={{Success factors of innovation ecosystems-initial insights from a literature review}}
		,
	author={{
			SDurst
		} and {
			PPoutanen
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Co-create}}
		
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b14,
	
	
		,
	title={{The changing model of big pharma: impact of key trends}}
		,
	author={{
			AGautam
		} and {
			XPan
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Drug Discovery Today}}
		
			21
			3
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b15,
	
	
		,
	title={{How to start an entrepreneurial revolution}}
		,
	author={{
			DJIsenberg
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Harvard Business Review}}
		
			88
			6
			
			,
	year={2010}
		
	

}

@book{b16,
	
	
		,
	author={{
			DIsenberg
		}}
		,
	title={{The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Presentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs}}
		
			,
	year={2011}
			1
			13
		
	

}

@incollection{b17,
	
	
		,
	title={{Applying the ecosystem metaphor to entrepreneurship: Uses and abuses}}
		,
	author={{
			DJIsenberg
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{The Antitrust Bulletin}}
		
			61
			4
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b18,
	
	
		,
	title={{Exploring competing perspectives on government-driven entrepreneurial ecosystems: lessons from Centres for Creative Economy and Innovation (CCEI) of South Korea}}
		,
	author={{
			KJung
		} and {
			JHEun
		} and {
			SHLee
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Planning Studies}}
		
			25
			5
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b19,
	
	
		,
	title={{Coordinating and competing in ecosystems: how organizational forms shape new technology investments}}
		,
	author={{
			RKapoor
		} and {
			JMLee
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Strategic Management Journal}}
		
			34
			3
			
			,
	year={2013}
		
	

}

@incollection{b20,
	
	
		,
	title={{What differentiates top regions in the field of biotechnology? An empirical study of the texture characteristics of 101 biotech regions in North-America}}
		,
	author={{
			CLecocq
		} and {
			BVan Looy
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Europe and Asia-Pacific. Ind. Corp. Change}}
		
			25
			4
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b21,
	
	
		,
	title={{Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship}}
		,
	author={{
			CMason
		} and {
			RBrown
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Final Report to OECD}}
		
			30
			1
			
			,
	year={2014}
			,
	address={Paris}
		
	

}

@incollection{b22,
	
	
		,
	title={{Components of innovation ecosystems: a cross-country study}}
		,
	author={{
			BMercan
		} and {
			DGoktas
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{International Research Journal of Finance and Economics}}
		
			76
			16
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@incollection{b23,
	
	
		,
	title={{Innovation ecosystems: a critical examination}}
		,
	author={{
			DSOh
		} and {
			FPhillips
		} and {
			SPark
		} and {
			ELee
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technovation}}
		
			54
			
			,
	year={2016}
		
	

}

@incollection{b24,
	
	
		,
	title={{Comparison of different ecosystem analogies: the main economic determinants and levels of impact}}
		,
	author={{
			VPilinkien?
		} and {
			PMa?iulis
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences}}
		
			156
			
			,
	year={2014}
		
	

}

@incollection{b25,
	
	
		,
	title={{Clusters and the new economics of competition}}
		,
	author={{
			MEPorter
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Harvard Business Review}}
		
			76
			6
			
			,
	year={1998}
		
	

}

@incollection{b26,
	
	
		,
	title={{The spatial clustering of science and capital: Accounting for biotech firm-venture capital relationships}}
		,
	author={{
			WWPowell
		} and {
			KWKoput
		} and {
			JIBowie
		} and {
			LSmith-Doerr
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Regional Studies}}
		
			36
			3
			
			,
	year={2002}
		
	

}

@incollection{b27,
	
	
		,
	title={{The path-dependent evolution of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE)-dynamics and region-specific assets of the case of Vienna (Austria)}}
		,
	author={{
			VRadinger-Peer
		} and {
			SSedlacek
		} and {
			HGoldstein
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Planning Studies}}
		
			26
			8
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@book{b28,
	
	
		,
	title={{In defense of 'eco' in innovation ecosystem}}
		,
	author={{
			PRitala
		} and {
			AAlmpanopoulou
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2017}
			60
			
		
	
	,
	note={Technovation}

}

@incollection{b29,
	
	
		,
	title={{A network analysis of investment firms as resource routers in Chinese innovation ecosystem}}
		,
	author={{
			NRubens
		} and {
			KStill
		} and {
			JHuhtamäki
		} and {
			MGRussell
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{JSW}}
		
			6
			9
			
			,
	year={2011}
		
	

}

@book{b30,
	
	
		,
	title={{}}
		,
	author={{
			JASchumpeter
		}}
		
			,
	year={1976. 1942}
			,
	publisher={II. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy}
		
	

}

@incollection{b31,
	
	
		,
	title={{The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems}}
		,
	author={{
			BSpigel
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice}}
		
			41
			1
			
			,
	year={2017}
		
	

}

@incollection{b32,
	
	
		,
	title={{Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems}}
		,
	author={{
			BSpigel
		} and {
			RHarrison
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal}}
		
			12
			1
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b33,
	
	
		,
	title={{Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique}}
		,
	author={{
			EStam
		}}
	
	
		,
	journal={{European Planning Studies}}
		
			23
			9
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@book{b34,
	
	
		,
	title={{Entrepreneurial ecosystems. USE Discussion paper series}}
		,
	author={{
			FCStam
		} and {
			BSpigel
		}}
		
		
			,
	year={2016}
			16
		
	

}

@incollection{b35,
	
	
		,
	title={{Unpacking the innovation ecosystem construct: Evolution, gaps and trends}}
		,
	author={{
			LADe Vasconcelos Gomes
		} and {
			AL FFacin
		} and {
			MSSalerno
		} and {
			RKIkenami
		}}
		
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technological Forecasting and Social Change}}
		
			136
			
			,
	year={2018}
		
	

}

@incollection{b36,
	
	
		,
	title={{Gimme shelter or fade away: the impact of regional entrepreneurial ecosystem quality on venture survival}}
		,
	author={{
			SVedula
		} and {
			PHKim
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Industrial and Corporate Change}}
		
			28
			4
			
			,
	year={2019}
		
	

}

@incollection{b37,
	
	
		,
	title={{The role of policies and the contribution of cluster agency in the development of biotech open innovation ecosystem}}
		,
	author={{
			VVlaisavljevic
		} and {
			CCMedina
		} and {
			BVan Looy
		}}
		
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technological Forecasting and Social Change}}
		
			155
			119987
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b38,
	
	
		,
	title={{Who inhabits a business ecosystem? The technospecies as a unifying concept}}
		,
	author={{
			MLWeber
		} and {
			MMHine
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Technology Innovation Management Review}}
		
			5
			5
			
			,
	year={2015}
		
	

}

@incollection{b39,
	
	
		,
	title={{Are explicit knowledge transfers clustered or diffused in the US biopharmaceutical market sector?}}
		,
	author={{
			DRWilliams
		} and {
			RWPouder
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Entrepreneurship & Regional Development}}
		
			3
			7-8
			
			,
	year={2020}
		
	

}

@incollection{b40,
	
	
		,
	title={{Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transformation of university roles in regional technological and economic development}}
		,
	author={{
			JYoutie
		} and {
			PShapira
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Research Policy}}
		
			37
			8
			
			,
	year={2008}
		
	

}

@incollection{b41,
	
	
		,
	title={{Star scientists and institutional transformation: Patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry}}
		,
	author={{
			LGZucker
		} and {
			MRDarby
		}}
		
	
	
		,
	journal={{Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}}
		
			93
			23
			
			,
	year={1996}
		
	

}