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             \author[1]{Sanjay Kanti  Das}

             \author[2]{Prof. Amalesh  Bhowal}

             \affil[1]{  Lumding College}

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\date{\small \em Received: 6 December 2012 Accepted: 3 January 2013 Published: 15 January 2013}

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\begin{abstract}
        


In India, SHGs represent a unique approach to financial intermediation and innovation of credit delivery technique to enhance income generating activities. Sa-Dhan (2003) has sort out some of the unresolved issues in the context of quality assessment of SHGs. The main objective of this paper is to assess the opinion of the direct stakeholders (i.e. Promoters, Donors, Financial Institutions and the Group members) of SHGs regarding the issue whether SHG is a financial model. The study is conducted by using multi-stage random sampling method to collect primary data from the selected Development Blocks of Nagaon districts of Assam. From the ANOVA test on overall score of variables on financial model, it is concluded that all four groups? means are not equal. It is observed that there exists enough evidence to conclude that there is significant association in the opinion of the direct stakeholders of SHGs regarding the issue whether SHG is a financial model. Further, it is observed that on thirteen (13) elements relating to financial model construct whose mean value is positive are considered as the key elements that recognise SHGs as the financial model of development.

\end{abstract}


\keywords{direct stakeholders, financial model, micro finance, perceptions of stakeholders, self help groups.}

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\let\tabcellsep& 	 	 		 
\section[{I. Introduction}]{I. Introduction}\par
elf Help Groups (SHGs) are an outcome of the neo-liberal paradigm of development [ ], where the poor take charge of their lives and fashion new improved future through self-reliant and socially sustainable efforts. SHGs emerge as an important strategy for empowering women and in alleviating poverty. The women SHGs have enhanced the status of women as participant decision makers and beneficiaries on the democratic, economic, social and cultural spheres of life and sensitised the women members to take active part in socio-economic progress of rural India. SHGs in social change imply not only the change of outer form of a community or a society but also in the social institutions as well as ideas of the people living in that society. families that had not been reached by the banking system  [ ]; \hyperref[b21]{Sinha and Patole, 2002 [ ] )}. SHG-Banking is a programme that helps to promote financial transactions between the formal rural banking system in India comprising of public and private sector commercial banks, regional rural banks and cooperative banks with informal SHGs as clients. SHGs are financial intermediaries owned by the poor.\par
They usually start by making voluntary thrift on a regular-mostly fortnightly or monthly basis (contractual savings. They use this pooled resource (as quasi-equity) together with the external bank loan to provide interest bearing loans to their members. Such loan provides additional liquidity or purchasing power for use in any of the borrower's production, investment, or consumption activities. SHGs are currently seen as an essential and integral part not only of financial services delivery, but also as a channel for the delivery of non-financial services within larger objectives of livelihood promotion, community development and women's empowerment. SHGs are potential 'micro-banks', either on their own, or through higher levels of association, capable of using their own resources, grants and borrowed funds for financial intermediation . Apart from accessing funds from the formal financial sector, SHGs can also become a forum for dissemination of development ideas and information, an association for community mobilisation or an organisational unit for linking up with other economic, social and political interventions.\par
To increase the number of SHGs who start to make voluntary thrift on a regular basis is the most essential strategic variable in the Linkage Banking system. About 75\% of the SHGs have been formed and are continuously supported by NGO staff not only exclusively to get access to bank loans but also to achieve other development goals through joint actions: educational, health, family planning, access to land and water, forming a social movement of women etc. . Those SHGs formed on the initiative of the Banking System have the overwhelming objective to help SHGs get access to banking (saving and credit) services to improve the economic condition of their members and to wean them away from moneylenders. They may be called financial SHGs . SHGs are initiated by agents (bank clients, volunteers of farmers clubs, social workers etc.) or taken over from NGOs to offer bank services to them. Linkage Banking in India is, therefore, not exclusively working through existing informal SHG-institutions but predominantly with the formal banking system. Thus, SHGs have the feature based on which it may be argued that SHGs are Financial Model of Development. 
\section[{II. Operationalising the Concepts: SHG as Financial Intermediaries}]{II. Operationalising the Concepts: SHG as Financial Intermediaries}\par
Finding innovative ways to provide financial services to the poor so that they can improve their productive capacity and quality of life is the role of the financial intermediaries in the 21st century. Most formal financial institutions do not serve the poor because of perceived high risks, high costs involved in small transactions, low profitability, and most importantly, inability to provide the physical collateral generally required by such institutions. However, Government of developing economies has made serious effort to bring the 'unreachable' within the formal banking net through the directives and also offered a number of fiscal \& monetary mechanism to shorten the credit gap. Despite this progress, as of 2008 (2005 statistics), the World Bank has estimated that there were an estimated 1,345 million poor people in developing countries who live on \$1.25 a day or less (Headey, 2011[ ]).The demand for financial services from these low-income households is substantial, and their demand covers a wide range of products and services (ADB, 2007[ ]). Most poor and low-income households continue to rely on meager selffinance or informal sources of finance.\par
In India, SHGs represent a unique approach to financial intermediation (e.g. EDA, 2007[ ]; \hyperref[b11]{Solomon, 2010}[ ]; Venkatalakshmi \& Ambujam, 2012 [ ]). The approach combines access to low-cost financial services with a process of self management and development for the women who join as members of an SHG \hyperref[b13]{(Kulkarni \& Sonawane, 2012[ ])}. The SHGs are formed and supported usually by NGOs, or (increasingly) by Government agencies and sometimes directly by banks. SHGs are linked to banks first with a group deposit account, then for credit, which is disbursed to the group and in turn distributed to the members. SHGs encourage the saving habit which indirectly enhances the financial ability of the members and ensures prompt repayment. This is a very good substitute for the collateral insisted by the traditional bankers. Micro-finance through its SHG Linkage model is considered as a potential alternative for extending the financial services to the poor for various reasons like the ability of these institutions in providing credit and other financial services to the poor and the weaker sections, help them in overcoming financial shocks, support them in venturing into profitable entrepreneurial activities and encourage small savings. They also provide other financial services like Micro insurance and transfer of funds. SHG as financial intermediaries provides the following financial functions. 
