Meta-Analytical Validity of the Social Entrepreneurship Inventory: A Study of Random Effect Sizes

Table of contents

1.

Introduction he text reviews and introduces various intertwined themes on the one hand, using important theoretical approaches to social psychology and, on the other, the analysis of the strong economic dependence of countries with emerging economies (Aguilar, 2016). Thus, the problems of the migration of Mexicans from Huasteca Potosina, the social and environmental conditions that expel them from the communities of origin, the adaptive adjustments to the receiving culture on their trip to the United States, and the use of resources Economic generated are amalgamated presenting a very valuable approximation of the reality addressed. Likewise, the Latin American education system is increasingly subject to the demands of the market and to promote consumerism, and how the relationships of an automotive company and the public university develop trying to strengthen ties that allow a local entrepreneurial training system (Garcia, 2015).

Approaching a comprehensive vision of the migration process is undertaken from the perspective of migrants from the Huasteca Postosina in their perspective of reaching north and obtaining a way of life that exceeds their limitations of place of origin, which implies a cultural and adaptive cost social that they will have to face when they remain in the United States and upon their return (García, 2018). Statistical models, scalar measurement techniques and the analysis of the effects between the factors help to test clearly grounded assumptions (Limon, 2018). The analysis of surveys allows a quantitative approach to the interdependence of variables such as the identity of the migrant and the social representation of the northern country (Sanchez, 2016).

Also, entering the mental schemes exposed by residents with migratory experience with the help of interviews generates a wealth of very wide information that helps to give understanding of the process that includes the departure, the stay and the return (Aldana, 2018). This cycle leaves the migrant and his family new ways of understanding and appreciating their place of origin but gives them a reason to create initiatives for transformation in their community, which may consist of expanding and maintaining their family and community buildings (Hernandez, 2014). Conditions of low water availability and employment are indicated as events that push them to migrate (Quintero, 2015).

The basic theories of this extensive study include social representation, social categorization, identity and comparison. Social representation, a theory whose dynamism shows its validity and explanatory power in the present, judging by the Papers on social representations, dissemination body of many of the world's most renowned social psychologists who are inspired by Sergei Moscovici's theory (Aldana, 2019). The social representations bring the social to the analysis where other notions of social psychology seem to go astray in individualism as an explanatory basis of events (Morales, 2014). In Mexico, the theory has taken root in an important way and has been used in diverse social issues such as marginalized groups, health and illness, the environment, gender, worker's work, academic evaluation systems, and violence among several others (Martinez, 2019).

The adequacy of the theory and the social problems addressed account for its versatility, even if it is taken as a dependent or independent variable (Garcia, 2019). Regarding theories of social categorization, identity and social comparison, they are approximations that are intertwined in the explanations about the dynamics of the groups and their conformation (Bustos, 2018). As Henri Tajfel said, social categorization results from a need to bring the components of social reality into groups that are more understandable to people (Mecalco, 2014).

While social categories are being integrated, we determine the defining elements of social identity, intragroup and intergroup comparison, as well as the links attributed to categorization and identity (Mejia, 2016). These processes are useful to approach the explanation of the migratory phenomena of the Potosí peasants in their journey, stay and return of the United States (Anguiano, 2018). The work shows us how an exchange is generated between the cultural elements of origin of the migrant and those of the culture it reaches, the migrant does not lose his identity, but enriches it, which can mean a high cost for the migrant , while feeling part of a town, a way of being and thinking clearly defined, to those who eventually return and that if possible provide economic resources that result in improvements to housing and its properties as well as those of the community to which it belongs (Hernandez, 2016).

The work shows us how an exchange is generated between the cultural elements of origin of the migrant and those of the culture it reaches, the migrant does not lose his identity, but enriches it, which can mean a high cost for the migrant , while feeling part of a town, a clearly defined way of being and thinking, to those who eventually return and who possibly provide economic resources that result in improvements to housing and its properties as well as those of the community to the one that belongs (Blanes, 2018). Despite the rejection and discrimination of migrants, continuous migration, so it is essential to understand the ways in which they are integrated or adapted to the socio-cultural contexts to which they arrive and on which their long-term stay can depend greatly (Salinas, 2015). Several groups have taken the alternative of settling in small towns as a way of living satisfactorily with their aspirations (Mendoza, 2017).

