ourism is a human activity (Holloway and Taylor 2006) depending on the motive force within a person that arises from the urge of an individual towards the travel. Motives are quoted to be latent needs (Heckhausen 1989) to do things in order to achieve something whereas motivations are stated to be some kind of internal drive (Harmer, 2001) which pushes someone by internally generated needs. Moutinho(1987) earlier observed that push factors indicate a state of need that exerts on the individual which are likely to bring satisfaction while actualizing these needs. Further Maslow(1954) hierarchy of needs which is the most applied (Mayo & Jarvis, 1981) in the tourism literature observed that these push factors are originating from human motivation for satisfying physiological and psychological needs hierarchically towards their actualization. These motivational needs are said to arise (Malay Biswas 2008) from the over-stimulation or understimulation in the mind for engaging in tourism activity for reducing the dissonance or disequilibrium (Kim, Lee, & Klenosky, 2003) in the mental system. Tourism motivations are attributed to be push and pull factors (Bashar Aref and Mat Som 2010) where people are pushed by their own internally generated needs who are in turn pulled towards the attractiveness of a destination. These destinations are observed to be possessed with an amalgam of tourism products, facilities (Cooper et al 2005) and services in the geographical component of a tourism system. While analyzing the tourist sites, Crompton (1979) classic study brought out seven socio-psychological push motives and two cultural pull motives for embarking upon recreational tour. Later David Weaver (2000) reclassified these motives into five push factors and nine pull factors while commenting on the very nature of the push pull nomenclature. But Snepenger et al (2006) opined that by visualizing these two factors as two separate push and pull entities may satisfy the statistical purpose and serve for an occasion. Therefore these classifications resulted in analyzing these factors as two separate constructs or two related entities or one preceding (Dann, 1977) the other. Further it is found that the cognitive counterpart is ill-defined (Gnoth 1997) in recreation studies while emotive forces at the destination is well defined.

But several investigators from different fields (Cohen 1972;Plog 1974;Iso Aloha 1982, Gnoth 1997) have attempted to identify the basic motive behind motive motivation construct in a tourism paradigm. During the process it is found, the motive nature of a mind has a tendency to repeat its own emotive thoughts (Gollwitzer, Heckhausen & Steller, 1990) by virtue of its cognitive power which can perceive well in advance various attractions at the destination. Atkinson (1997) later confirmed the above mechanisms can be understood from the comprehensive meaning of the mind that perceives, thinks, feels, wills and desires with its intellect. Since tourism paradigm is related to human beings and human nature, it is observed to be complex proposition (Yoon and Uysal 2005) to investigate why people travel and what they need to enjoy despite all these formulations and classifications.

Therefore the motive motivation construct is corresponding to push and pull factors depending on the cognitive and emotive forces of the mind in making a decision to travel to a destination. Various elements involved in the push pull milieu are systematically codified and presented in the Table 1 for further analysis. The analysis of the above table readily explains those push and pull forces which corresponding to the motive motivation gesalt engineered by the mind for motivating a person to engage in a travel activity.

Therefore these forces that are acting on the mind of a tourist starting from the origin to the destination are schematically modeled by designing a double engine locomotive and presented in Figure 1. The push pull engine triggered by the emotive thoughts moves from the origin towards the mind where it weighs all travel choices and options along with their pros and cons for getting signalling the mind for the onward move of a tourist towards the destination. During the process, titrations would take place between the cognitive and emotive reagents in the mind to release the stimulus energy for deciding whether to accelerate or withdraw from the travel path. It can be observed from the Figure that the dualism of the mind in the person is schematically presented at the center of the stimulus path looking on either side of the origin and destination. It can be further visualized that the mind acts as a facilitator with its emotive thoughts on every move of stimulus path to pull a person towards the destination. Thus the dual stimulus path is arising from push and pull forces formed in the S type curve in a slanting position involving both the stimulus which will be henceforth called as a '2S Curve'.

However it is observed from the Western literature (Dumazedier 1967;Krippendorf 1987;Parker 1983) free time and holidays in leisure studies are inevitably connected to the concept of self-actualization or self-realization. Further it is observed the usage of self-actualization is in synonymous with self-realization for tourism paradigm. These self-concepts and their synonymous usages prompted the author to probe into traditional Indian scriptures.

As per the ancient Indian scriptures every human being possesses two bodies on material plane, one is the physical gross body and the other the imaginary subtle body within the gross body where the mind is perceiving with its intellect. Further these scriptures stated the mind is internal to the vital energy which acts as a motive power for the gross and subtle body. These three dimensions of the being i.e., mind, body and the energy are not isolated from each other and together form the total individual person as elucidated in the following verse.

Gnanendriya Panchaka , Karmendriya Panchaka, Pranaadi Panchaka, Samyuktham Jayathe Vedanta Paribhasha, 7-3

The above verse clarifies that the gross body comprises of a set of five elements known as the organs-of-activity while the subtle body comprises of another set of five elements known as organs-ofperception which are activated by the vital energy that composes of five gaseous elements.

The organs of action are denoted in the scriptures to be made up of Vocal cord (vak), hands (pani), feet (pada), genitals (upastha) and anus (payu). In a similar way the organs-of-perception which facilitates different perceptive functions of the gross body are skin (Thwak), eye (chakshu), ears (srothra), tongue (jihwa), nose (ghrana). The same has been denoted in the following verse of the scripture.