\section[{a) Savings Function in SHGs}]{a) Savings Function in SHGs}\par
Thrift contributions by members to the group which sometimes mandatory or optional must be perceived as a savings product serving long term financial security needs. Pooled savings are either used for income generating activities or made available to members as per requirements. Such savings are generated by poor households either by refraining from consumption or postponement of their not so urgent needs. The thrift contribution reflects confidence of members on the group and is seen as an index of their stake in the process. 
\section[{b) Credit Function in SHGs}]{b) Credit Function in SHGs}\par
Providing credit access to members of poor household on sustainable basis is the primary objective of SHG. A well conceived loan programme in SHG viz. one time loan, productive loans etc. are the major elements of credit policy of SHGs which enhance its attractiveness to the members. Loans are often given for various purposes with/ without collateral security. c) Fund Management in SHG Management of fund is an important task. The SHGs generally accommodate funds to the members on need based and only for productive purposes along with a fixed repayment scheduled. Small savings from resource-poor households need operative protection against loss of deposits. Misappropriations in savings and credit groups as well as imprudent lending from internally generated deposits threaten the security of savings programme. They have to be shielded against the financial and non-financial risks. 
\section[{d) Record Keeping in SHGs}]{d) Record Keeping in SHGs}\par
Record keeping is possibly the most crucial function in a SHGs often confined to the periphery. An efficient record keeping assumes significance for promoting transparency in the system considering the need for providing safety of micro-deposits pooled in savings and credit programmes. 
\section[{e) Banking Relationship and Shgs}]{e) Banking Relationship and Shgs}\par
SHGs are primarily savings and credit groups and availing savings and credit services from local banks is a logical extension of their growth strategy to meet increasing credit demand from members. Moreover accessing savings services from banks will provide safety to the pooled funds. It is expected that groups will demonstrate desired maturity in terms of group and financial dynamics leading to inculcation of banking habits in the groups. It would also make possible the bringing about of general improvement in the nature and scale of operations that would accelerate economic development. 
\section[{f) Promotion of Financial Literacy}]{f) Promotion of Financial Literacy}\par
But lack of information and guidance regarding practices of savings and credit result in women taking wrong financial decisions; this stands in the way of their empowerment. Wise financial practices and right financial decision-making go hand in hand. To achieve this, increased information dissemination, knowledge sharing and promoting the practice of financial planning SHG organises such training. Generally SHGs provides training on budgeting, savings, debt management and other banking services. 
\section[{g) Promotion in Financial Inclusion}]{g) Promotion in Financial Inclusion}\par
SHGs are financed by bank without any collateral. Here peer group pressure is considered as collateral by the lenders. SBLP also helps to reduce transaction costs facilitates proper monitoring of funds by group members, economic empowerment of SHG members by collective decision making etc. In spite of the increased spread of formal banking network in the recent past, access to basic financial services are still beyond the reach of large sections of society. Saving Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) model exhibits the potential to provide an alternative mechanism to extend financial services to large unbanked sections of the society.\par
The micro-credit programme in general and SBLP in particular is a unique innovation of credit delivery technique to enhance income generating activities. The programme extends small loans to poor people for self-employment activities, thus, allowing the clients to achieve a better quality of life \hyperref[b14]{(Rahman, 1995}   IV. 
\section[{Objective of the Study}]{Objective of the Study}\par
The study is pursued keeping in view the following main objectives 1. To examine the perception of the direct stakeholders i.e. Promoters, Donors, Financial Institutions and the Group members of SHGs regarding the issue whether SHG is a financial model. 2. To forward conclusion based on the findings of the study.\par
V. 
\section[{Research Hypotheses}]{Research Hypotheses}\par
Given the survey of literature and objectives, the study is pursued to test the following statistical hypothesis:\par
Ho: There is no significant association in the opinion of the direct stakeholders (i.e. Promoters, Donors, Financial Institutions and the Group members) of SHGs regarding the issue whether SHG is a financial model. 
\section[{VI.}]{VI.} 
\section[{Methodology}]{Methodology}\par
The study uses both primary data and secondary data. Multi-stage random sampling method is used for the present study to collect primary data. As no such study were conducted in the context of Nagaon district of Assam and this study area being the native district of the scholar was purposively chosen for the present study. At the next level, five Development Blocks are selected randomly. In the later stage, three revenue villages from each of the selected Development Blocks are purposively selected. From each revenue village, three SHG members, who are associated actively, are selected randomly. Further, 12 Financial Institutions i.e. nationalised commercial bank and RRBs (operating in the study area); 10 Donors and 34 Promoters including banks, NGOs, NGO-MFI, Farmers Club and Government Departments are also selected randomly who are directly associated with the sampled SHGs (Table \hyperref[tab_4]{3}). Thus, the total sample size is 100 (Considered adequate by researchers like \hyperref[b24]{Comrey, 1973}[ ]; \hyperref[b25]{Nunnally, 1978}[ ]; \hyperref[b26]{Gorsuch, 1983}[ ] and Oppenhein, 1992[ ]; \hyperref[b28]{Coakes and Steed, 1997[ ])}. Primary data was collected from the 100 sample respondents using pre-tested questionnaire. The study was conducted during 2012. Secondary data was collected from report on Microfinance Status by NABARD, Branch Banking Status of RBI, NEDFi Databank on Northeast, SBI Local Head Office, Zonal and Regional Offices of Commercial Banks, Head Offices of Regional Rural Banks, Census India, NSSO, Directorate of SGSY (Guwahati-Assam), DRDA (Nagaon-Assam), Government of Assam, Reports of State Level Bankers Committee, Assam and Economic Survey, and literature published by different institutions on micro-finance have been used. The important variables were formulated and the relevant data collected from the field were coded and analysed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software.\par
Perceptions of direct stakeholders whether SHG is a financial model were expressed based on 5 Point Scale where SA= Strongly Agree (2), A = Agree (1), NAND = Neither agree nor disagree (0), DA = Disagree (-1), and SDA = Strongly disagree (-2). Further, the data collected was analysed using the measure of descriptive statistics like mean, variance, standard deviation, maximum, minimum etc. Further, Cronbach alpha, Normality Test i.e. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, and ANOVA were applied in analysing and interpreting the data. 