However, this means facing high levels of discrimination against residents and overcoming numerous barriers such as mastering a new language, adjusting to the ways of acting before the laws and policies of the new country, which will consequently cause customs, values and ways of life are adjusted, in an interplay with local customs and conditions (Bustos, 2019). The receiving culture, consequently also undergoes changes that are gradually reflected in the culinary, musical, and language customs, among other exchange spaces (Morales, 2013).

Many of the social and psychosocial processes that emerge from the interactions between cultures that migration entails expect to be addressed by social scientists in which case theories of categorization, identity and social comparison will have a central role (Delgado, 2018). The exposed research work shows us that the returning migrant maintains his identity, but achieves a certain differentiation based on his economy and his work and cultural experience abroad that categorizes him in a different community group in his own locality of origin (Quezada, 2017).

The theoretical analysis, focused on small and medium enterprises in the context of multinational companies, refers to the education and education of the population as a gradual form of extinction of the reflective spirit. Universities are increasingly designed under a model of education dependent on market needs, reducing their curricula to information systems away from critical reflection and communication (Juarez, 2017).

A next issue aims to explore the discourses, meanings and senses about the knowledge network of a public university and a transnational company. It shows how there has been collaboration between the two in the field of technology transfer and in the organizational one, while recognizing the little national capital invested in the field of automotive production, even when the export of vehicles has increased (Carreón, 2013). The study of this problem detects that students have before them the possibility of extending their knowledge in a specific high-level business context in our country, while teachers have to establish an academic situation conducive to such knowledge exchange, process which is difficult if any of the parties conceives the situation in a diametrically different way (Quezada, 2018).

An economic issue is discussed when dealing with the relationship between small and medium-sized companies with transnational corporations, it is also analyzed in their psychosocial perspective, based on theories that consider human development, the search for salary improvement, autonomy, of which they formalize several hypotheses that serve to understand organizational processes (Rivera, 2014). In short, a perspective is presented on the way in which consumption through the presence and development of SMEs allows the community to access global products while promoting local products at the international level (Juarez, 2019).

The social study through the discussion on the theories of Fishbein, Ajzen, Festiger, Fazio, among others analyzes the causality of the attitude, its development and change. It is a relevant issue for countless social problems, whose theoretical differentiation, sometimes very specific, raises the need to consider the causal order of the elements that constitute them (Carreón, 2016). The predictive power of each theory is based on the conjugation of more proven and confirmed components that lead to the intention being the closest determinant of the action (Sandoval, 2016).

Attitudes theories themselves have been questioned by the narrowness of their conceptions and are confronted in specialized literature with approaches such as social representations, however,

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Volume XIX Issue X Version I Year 2019 ( )

entrepreneurship as an attitude survives thanks to these theories that have managed to extend and Confirm its predictive power of action. In sum, the problems of our region clearly serve as a basis to stimulate research on business, technology, education and development migration (Castillo, 2015).

II.

3. Method

A meta-analytical review study was conducted with a selection of sources indexed to international repositories, considering the period of publication from 2015 to 2019, as well as the type of results reported in the literature consulted (see Table 1). Source: Elaborated with data study A: Positive and significant effect of entrepreneurship on the quality of life; B: Positive and spurious effect of entrepreneurship on the quality of life; C: Null effect of entrepreneurship on the quality of life; D: Negative effect of entrepreneurship on the quality of life: v1 = Entrepreneurship, v2 = Wellbeing, v3 = Entry, v3 = Cooperativism, v4 = Innovation, v5 = Satisfaction.

The qualitative, statistical and meta-analytical analysis packages for social sciences were used in order to be able to establish the norms and counting parameters of homogeneity of the effect sizes in the literature consulted, considering the moderating effect of the prestige of the source embodied in the repository of publication, as well as the index of impact factor of the magazine, the author and the citation of the selected article (Sandoval, 2018).

4. III.

5. Results

Table 2 shows the values that show the normal distribution of effect sizes in the literature consulted, as well as the interval and predictive confidence of the relationships of the Social Entrepreneurship Inventory with respect to others included in the reviewed literature. Because Q is reduced, suggesting the noncontrast of the hypothesis concerning the effects of normally distributed sizes and with homogeneity, parameter I 2 was used to warn if the differences between effect sizes are random, as well as parameter T2 and T to demonstrate the differences between the effect sizes observed in the literature consulted.