Thwak Chakshu Srothra Jihwa Ghrana Vaak Paani Pada Payu Upastha Vedanta Paribhasha, 7-3 However, the mind which is driven by the intellect is always under the influence of external objects in the physical world. Hence organs-of-perception arouse the emotive thoughts by virtue of cognitive power of the mind for inducing the organs-of-action towards an activity. This is described in the following verse. mamaivaamsho jeevaloke jeevabhootah sanaatanah; manah shashthaaneendriyaani prakritisthaani karshati Bhagavad Gita, 15-7 Further these cognitive attributes of the mind found to be involving three characteristics (Bhargava Teja 2011) namely satwa(serenity) rajas(source of desire) tamas(ignorance) which are responsible for letting lose the flood of stimuli in the mind by the attractive objects in the physical world. As a result of varying proportions of these three tendencies, the inner equipoise and serenity in the mental pool starts getting disturbed as described in the following verse. trai-gunya-vishaya veda nistrai-gunyo bhavarjuna nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho niryoga-kshema atmavan Bhagavad Gita, 2-45

However the disequilibrium in the mental system can be avoided for excelling oneself in any activity with the concerted effort of organs-of-perception led by the mind which is more specifically described in the following verse.

Yastvin-driyani manasa niyamya-rabhate'rjuna Karmen-DriyaihKarma-Yogana-Saktah Sa Visisyate Bhagavad Gita, 3-7

Towards such an action the traditional scriptures prescribed a twofold path with each one acting complimentary to another for achieving the state of equilibrium without any dissonance as denoted in the following verse.

Loke'smin dwividhaa nishthaa puraa proktaa mayaanagha Jnaanayogena saankhyaanaam karmayogena yoginaam Bhagavad Gita 3-3

It is further clarified in this scripture that these two paths are driven by the mind with its intellect in coordinating both organs-of-perception and organs-ofaction simultaneously and synchronously. Though these declarations are found to be corresponding with modern tourism literature (Tasci & Gartner, 2007;Young, 1999) relating to social construct, but its cultural counterpart is observed to be an area of neglect. More specifically the personal place bond (Shumaker & Taylor, 1983) and the nationality (Saarinen, 2004) relating to the cultural context are also observed to be under explored. Therefore systematic field surveys are carried out by selecting a typical tourist destination for particularly validating the cultural context by analyzing the nature and behaviour of tourist choices and preferences towards particular destination along with their polarizations.

The selected destination is the state of Andhra Pradesh (AP) which is acclaimed as the Kohinoor of India showcasing all the attractions of the India that are naturally gifted to this ancient land. The state is seated on a plateau resting over one of the oldest rock formations of millions of years old in the World. With a unique blend of ancient and modern cultures coupled with splendor, beauty and distinct geography is gifted with longest coastal line. It provides pristine beaches with silver sands and golden sunshine covering nine of the 23 districts with equal access. Hence the destination is known to be the tourism paradise (Bhargava Teja Accordingly the data pertaining to foreign and domestic tourists visiting to all these attractions is systematically investigated. Simultaneously the data pertaining to major tourist attractions are surveyed in all over the states for validating the observed trends in the state of A.P. It is found during the analysis that the majority of the tourists are drawn to over eleven districts of A.P whereas seven Indian states are attracting maximum number of foreign tourists with their unique features and their attributes. Hence the data pertaining to all these top destinations in the state as well as in the entire India are codified and presented in Table 3 a & b. It can be observed from the Table 3 a & b that 90 % of the domestic tourists are indicating their choices and preferences by their presence around religious destinations. On the contrary it is found that presence of foreign nationals is meager at these destinations. On the other hand, it is observed that over 80 % of foreign tourists are leaning towards World heritage sites (UNESCO 1972) and archeological circles which are spread over all through India. Further it is found that the majority of the foreign tourists are preferring Buddhist circuits from among the historical sites by showing their presence in large numbers. These polarizations and trends are schematically represented by the design and development of conceptual diagram which is presented in Figure 3. IV.

The perceptional dichotomy prevailing among various researchers while analyzing push pull factors and their underlying mechanisms have led the consideration of these two factors as to different entities. These ambiguities prompted the author for analyzing the role of the cognitive mind by probing into the traditional scriptures followed by their validation through an analytical data derived from the field surveys. The results of these studies revealed that the genesis of both push and pull factors are originating from a single source, the mind and hence these two factors needs to be considered as a single integrated entity. Further, the analysis of these studies is goes on to show that these push pull motives are being coordinated by the vital energy of the mind simultaneously and synchronously without any disequilibrium or dissonance for excelling in tourism activities.

The tourist polarizations and their trends are conceptualized through a design and development of double engine locomotive by demonstrating origin related sensuous drives and destination based emotive attributes which have resulted in dual stimulation 'S' curve. These impacts are schematically presented in the form of an open book for vividly demonstrating three dimensional human body which is interfaced by the mind. The analysis of these entire investigations revealed that personal place bond has a decisive role in choosing either a temple or Buddhist circuit by domestic or foreign tourists respectively. Further these findings indicate that both the foreign and domestic tourists are showing their lesser preferences to other attractions which are closely located to the preferred destinations.

V.