\section[{a) Profile of the Study Area}]{a) Profile of the Study Area}\par
The Central Assam District of Nagaon (spelled by the British as Nowgong) is one of the largest districts of Assam. It sprawls across almost four thousand square kilometers of fertile alluvial plains and thickly forested hills. Nagaon extends from 250-45' to 260 -45' North Latitude and 920 -33' -6" East Longitude. The district is bounded by Sonitpur district and the river Brahmaputra in the north, West Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills in the south and East Karbi Anglong and Golaghat district in the east. The mighty river Brahmaputra flows along the northern periphery of the district. Other major tributaries meandering through the district such as Kolong, Kopili drain into the Brahmaputra. Lying at a distance of 123 Kilometers by road from Guwahati, Nagaon town constitutes a vital corridor linking the Upper Assam districts of Golaghat, Jorhat, Sivasagar, Dibrugarh, Tinsukia and the North Assam districts of Sonitpur and North Lakhimpur. Nagaon has covered total area of 3,993 sq. km. The map of the study area is sketched on Figure \hyperref[fig_3]{2} and the demographic profiles of the study district are briefed in Table \hyperref[tab_1]{1}.   The SHG linkage approach operating in the districts of Nagaon is too some extent similar with the state structure. While we undertook pilot survey at preliminary stage in order to examine whether all models exist in practice, we found NGO as MFIs and NGO as financial intermediary did not exist separately. Therefore, Model II A and Model II B have been clubbed together into a single category termed as Model II (NGO as Financial Intermediary). Further, three MFI and fifty four Farmer Clubs have also promoted SHGs in the district. Besides, there are five Cooperative SHGs in the district of Nagaon (Micro Finance Status Report, NABARD 2010-11, and SLBC Report, March 2010). Further, the overall progress of SHGs under SHG-Bank linkage and MFI-Bank linkage in the study district are shown in the above Table \hyperref[tab_3]{2}. In Nagaon district, SHGs are formed and organised less than one or the other umbrella programmes of the Government, NGOs, banks and sometimes, even by the people themselves. The study consists of respondents from all groups i.e. both male and female as shown in Table \hyperref[tab_5]{4}. Out of 44 respondents belonging to Group members, 24 (54.5\%) are male and 20 (45.5\%) are female. Sincere effort is given to cover reasonable number of members from each category so that study is free from gender bias. Further, it is observed from the field report and other secondary resources that in the study area there are ample number of women SHGs.  From survey of literature and field study, it is observed that there is no specific boundary regarding the nature and functioning of SHPIs. It is observed that an SHPI can act both as promoter \& donor. Similarly, Government departments are also acting both promoter and Donor vis-a-vis financier. Therefore, the investigator collected information from stakeholders separately under different status who performed different tasks.\par
SHPIs, whether Farmers club, NGOs, banks or State governments, have been playing a vital role in promoting, nurturing and sustaining the SHG movement under SBLP in Assam. It is observed that the major promoter of SHGs in the study districts are DRDA (for SGSY scheme), followed by NGOs and Banks. A few NGO-MFI are also promoting SHGs in the study district. In this study respondent as promoter includes some officials of NGOs such as ASOMI, Prochesta-MFI, RGVN-MFI, Commercial banks, SIRD, DDM-NABARD, ASFABC, Agriculture Departments, Farmers Club etc. who are engaged in SHG promotion. In this way out of 100 respondents, 34 respondents belong to Promoter category.\par
'Donors and investors' encompasses a range of funding agencies, including bilateral donors, foundations, multilateral development banks, and socially oriented private investors. While NABARD and RMK etc. remains a major donor to NGOs and SHG institutions in India and have been receiving a fraction of required funds for their development. In the study district, NABARD, State Government under SGSY and NGO-MFIs are the major donors of SHGs. In this study respondents belonging to Donor includes some officials of NGO-MFI such as ASOMI, Prochesta-MFI, RGVN-MFI, Dristi Foundation, RuTAG-NE, Srimanta Sankardeb Sangstha; Officials of District Veterinary \& Animal Husbandry, NABARD, NERCRMP, SIRD, Agriculture Departments etc. In this way out of 100 respondents, 10 respondents comprises of Donor category.\par
SHPIs include banks, NGOs, NGO-MFIs and state governments. Here in the state of Assam and even in the study district SHPIs acts both promoter and financier. However for the sake of convenience of study, we have collected perceived opinions of different stakeholders on different scale of capacity, i.e. bank is considered financier, promoter and donor. In this study respondents belonging form Financial Institutions includes Officials of nationalised commercial banks including SBI, RRBs i.e. AGVB etc. In this way out of 100 respondents, 10 represented from Financial Institutions. Below section below depicts the detailed profile of Promoter, Donor, and Financial Institutions. 
\section[{Nationality of stakeholders}]{Nationality of stakeholders}\par
It is observed from the Table \hyperref[tab_19]{12} below that all the respondents belong to different categories are originated from India.  \hyperref[tab_20]{13}. It is observed that majority of respondents comes from other Government agencies (55.9\%) and Government departments (20.6\%). The share of other promoting organisation includes NGO-Universal (2.9\%), NGO-Nation hood (8.8\%) and NGO-Region hood (5.9\%). Therefore, it may also be concluded that a large variety of institutions that are engaged in the promotion of SHGs in the study districts are basically promoted by other government agencies i.e. DRDA (SGSY) is the major promoter of SHG in the study district.   To understand the reliability of the field data Cronbach's alpha test was conducted. The result of reliability statistics on the score on perception of stakeholders about SHG as financial model reveals that Cronbach's Alpha is 0.892 which is assumed 'good' and further denotes that there are the presences of internal consistency \hyperref[b29]{(Cronbach, 1951} Content validity was assessed after considering the findings of an extensive review of the literature on SHGs as financial intermediaries, and then discussing it with experts in the field (two academicians and two micro finance practitioners). Some items of the subscales were revised according to appropriate demographic circumstances of the study district. The descriptive scale statistics on the perception of different stakeholders of SHGs as financial model denotes the mean is -3.76, variance 149.578 and standard deviation 12.230 (Table \hyperref[tab_36]{23}). Further, to evaluate the normality of distribution of data on the perceptions of different stakeholders on different variables relating to SHGs as financial model, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted on the total score on opinion about SHGs as financial model (Table \hyperref[tab_37]{24}). Since the p-value is 0.138 for overall score of variables on financial model, there is no reason to doubt that the data come from population with a normal   \hyperref[tab_38]{25}) relating to overall score on SHGs as financial model is significant. In case of overall score of variables on SHGs as Financial model, F ratio (5.816) is significant (p = 0 .001) at the 0.05 alpha level. We conclude that at least one of the group mean is significantly different from the others (or that at least two of the group means are significantly different from each other). Further, the stakeholder-wise descriptive statistics (Table \hyperref[tab_40]{26}) on overall score on SHGs as Financial Model depicts that Promoters shows highest mean value followed by Financial Institutions on overall score on SHGs as Financial Model. The group members reported negative mean on overall score on SHGs as Financial Model.\par
Since in case of overall score on SHGs as Financial model wherein the means form all four groups are not equal hence, we resorted to find out item-wise analysis on variables relating to financial model wherein the means are not equal (Table \hyperref[tab_41]{27}) which are self explanatory. It is observed from the Table \hyperref[tab_41]{27} that the direct stakeholders have negative perception on the statements which does not recognise SHGs as Financial model viz. Helps in money transfers (FM 4 ), Helps in insurance to group members (FM 6), Ability to take financial risk (FM 7), Helps in preparation of cash book and other ledger books (FM 9), Helps in acquiring the skill of cash management (FM 10), Helps in acquiring the skill budgeting (FM 11), Helps in special loan products for women from funding agencies (FM 12), Helps in pre-loan help with business planning by fund provider to the groups (FM 13), Helps in special loan guarantee and collateral arrangements for groups (FM   From the above Table \hyperref[tab_41]{27} of descriptive statistics on item wise perception of stakeholders about SHG as financial model, it is observed that out of 30 elements representing SHGs as financial model, in seventeen \hyperref[b14]{(17)} elements where mean value is negative and only in thirteen \hyperref[b10]{(13)} elements whose mean value is positive. Therefore, thirteen \hyperref[b10]{(13)} elements relating to financial model construct whose mean value is positive are considered as the main elements to recognise SHGs as financial model of development. 