6. Discussion

The contribution of the present work to the literature consulted consists in establishing the threshold and predictive confidence in a sample of studies related to the relationship between entrepreneurship with respect to innovation, satisfaction, wellbeing, income and cooperativism, although the research design limits and suggests the extension of the work to publications prior to 2015 and in other regional repositories in order to demonstrate the hypothesis of homogeneity of the total effects.

In relation to other systematic reviews on the Social Entrepreneurship Inventory, it can be said that the use of this work was to demonstrate the moderating effect of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in order to establish a meta-analytic structure and corroborate the relationships in a network of meta-analysis of structural equations (Valdés, 2019).

With respect to the meta-analytic validity, it can be noted that in the present work the heterogeneity parameters suggest the extension of the work towards publications prior to the period observed, as well as indexed to repositories with greater local or regional prestige than international because the entrepreneurship is a phenomenon determined by economic relations in general and migratory flows (Vilchis, 2016).

In this sense, the migratory flow and its phases of rupture, stay, crossing and return would be moderators of the relations established between the enterprise and with respect to dispositional variables. A meta-analytical review of the structures that explain migrant achievement could reveal predictive confidence intervals for studies that used the same instrument and obtained different results.

Regarding the psychosocial theoretical framework that explains the systematic review of literature as part of a social process of representation, categorization and identity, the results show that the social entrepreneurship inventory has been measuring a complex process of beliefs, values, decisions and actions. oriented towards reducing the gap between migratory flows and native communities with respect to their labor opportunities (Villegas, 2018).

Future lines of research concerning the establishment of a predictive confidence threshold will allow us to observe and infer meta-analytical relationships of structural equations between the variables involved as independent, moderating and dependent.

V.

7. Conclusion

The objective of this work was to establish the predictive threshold of confidence in the size of the effects of a systematic review published in the period 2015 to 2019, considering the prestige of the source.

However, the design of the research based on a theoretical framework that explains the decision making and actions from social processes rather than individual ones demonstrated the non-rejection of the null hypothesis regarding the homogeneous random effects of entrepreneurship with respect to other organizational variables.

It is recommended to use more regional databases that allow the prestige of the source, the product update and the citation of the contents as metaanalytical moderators of the functions established by the consulted literature.

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Figure 1. Table 1 :
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Repository Literature Year Author Sample Metanalysis ?
Copernicus A 2016 Aguilar 260 v1? v3 ,45
Dialnet B 2018 Aldana 280 v1? v4 ,38
Ebsco A 2018 Anguiano 220 v1? v5 ,45
Latindex A 2018 Blaness 200 v1? v3 ,39
Publindex B 2016 Carreon 240 v1? v2 ,40
Redalyc C 2015 Castillo 180 v1? v4 ,37
Scielo D 2018 Delgado 160 v1 ? v5 ,46
Scopus D 2019 Garcia 120 v1? v2 ,44
Zenodo B 2017 Juarez 100 v1? v4 ,38
Figure 2. Table 2 :
2
Author Sample Metanalysis CI SE Q I 2 T 2 T Moderator
Aguilar 260 v1? v3 ,24 to ,59 ,68 13,24 10% ,88 ,10 Year
Aldana 280 v1? v4 ,25 to 69 ,69 14,35 20% ,81 ,12 Repository
Anguiano 220 v1? v5 ,21 to ,46 ,58 15,43 18% ,80 ,11 Repository
Blaness 200 v1? v3 ,20 to ,68 ,55 13,25 22% ,76 ,09 Citation
Carreon 240 v1? v2 ,24 to ,58 ,63 14,37 32% ,69 ,10 Year
Castillo 180 v1? v4 ,20 to ,47 ,66 13,45 28% ,70 ,11 Year
Delgado 160 v1 ? v5 ,30 to ,61 ,51 16,57 40% ,83 ,08 Repository
Garcia 120 v1? v2 ,38 to ,71 ,40 13,21 31% ,89 ,07 Citation
Juarez 100 v1? v4 ,19 to ,57 ,51 12.35 28% ,82 ,09 Repository
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Notes
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© 2019 Global Journals
Date: 2019-01-15