he Retail industry in India is undoubtedly one of the fastest growing industry in the world. to the entry of several new players. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world's fifth-largest global destination in the retail space.
Indian Retail Industry has enormous potential as India has the second largest population with prosperous middle class, speedy urbanization and solid growth of internet. India's retail market is expected to increase by 60 % to reach US$ 1.1 trillion by 2020, on the back of factors like rising incomes and lifestyle changes by middle class and improved digital connectivity.
Technology is essential for modern organized retailing business. Technology proves beneficial in creating and maintaining customer relationships.
Latest technological strategy for retails is Omni channel (also spelled omni-channel) is a multichannel approach to sales that seeks to provide the customer with a seamless shopping experience whether the customer is shopping online from a desktop or mobile device, by telephone or in bricks and mortar store. Omni comes from the word Omnis which can mean all or universal. The way that many are explaining Omni channel today is 'cross channel being done well'. There is true integration between channels on the back end. For example, when a store has implemented an Omni channel approach, the customer service representative in the store will be able to instantly reference the customer's previous purchases and preferences just as easily as the customer service representative on the phone can do the customer service web chat representative can. Or the customer can use a desktop computer to patterned inventory by the store on the company's website, purchase the item later with a smart phone or tablet and pick up the product at the customer's chosen location. Examples are often that the mobile app should match the responsive design of the website which should thematically reflect the look and feel inside the store. Omni channels, India's leading modern retailer Shoppers Stop Ltd is hoping to be ready with its Omni-channel project by 2017-18. Lifestyle has announced the launch of a new gift card that offers an improved shopping experience to its customers. Redeemable online, offline, on the official apps and in over 270 stores across 80 cities, the new Lifestyle Gift Card gives one countless gifting options.
These technology tools are highly essential for any retail organization to survive in the present competitive techno world. All these technology devices simplify the business task and help to maintain a good T relationship with customers. More authentic and useful data can be collected at the retail point of sales (POS) which helps to understand customer's preferences, buying habits, spending budgets and their individual family needs. Relationships are maintained by utilizing IT for periodical e-mailing, SMS, greetings, promotional letters and personal calling, etc. Retailing growth has demanded IT deployment to broaden its arena and overcome challenges namely business optimization increasing Supply Chain Management (SCM) efficiency, innovating shopping experience and other manual limitations. Present decade has witnessed tremendous growth in online shopping. Indians are very familiar with technological practices now. The current study has tried to find the online customers behavior of web shopping. All the selected four stores have online technology services. Customers of these four stores are using online shopping transaction. The following section discusses the types of technological practices in selected retail stores and its customer's approach.
Customer Relationship Management is an upright concept or strategy to solidify relations with customers and at the same time reducing cost and enhancing productivity and profitability in business. An ideal CRM system is a centralized collection of all data sources under an organization and provides an atomistic real-time vision of customer information. A CRM system is vast and significant, but it can be implemented for small business, as well as enterprises, the main goal is to assist the customers efficiently.
The fundamental intention of a CRM is based on the awareness, understanding and serving the customer in best possible manner is the method of developing the long-term relationship and compete in the market. The following points have to possess the relationship in a framework. They are: CRM is a business approach that integrates people, processes, and technology to maximize the relations of an organization with all types of customers. CRM helps in understanding the customer better, which enable organizations to effectively customize their products and service offerings according to the customer needs to retain customers and increase customer loyalty and satisfaction. Many organizations are embracing customer relationship management strategies to reap benefits such as enhanced revenues and high profits.
There are many CRM definitions were proposed by marketing practitioners and scholars. CRM managing the customers has become one of the central ways to make the companies' operations more effective and profitable (Raulas, 2005). Customers should be seen as an investment, because without customers a company will not have any profits, no revenues and consequently no market value. "While some of these conceptualizations are similar, there is definitely a lack of consensus as to the most appropriate way in which this emerging phenomenon should be defined" (Zablah et al. 2004b).
Atul Parvatiyar and Jagdish N Sheth, (2001) describe CRM refers to a conceptually broad phenomenon of business activity. They attributed the development of CRM to the changes of business circumstances with IT, especially innovation of firms, interfaces with customers and total quality philosophy associated with cost reduction efforts. They paid attention to customer selectivity and the simultaneous realization of efficiency, instead of viewing CRM in a narrow sense of data marketing.
Increasing Loyalty
Duane Sharp (2003) explained Corporate CRM strategies are dependent on an information infrastructure comprised of various technologies that enable organizations to store, access, analyze, and manipulate large amounts of customer data. Most organizations with large number of customers to manage, frequently in the thousands or millions, require a combination of sophisticated technologies to implement CRM. Four major areas of technology contribute to a successful CRM project: 1. Data warehousing 2. Database management systems 3. Data mining 4. Business analysis software. Within each of these major technology areas, there are subsets of system and application software to handle a range of CRM-oriented functions, such as: queries on the database, value analysis, and mathematical models for predictive analysis, as well as other mathematical data analysis techniques referred to as "analytics". All of these applications contribute to the CRM solution by enabling organizations to analyze data based on a wide range of parameters.