\section[{IX.}]{IX.} 
\section[{Conclusion}]{Conclusion}\par
SHGs emerge as an important strategy for empowering women and alleviating poverty. They are an effective strategy for poverty alleviation, women development and social empowerment. The women SHGs have enhanced the status of women as participant decision makers and beneficiaries on the democratic, economic, social and cultural spheres of life and sensitised the women members to take active part in socio-economic progress of rural India.\par
In recent year SHGs are emerging as alternative credit source to the poor. NABARD views the SHG as essentially a financial model facilitating a supplementary credit delivery mechanism for poor families that had not been reached by the banking system. A lot of literature are found on the role of SHGs in empowering women and also have cross world evidences that SHGs are helpful in reducing poverty. Economic empowerment through SHGs is in fact different from financial intermediation function of SHGs. A few studies also supported that the SHG is considered as financial model too and ensures low cost means of rural lending in the absence of formal financial institutions.\par
The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on overall score of variables on SHGs as financial model is used to determine whether there are any significant differences between the means of two or more independent (unrelated) groups. From the ANOVA test on overall score of variables on SHGs as financial model, we have rejected the null hypothesis that all four groups' means are equal. We conclude that at least one of the group means is significantly different from the others (or that at least two of the group means are significantly different from each other).\par
Since it is statistically proved that the means form all four groups are not equal hence, we resorted to find out item wise analysis on variables relating to financial model wherefrom it is observed that the means are not equal. The descriptive statistics on item wise perception of stakeholders about SHG as financial model, narrated that out of thirty \hyperref[b28]{(30)} elements, on seventeen \hyperref[b14]{(17)} elements where mean value is negative and on thirteen \hyperref[b10]{(13)} elements whose mean value is positive. Therefore, these thirteen \hyperref[b10]{(13)}  \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-2.png}
\caption{\label{fig_0}C}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-3.png}
\caption{\label{fig_1}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1}\includegraphics[]{image-4.png}
\caption{\label{fig_2}Figure 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2}\includegraphics[]{image-5.png}
\caption{\label{fig_3}Figure 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-6.png}
\caption{\label{fig_4}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-7.png}
\caption{\label{fig_5}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-8.png}
\caption{\label{fig_6}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-9.png}
\caption{\label{fig_7}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{}\includegraphics[]{image-10.png}
\caption{\label{fig_8}}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_0}SHG as Financial Model Savings Function (SF) Credit Function (CF) Risk \& Insurance (RI) Financial Literacy and Inclusion (FI) Fund Management (FM) Record Keeping(RK) Financial Relationship Management (FR) 3 5 2 4 9 2 5 FM 1 FM 4 FM 5 FM 2 FM 3 FM 25 FM 26 FM 27 FM 8 FM 15 FM 16 FM 18 FM 9 FM 17 FM 12 FM 13 FM 14 FM 19 FM 24 FM 6 FM 7 FM 10 FM 22 FM 11 FM 23 FM 20 FM 28 FM 21 FM 29 FM 30}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_1}Table 1 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{1} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6024725274725274\textwidth}P{0.06071428571428571\textwidth}P{0.18681318681318682\textwidth}}
Assam, India\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Total\tabcellsep 2,826,006 1,440,307\tabcellsep 1,385,699 (Female)\\
Population\tabcellsep (Males)\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total ST Population}\tabcellsep 89394\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total SC Population}\tabcellsep 215209\\
Male literacy\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 78.19\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Female literacy}\tabcellsep 69.21\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Population Density}\tabcellsep 711 per sq. km\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total House Holds}\tabcellsep 378778\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{BPL House Holds}\tabcellsep 177697\\
BPL P/C\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 46.91\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{No. of SHG Formed}\tabcellsep 24156*\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{*Up to March 2011; Source: Census Report 2011 and}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Microfinance Status Report, NABARD 2010-11}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_2}Table 1 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{2} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5720869565217391\textwidth}P{0.08426086956521739\textwidth}P{0.10495652173913043\textwidth}P{0.08869565217391304\textwidth}}
Promoter\tabcellsep No. of\tabcellsep No. of SHG\tabcellsep No. of\\
\tabcellsep SHG\tabcellsep taken up\tabcellsep Women\\
\tabcellsep Formed\tabcellsep Economic\tabcellsep SHGs\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep activity\tabcellsep Formed\\
\tabcellsep Total*\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Total\\
SGSY\tabcellsep 20590\tabcellsep 5592\tabcellsep 12630\\
Asomi-MFI\tabcellsep 24\tabcellsep 15\tabcellsep 22\\
Prochesta-MFI\tabcellsep 64\tabcellsep 35\tabcellsep 37\\
RGVN-MFI\tabcellsep 87\tabcellsep 56\tabcellsep 64\\
NGO-MFI\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
SK Human\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 44\\
Welfare Assoc.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Gharoa**\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 28\tabcellsep 38\\
Jana Chetana\tabcellsep 62\tabcellsep 24\tabcellsep 48\\
Samity Asom\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Zeal Thrill\tabcellsep 50\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 40\\
Friend-ship\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Group**\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Gramya US\tabcellsep 31\tabcellsep 11\tabcellsep 26\\
Bank ***\tabcellsep 165\tabcellsep 56\tabcellsep 132\\
Farmer Club\tabcellsep 258\tabcellsep 123\tabcellsep 168\\
/SHG as\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Cooperative\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
society\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Others\tabcellsep 2725\tabcellsep 121\tabcellsep 87\\
including Govt.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Depts.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Total\tabcellsep 24156\tabcellsep 6098\tabcellsep 13336\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{*Total since 1 st April, 1999;**Promoted with Banks,}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{***Reported from SLBC Report, March 2010.}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Microfinance Status Report, NABARD 2010-11, and}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{SLBC Report, March 2010}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_3}Table 2 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{3} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.0802060737527115\textwidth}P{0.18530368763557484\textwidth}P{0.008297180043383947\textwidth}P{0.047017353579175705\textwidth}P{0.08573752711496746\textwidth}P{0.01936008676789588\textwidth}P{0.1972885032537961\textwidth}P{0.01936008676789588\textwidth}P{0.10233188720173536\textwidth}P{0.01936008676789588\textwidth}P{0.08573752711496746\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2013\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ear\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Y\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Volume XIII Issue XI Version I\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep ( ) C\\
Name Development of Block Raha Binakandi Dhalpukhuri Odali\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Name Revenue Villages Raha Bazar, Rajagaon, Amsoi Ambari, Ruhini Pather, Pachim Jamunagaon Kapilipar, Howaipur, Pachim Lankagaon No. 2 Pipal pukhuri, Lankajan, Ranipukhuri,}\tabcellsep No Sample of SHGs 3*3= 9 3*3= 9 3*3= 9 3*3= 9\tabcellsep NGO/ NGO-MFI/ Promoter NGO Farmers Club Farmers Club Farmers Club\tabcellsep No of Sample 3 2 2 2\tabcellsep Govt. Stakeholders Agr. Extension Officers Agr. Extension Officers Field Officer, Dist Vet \& Animal Hus, Nagaon Village Extension officers\tabcellsep No of Sample 1 1 1 1\tabcellsep Name of the Financier/ Promoter PNB, SBI UBI, SBI, AGVB SBI, AGVB UBI, UCO\tabcellsep No of Sample 2 3 2 2\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\
Lumding\tabcellsep 3\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep 3*3= 9\tabcellsep NGO\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep Agr. Extension\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep Allahabad\tabcellsep 3\\
\tabcellsep Derapather,\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Officers\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Bank, SBI,\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep No.\tabcellsep kaki,\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep AGVB\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Narayanpue,}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
District level\tabcellsep Nil\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep NGO-MFI= 3\tabcellsep \tabcellsep DRDA Officials= 1\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Financer = Nil\tabcellsep \\
(Nagaon)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Govt. Depts.= 7}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Programme Officer-}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{NERCRMP, Nagaon= 1}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_4}Table 3 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{4} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5919642857142857\textwidth}P{0.04047619047619047\textwidth}P{0.12142857142857141\textwidth}P{0.09613095238095237\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Gender}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
\tabcellsep Male\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 24\\
Gender of SHG\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 54.5\%\\
Member\tabcellsep Female\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 20\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 45.5\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{ii. Age composition of the sample respondents}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{The study consists of respondents from all age}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{groups. Distribution of the sample respondents by age}\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{composition is furnished in}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_5}Table 4 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_6}Table 5 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{5} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.10144032921810699\textwidth}P{0.23086419753086418\textwidth}P{0.10843621399176955\textwidth}P{0.241358024691358\textwidth}P{0.1679012345679012\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Age\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Below 30 yr\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 11\\
Age of\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 25.0\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{SHG Member in Years}\tabcellsep 30-40 yr 40 \& above\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count\tabcellsep 12 27.3\% 21\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 47.7\%\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
iii.\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Caste of group members}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_7}Table 5 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{6} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.555893536121673\textwidth}P{0.06787072243346008\textwidth}P{0.1405893536121673\textwidth}P{0.08564638783269962\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Caste\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
\tabcellsep General\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 22\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 50.0\%\\
Caste \& Sub Caste of SHG Member\tabcellsep Schedule Caste Schedule\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count\tabcellsep 13 29.5\% 7\\
\tabcellsep Tribes\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 15.9\%\\
\tabcellsep Others\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 2\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 4.5\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{iv. Social status of group members}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{The study constitutes respondents from}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{different members from all community having different}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{social status, namely, Most Backward Community,}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Backward Community and Forward Community.}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by social status}\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: C]} 
\caption{\label{tab_8}Table 6 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_9}Self Help Groups -A Financial Model: Perceptions of Stakeholders is}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{7} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.1810996563573883\textwidth}P{0.33591065292096217\textwidth}P{0.19570446735395186\textwidth}P{0.1372852233676976\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Social Status}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
\tabcellsep Most Backward\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 3\\
\tabcellsep Community\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 6.8\%\\
Social Status of SHG Member\tabcellsep Backward Community Forward Community\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count \% of Total\tabcellsep 27 61.4\% 14 31.8\%\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{v. Economic status of group members}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_10}Table 7 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{8} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_11}Table 8 presents}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{8} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.3130239520958084\textwidth}P{0.18577844311377245\textwidth}P{0.21377245508982035\textwidth}P{0.1374251497005988\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Economic Status}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Members\\
\tabcellsep Below Poverty\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 15\\
\tabcellsep Level\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 34.1\%\\
Economic Status of SHG Member\tabcellsep Green Card Holder Job Card Holder Others\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count \% of Total Count\tabcellsep 7 15.9\% 4 9.1\% 18\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 40.9\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{vi. Duration of membership in SHG of group members}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_12}Table 8 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{9} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_13}Table 9}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{9} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.3119528619528619\textwidth}P{0.14595959595959596\textwidth}P{0.23754208754208753\textwidth}P{0.15454545454545454\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Duration of Membership}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
\tabcellsep 1-4 yr\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 17\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 38.6\%\\
Duration of Membership in SHG\tabcellsep 4-5 yr 5-6 yr\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count \% of Total\tabcellsep 15 34.1\% 4 9.1\%\\
\tabcellsep Above 6 yr\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 8\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 18.2\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{vii. Literacy level of group members}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_14}Table 9 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{10} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_15}Table 10}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{10} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.7468337730870712\textwidth}P{0.10316622691292876\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep 2013\\
\tabcellsep ear\\
\tabcellsep Y\\
Education level\tabcellsep Volume XIII Issue XI Version I\\
\tabcellsep )\\
Group Members\tabcellsep ( C\\
Educational Level of SHG Member Total Below 10th Primary Std. 10th Std. Above 10th Std. Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire Count \% of Total 20.5\% 9 Count 4 \% of Total 9.1\% Count 11 \% of Total 25.0\% Count 20 \% of Total 45.5\% Count 44 \% of Total 100.0\% viii. Annual income of group members Distribution of the sample respondents by annual income is presented in Table 11. It is inferred from the table that annual income of the majority of the sample respondents ranges up to Rs.50, 000 (56.8\%). At the next level, 43.2\% of the sample respondents' annual income of the sample respondents ranges from\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\