V. Venkataramana and G. Somayajulu ( 2003) have observed that CRM as a business strategy has radically transformed the way of organizations operate. There has been a shift in business focus from transactional to relationship marketing where the customer is at the center of all business activity. Organizations are now trying to restructure their processes around the needs of their strategically significant customers. The critical driver of such a significant shift towards customer orientation is the realization that customers are a business asset that when managed effectively can derive continuous and sustainable economic value for an organization over their lifetime.
Due to e-CRM, you can interact with customer's right at your site through phone, chat, email, collaboration or forwarding of pages back and forth between the Representative and the Customer. According to Harris, E. K. (2000) e-CRM customers will have any service available anytime throughout the year and can assist the customer in any way he required and pass on any information about your company's product or service, right then and there with the prior permission when the customer is browsing through pages at your site. e-CRM maintains long-term relationship with the customers by providing trust, ethics and friendship.
The first requirement for the successful implementation of CRM is clarity regarding CRM terminology. From the many approaches available, the distinction between the following three areas has become accepted which are: a) Operational CRM: Supports front office processes, e.g. the staff in a call center. Operational integration points exist to human resource systems for user data and ERP systems for transferring order information which was captured e.g. from a call center representative. From an operations perspective, Bose [28] pointed out that CRM is an integration of technologies and business processes that are adopted to satisfy the needs of a customer during any given interaction.
b) Analytical CRM: Builds on operational CRM and establishes information on customer segments, behavior and value using statistical methods. It is useful for management and evaluation purposes, the operational customer data are integrated with a centralized data warehouse which is consolidated data based on certain criteria (e.g. sales, profits).
Here the data mining tool analyses defined dimensions e.g. compares the characteristics of one customer with another, leading to the determination of a customer segment and thus providing the basis for targeted marketing campaigns.
c) Collaborative CRM: Concentrates on customer integration using a coordinated mix of interaction channels (multi-channel management), e.g. online shops, and call centers. Approximately 60% of the companies surveyed use internet portals in their customer communication for selected or suitable activities. CRM is therefore understood as a customer-oriented management approach where information systems provide information to support operational, analytical and collaborative CRM processes and thus contribute to customer profitability and retention. While potential benefits are attractive, CRM implementation must be managed carefully to deliver results.
III.
The main objective of the study is to examine the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure in retail business effects on customer satisfaction with reference to organized retailing.
in retail business helps to create a good customer relationship. 2. To study the retailer's information gives more awareness to customers about the store. 3. To understand the customer loyalty with retailer's communication channels.
H1: An Information Technology (IT) infrastructure in retail business helps to maintain the good relationship with customers.
H2: Communication channels which are used by retailers give more information/awareness to the customers.
H3: Wishes and Greetings send by retails won't impact in terms of create loyalty among customers.
The customer sample size is 760 from selected four cities for the study.
The research tool is essential to collect the data from respondents. A questionnaire is the prime data collection tool to what this study is intending to achieve. Survey method with structured questionnaire for Consumers.
Data has been collected based upon two broad approaches i.e. Secondary data and Primary data. Secondary data is data that already exists and that has been collected for another purpose (Churchill, 1996) and in this research it is consists of books, articles, journals, retail companies report and web/internet. Primary data are collected through observation, interviews and/or questionnaires (Hair et. al., 2003).
The questionnaire comprised of two sections. First section deals with the demographics. Second section related to 15 factors. The questionnaire had given five-point scales rating highly satisfied (1) to highly dissatisfied (5), where five is the lowest rank. The data collected from respondents later classified on the basis of age, education, sex, income, location and occupation.
Data has been analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS 17.0) and MS-Excel.
H1: An Information Technology (IT) infrastructure in retail business helps to maintain the good relationship with customers.
To test above mentioned hypothesis the study has identified different areas which are part of technology (IT) practices used by these four retailers. The study is mainly focused on customer satisfaction level on technology services provided by the stores, use and effectiveness of communication channels like SMS's, E-mails, Phone calls etc., wishes/greetings sends by retailers to the customers, web shopping practices etc. It has applied customer cross tabulation method to find the outcome of the data. Customers of selected stores have responded differently from the four cities.
To understand the customer satisfaction of the technology services provided by the Life style, Pantaloon, Shoppers Stop, and Westside malls located in Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai, information has been collected from the customers. A total of 760 respondents are surveyed. The level of satisfaction is analyzed on scale of "Highly Satisfied, Moderately Satisfied, Neither/nor, Moderately Dissatisfied, and Highly Dissatisfied."
In general, companies send information about "new product arrivals, new prices, offers, discounts, loyalty points redeemable etc." to their membership card holders through SMS's, e-mails, phone calls etc., to the customers. In this study, 414 membership customers were questioned. Remaining 20 out of 434 customers are not membership card holders but they are registered with companies through online. The table 5.68 shows the importance of products/prices information shared by the outlets. Among the 760 respondents, 57.1% agreed on products/prices information sharing by the outlets. From the four malls, the Shoppers Stop shared maximum information on products/prices with their customers. The position of the Lifestyle outlet and Pantaloon outlet is approximately similar (50%). Whereas Westside is ahead of rest of the three outlets in sending the products, price, etc. related information to the customers.