Rs. 50,000 -Rs. 1 lakhs.\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_16}Table 10 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Backward Community (61.4\%), while 31.8\% of the\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_17}A Financial Model: Perceptions of Stakeholders}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{11} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.661266447368421\textwidth}P{0.06850328947368421\textwidth}P{0.06710526315789474\textwidth}P{0.053125\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Annual Income}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Group Members\\
Annual Income of\tabcellsep Upto Rs. 50\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 25\\
SHG Member\tabcellsep Thousand\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 56.8\%\\
\tabcellsep Rs. 50-Rs. 1\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 19\\
\tabcellsep lakhs\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 43.2\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 44\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
b)\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{'Stakeholders' means the persons or institutions}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{with whom any stake or interest is vested or created to}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{facilitate the promotion of SHG movement, which shall}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{include the regulators, promoters, donor, financier,}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{educators and facilitators of the SHG movement. Major}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{stakeholders in SHGs are, therefore includes all Self}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Help Promoting Institutions (SHPIs) i.e. Promoter,}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Donor, Financier and the SHGs itself.}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_18}Table 11 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{12} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.21956521739130436\textwidth}P{0.2826086956521739\textwidth}P{0.23695652173913045\textwidth}P{0.08043478260869566\textwidth}P{0.004347826086956522\textwidth}P{0.010869565217391304\textwidth}P{0.015217391304347825\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Originality/Nationality of Stakeholders}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category}\tabcellsep Total\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Promoter Donor}\tabcellsep FIs\\
Nationality\tabcellsep Indian\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Count \% of Total 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 34 10 12 56}\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 56\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{\% of Total 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\%}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{ii. Nature of promoting organisation}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{Nature of Promoting Organisation is presented in Table}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_19}Table 12 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{13} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6980014025245441\textwidth}P{0.05066619915848527\textwidth}P{0.0673562412342216\textwidth}P{0.033976157082748946\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Nature of Promoting Organisation}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Promoter\\
\tabcellsep Govt. Depts.\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 7\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 20.6\%\\
\tabcellsep Other Govt.\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 19\\
\tabcellsep Agencies\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 55.9\%\\
Nature of Promoting\tabcellsep NGO-Universal\tabcellsep Count \% of Total\tabcellsep 1 2.9\%\\
Organisation\tabcellsep NGO-Nation\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 3\\
\tabcellsep hood\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 8.8\%\\
\tabcellsep NGO-Region\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 2\\
\tabcellsep hood\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 5.9\%\\
\tabcellsep NGO-Statehood\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 2\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 5.9\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{iii. Place of location of stakeholders}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by Place}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{of Location of Stakeholders is presented in Table 14. It}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{is observed that majority of respondents belonging to}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Promoter located in Assam (52.9\%), 41.2\% of the}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{respondents belonging to Promoter originated from}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{outside North East India while 5.9\% of the respondents}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{belonging to Promoter originated from Outside Assam}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{but within NER. Similarly, majority of respondents}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{belonging to Donor located in Assam (60\%) and equal}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{number of respondents belonging to Donor originated}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{from outside North East India and from Outside Assam}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{but within NER (20\% each). Further, it is observed that}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{majority of respondents belonging to Financial}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Institutions have functioning at all India level (66.7\%)}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{while 33.3\% of the respondents belonging to Financial}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Institutions are originated within Assam. However,}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{majority of stakeholder have originated from Assam}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{(50\%), 7.14\% respondents from other states of North-}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{eastern region of India and 42.86\% respondents whose}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{existence is situated at all India level.}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_20}Table 13 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{14} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.7083333333333334\textwidth}P{0.04047619047619047\textwidth}P{0.10119047619047618\textwidth}}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Stakeholders Category}\tabcellsep Total\\
Promoter Donor\tabcellsep FI\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_21}Table 14 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_22}-A Financial Model: Perceptions of Stakeholders}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{15} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_23}Table 15 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{16} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.2002403846153846\textwidth}P{0.14711538461538462\textwidth}P{0.28810096153846154\textwidth}P{0.07560096153846153\textwidth}P{0.08990384615384615\textwidth}P{0.034735576923076925\textwidth}P{0.014302884615384615\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category}\tabcellsep Total\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Promoter Donor}\tabcellsep FI\\
Nature\tabcellsep Financial Both\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Count \% of Total 52.9\% 18 Count 16}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{1 10.0\% 91.7\% 53.57\% 11 30 9 1 26}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{\% of Total 47.1\%}\tabcellsep 90.0\%\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{8.3\% 46.43\%}\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 56\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{\% of Total 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{vi. Recovery percentage of SHG promoted by}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{stakeholders}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{Recover Percentage of SHG Promoted is presented in}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_24}Table 16 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{17} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_25}Table 17 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{17} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.19629237288135593\textwidth}P{0.21970338983050844\textwidth}P{0.15667372881355932\textwidth}P{0.12425847457627118\textwidth}P{0.0774364406779661\textwidth}P{0.07563559322033898\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category Total}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep FIs\tabcellsep Donor\tabcellsep \\
Percentage Recovery\tabcellsep Below 25\% 25-50\% 50-75\% Above 75\%\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count \% of Total Count \% of Total Count \% of Total\tabcellsep 0 0\% 0 0\% 10 83.3\% 2 16.7\%\tabcellsep 0 0\% 6 60.0\% 4 40.0\% 0 0\%\tabcellsep 0 0\% 6 27.27\% 14 63.64\% 2 9.09\%\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 22\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\tabcellsep 100.0\%\tabcellsep 100\%\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{vii. Impact assessment by stakeholders}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{performing of Performance Assessment is presented in}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_26}Table 17 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{18} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_27}Table 18 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{18} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.12821229050279329\textwidth}P{0.1329608938547486\textwidth}P{0.17569832402234636\textwidth}P{0.04748603351955307\textwidth}P{0.3276536312849162\textwidth}P{0.009497206703910615\textwidth}P{0.01899441340782123\textwidth}P{0.009497206703910615\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category Total}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Promoter FIs}\tabcellsep Donor\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{No Count}\tabcellsep 27\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 5\tabcellsep 39\\
Impact\tabcellsep Assessment\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{\% of Total Yes Count \% of}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{79.4\% 100.0\% 50.0\% 69.64\% 7 0 5 12 20.6\% 0\% 50.0\% 21.43\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 56\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{6}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{performing of Quality Assessment is presented in}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_28}Table 18 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{19} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_29}Table 19 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{19} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.057464788732394356\textwidth}P{0.06464788732394365\textwidth}P{0.014366197183098589\textwidth}P{0.4070422535211267\textwidth}P{0.09816901408450704\textwidth}P{0.1484507042253521\textwidth}P{0.03830985915492958\textwidth}P{0.021549295774647887\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Quality Assessment Conducted}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category}\tabcellsep Total\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Promoter\tabcellsep FIs\tabcellsep Donor\\
Quality\tabcellsep assessment\tabcellsep No Yes\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Count \% of Total 67.6\% 23 Count 11 \% of Total 32.4\%}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{9 75.0\% 60.0\% 67.86\% 6 38 3 4 18 25.0\% 40.0\% 32.14\%}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 56\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{\% of Total 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{viii. Performance}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{assessment}\tabcellsep conducted\tabcellsep by\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{stakeholders}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: C]} 
\caption{\label{tab_30}Table 19 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.3908045977011494\textwidth}P{0.4591954022988506\textwidth}}
Volume XIII Issue XI Version I\tabcellsep \\
Global Journal of Management and Business Research\tabcellsep Distribution of the sample respondents by performing of Performance Assessment is presented in\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_31}Self Help Groups -A Financial Model: Perceptions of Stakeholders}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{20} \par 
\begin{longtable}{}
\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_32}Table 20 .}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{20} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.31122625215889466\textwidth}P{0.022020725388601035\textwidth}P{0.2172711571675302\textwidth}P{0.045509499136442144\textwidth}P{0.11891191709844559\textwidth}P{0.10129533678756476\textwidth}P{0.017616580310880828\textwidth}P{0.01614853195164076\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Performance Assessment Conducted}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Stakeholders Category}\tabcellsep Total\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Promoter\tabcellsep FIs\tabcellsep Donor\\
Performance\tabcellsep Assessment\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{No Count \% of Total Yes Count \% of}\tabcellsep 15 44.1\% 19 55.9\%\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{5 41.7\% 40.0\% 42.85\% 4 24 7 6 32 58.3\% 60.0\% 57.14\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep 56\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\% 100.0\%}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{6}{l}{ix. Nature of Donor organisation}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{5}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{Nature of Donor Organisation is presented in Table 21. It}\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{is observed that majority of respondents comes from}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Government}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Departments}\tabcellsep (50\%),\tabcellsep while\tabcellsep 20\%\\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{respondents belong to NGO and 30\% belong to Trust.}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_33}Table 20 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{21} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6364249578414839\textwidth}P{0.06593591905564924\textwidth}P{0.09460370994940978\textwidth}P{0.053035413153457\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Nature of Donor Organisation}\tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Donor\\
\tabcellsep Govt.\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 5\\
\tabcellsep Dept\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 50.0\%\\
Nature of Donor Organisation\tabcellsep Trust NGO\tabcellsep Count \% of Total Count\tabcellsep 3 30.0\% 2\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 20.0\%\\
Total\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 10\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{x. Nature of financial institution}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Distribution of the sample respondents by}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{nature of financial institution is presented in Table 22. It}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{is observed that majority of respondents comes from}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Public Sector Financial Institutions like SBI and Other}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{nationalised commercial banks available in the study}\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{district (75\%), while 25\% respondents belong to}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Regional Rural bank i.e. AGVB.}\tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_34}Table 21 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{22} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.28986175115207374\textwidth}P{0.19585253456221197\textwidth}P{0.1880184331797235\textwidth}P{0.17626728110599077\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Nature of Financial institution}\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Financial Institutions\\
Nature of\tabcellsep Public Sector\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 9\\
Financial\tabcellsep FI\tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 75.0\%\\
Institutions\tabcellsep RRBs\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 3\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 25.0\%\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Total}\tabcellsep Count\tabcellsep 12\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \% of Total\tabcellsep 100.0\%\\
\multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_35}Table 22 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{23} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.85\textwidth}}
Statistic Std.\\
Error\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_36}Table 23 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{24} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.6558894230769231\textwidth}P{0.05721153846153846\textwidth}P{0.13689903846153847\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Overall Score on\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Financial Model\\
N\tabcellsep \tabcellsep 100\\
Normal Parameters a,b\tabcellsep Mean\tabcellsep -3.76\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Std. Deviation}\tabcellsep 12.230\\
Most Extreme Differences\tabcellsep Absolute\tabcellsep .116\\
\tabcellsep Positive\tabcellsep .116\\
\tabcellsep Negative\tabcellsep -.062\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z}\tabcellsep 1.156\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)}\tabcellsep .138\\
a. Test distribution is Normal.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
b. Calculated from data.\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\tabcellsep \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{e) ANOVA analysis on the score on perceptions of}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{stakeholder about SHG as Financial model}\\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{Further, from the ANOVA output (Table}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_37}Table 24 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{25} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.04135135135135135\textwidth}P{0.7213513513513513\textwidth}P{0.05972972972972973\textwidth}P{0.027567567567567567\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep Sum of\tabcellsep df Mean\tabcellsep F Sig.\\
\tabcellsep Squares\tabcellsep Square\\
Financial\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Between Groups 2277.524 3 759.175 5.816 0.001 Within Groups 12530.716 96 130.528 Model Total 14808.240 99}\\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_38}Table 25 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{26} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.06318944844124699\textwidth}P{0.11211031175059953\textwidth}P{0.020383693045563547\textwidth}P{0.17326139088729017\textwidth}P{0.057074340527577934\textwidth}P{0.06115107913669064\textwidth}P{0.14676258992805755\textwidth}P{0.07541966426858514\textwidth}P{0.07541966426858514\textwidth}P{0.06522781774580336\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep N\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Mean Std. Deviation Std.}\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{95\% Confidence}\tabcellsep Minimum\tabcellsep Maximum\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Error\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Interval for Mean}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Lower\tabcellsep Upper\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep Bound\tabcellsep Bound\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
Overall Score on\tabcellsep Promoter\tabcellsep 34\tabcellsep .736\tabcellsep 10.766\tabcellsep 1.846\tabcellsep -3.021\tabcellsep 4.492\tabcellsep -14.00\tabcellsep 26.00\\
Financial Model\tabcellsep Donor\tabcellsep 10\tabcellsep .00\tabcellsep 10.360\tabcellsep 3.276\tabcellsep -7.411\tabcellsep 7.411\tabcellsep -10.00\tabcellsep 20.00\\
\tabcellsep Financial\tabcellsep 12\tabcellsep .083\tabcellsep 9.239\tabcellsep 2.667\tabcellsep -5.787\tabcellsep 5.954\tabcellsep -13.00\tabcellsep 14.00\\
\tabcellsep Institutions\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \\
\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Group Members 44}\tabcellsep -9.136\tabcellsep 12.576\tabcellsep 1.896\tabcellsep -12.96\tabcellsep -5.313\tabcellsep -30.00\tabcellsep 20.00\\
\tabcellsep Total\tabcellsep 100\tabcellsep -3.76\tabcellsep 12.23\tabcellsep 1.223\tabcellsep -6.187\tabcellsep -1.333\tabcellsep -30.00\tabcellsep 26.00\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \multicolumn{4}{l}{Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \end{longtable} \par
 
\caption{\label{tab_40}Table 26 :}\end{figure}
 \begin{figure}[htbp]
\noindent\textbf{27} \par 
\begin{longtable}{P{0.5859123794212219\textwidth}P{0.012982315112540192\textwidth}P{0.035188906752411576\textwidth}P{0.0280144694533762\textwidth}P{0.0485128617363344\textwidth}P{0.04987942122186495\textwidth}P{0.05807877813504823\textwidth}P{0.03143086816720257\textwidth}}
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep \tabcellsep 2013\\
FM -ID\tabcellsep Statements relating to Financial Model\tabcellsep \multicolumn{2}{l}{Minimum Maximum}\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Mean\tabcellsep Std. Deviation\tabcellsep Y ear\\
\tabcellsep \tabcellsep Statistic\tabcellsep \multicolumn{3}{l}{Statistic Statistic Std. Error}\tabcellsep Statistic\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -1 Helps in collection of deposits.}\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep 1.72\tabcellsep .045\tabcellsep .451\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -2 Helps in providing loans without security. FM -3 Helps in providing loans with security. FM -4 Helps in money transfers. FM -5 Helps in cash deposit in Bank at the earliest possible time. FM -6 Helps in insurance to group members FM -7 Ability to take financial risk. FM -8 Helps in increases the capacity to spend more. FM -9 Helps in preparation of cash book and other ledger books. FM -10 Helps in acquiring the skill of cash management. FM -11 Helps in acquiring the skill budgeting. FM -12 Helps in special loan products for women from funding agencies.}\tabcellsep 1 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2\tabcellsep 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1\tabcellsep 1.57 .57 -.51 1.12 -.51 -.18 .35 -.48 -.63 -1.02 -1.35\tabcellsep .050 .155 .108 .077 .113 .101 .074 .102 .099 .091 .088\tabcellsep .498 1.552 1.078 .769 1.133 1.009 .744 1.020 .991 .910 .880\tabcellsep Volume XIII Issue XI Version I\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -13 Helps in pre-loan help with business planning by fund provider to the groups}\tabcellsep -2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep -1.36\tabcellsep .094\tabcellsep .938\tabcellsep ( )\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -14 Helps in special loan guarantee and collateral arrangements for groups. FM -15 Helps in launching of financial literacy projects for SHG members by promoters, donors and FI FM -16 Helps in women members having workable knowledge of calculations FM -17 Helps women members maintaining records of financial transactions. FM -18 Helps women members understanding of basic banking process. FM -19 Understand and manage commercial rate of interest on loan. FM -20 Understand and manage investment of SHGs. FM -21 Understand and manage assets of SHG. FM -22 Understand and manage liability of the SHG. FM -23 Understand and manage financing portfolio of SHG. FM -24 Understand and manage compulsory saving requirement. FM -25 Understand and manage repayment methods. FM -26 Understand and manage revolving of credit mechanism.}\tabcellsep -2 -2 0 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1\tabcellsep 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2\tabcellsep -1.45 .38 1.03 .75 .91 -.75 -.82 -1.01 -.90 -1.00 1.06 .87 .63\tabcellsep .087 .085 .026 .074 .047 .073 .070 .056 .081 .085 .040 .061 .073\tabcellsep .869 .850 .264 .744 .473 .730 .702 .559 .810 .853 .397 .614 .734\tabcellsep Global Journal of Management and Business Research\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -27 Understand and manage loan utilization check.}\tabcellsep -2\tabcellsep 2\tabcellsep .24\tabcellsep .095\tabcellsep .955\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -28 Understand and manage cash flow projection.}\tabcellsep -2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep -.97\tabcellsep .074\tabcellsep .745\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -29 Understand and manage return on earning.}\tabcellsep -2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep -1.01\tabcellsep .075\tabcellsep .745\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{FM -30 Understand and manage operating expenses.}\tabcellsep -2\tabcellsep 1\tabcellsep -1.01\tabcellsep .075\tabcellsep .745\end{longtable} \par
  {\small\itshape [Note: C Self Help Groups -A Financial Model: Perceptions of Stakeholders Valid N (list wise) 100 Source: Compiled from the Questionnaire]} 
\caption{\label{tab_41}Table 27 :}\end{figure}
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\end{document}