Communication is an essential activity for any business. Retailers communicate their business information like latest events in the outlet to customer through different communication channels. Usually, retailers send information to the customer by weekly an SMS and an e-mail. The table-4 provides information on the most preferred way of communication adopted by the malls to share information with their customers.
The maximum numbers of respondents are from Shoppers Stop and Pantaloon. Out of total 434 respondents, 55.3% respondents are communicated through SMS services and, only 4.6% is through Phone calls. Lifestyle used maximum SMS services to communicated to their customers. E-mail is the second most preferred mode of communication by the listed malls in Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai. Companies get almost 30% sales growths through this method. The table-5 infers that majority of the 434 respondents found the shared products/prices information by the malls is very useful. Pantaloon and Shoppers Stop customers reacted as highly useful information by 86.0% and 87.1% respectively. So, the technology aids are useful to customers as well as companies. It is one of the methods to create long-term relationship with customers. Through this method, companies are promoting products to their membership card holders. It is the easiest and latest technique for every retail organization. The asymptotic value is 0.03 which is lower than 0.05 and affirm the Chi-square value as greater than table value which highly strengthens the alternative hypothesis statement and rejects the null hypothesis. Hence it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between Effectiveness of received Greeting/ Wishes from the stores creates loyalty and emotional sensitivity towards the retails stores.
V.
Based on the study, it can be concluded that customer satisfaction is an important for any business for their survival in current competitive market. By understanding the needs of their customers, companies develop a long-term relationship with their customers. Thus, CRM earns customer loyalty which in turn increases its revenue. CRM strategies must begin by understanding customer-satisfaction drivers and explicitly tying business and technology initiatives to these levers. Information Technology (IT) is an essential tool in maintaining the relationship with customers and retains them. By taking such an approach, retailers can create a fantastic "total experience e"that results in highly satisfied customers and highly profitable businesses. The execution was determined by the business users, with IT playing a enabling role, thereby making sure that users derive maximum value from implementation. After successful implementation, the CRM system may get into an impact manner, which may challenge business approach. Wish/Greeting the customer is a kind of CRM strategy which creates optimistic and emotional relationship with customers. IT helps to maintain long-term relationship with customer, particularly in retail business.
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Name of the City | Highly Satisfied | Moderately Satisfied | Neither/Nor | Moderately Dissatisfied | Highly Dissatisfied | Total |
Delhi | 37(19.7) | 129(68.6) | 16(8.5) | 5(2.7) | 1(0.5) | 188(100) |
Hyderabad | 42(19.9) | 128(60.7) | 34(16.1) | 5(2.4) | 2(0.9) | 211(100) |
Kolkata | 33(21.7) | 104(68.4) | 11(7.2) | 1(0.7) | 3(2.0) | 152(100) |
Mumbai | 39(18.7) | 144(68.9) | 20(9.6) | 5(2.4) | 1(0.5) | 209(100) |
Total | 151(19.9) | 505(66.4) | 81(10.7) | 16(2.1) | 7(0.9) | 760(100) |
Name of the Outlet | SMS | Emails | Phone Calls | Mobile/Email etc. | Mobile/Email | Total |
Lifestyle | 66(62.9) | 16(15.2) | 3(2.9) | 10(9.5) | 10(9.5) | 105(100) |
Pantaloon | 51(47.7) | 15(14.0) | 4(3.7) | 16(15.0) | 21(19.6) | 107(100) |
Shoppers Stop | 91(55.8) | 28(17.2) | 9(5.5) | 16(9.8) | 19(11.7) | 163(100) |
Westside | 32(54.2) | 9(15.3) | 4(6.8) | 7(11.9) | 7(11.9) | 59(100) |
Total | 240(55.3) | 68(15.7) | 20(4.6) | 49(11.3) | 57(13.1) | 434(100) |
Name of the Outlet | Yes | No | Total |
Lifestyle | 83(79.0) | 22(21.0) | 105(100) |
Pantaloon | 92(86.0) | 15(14.0) | 107(100) |
Shoppers Stop | 142(87.1) | 21(12.9) | 163(100) |
Westside | 48(81.4) | 11(18.6) | 59(100) |
Total | 365(84.1) | 69(15.9) | 434(100) |
Source: Authors -Primary Data Analysis |
Name of Outlet | New Arrivals | Latest Price | Offers | Scheme | Available loyalty points and others | Total |
Lifestyle | 22(21.0) | 19(18.1) | 25(23.8) | 6(5.7) | 33(31.4) | 105(100) |
Pantaloon | 19(17.8) | 11(10.3) | 31(29.0) | 6(5.6) | 40(37.3) | 107(100) |
Shoppers Stop | 46(28.2) | 38(23.3) | 31(19.0) | 6(3.7) | 42(25.8) | 163(100) |
Westside | 14(23.7) | 5(8.5) | 16(27.1) | 1(1.7) | 24(39.0) | 59(100) |
Total | 101(23.3) | 73(16.8) | 103(23.7) | 19(4.4) | 138(31.8) | 434(100) |
Source: Authors -Primary Data Analysis | ||||||
Companies send information to membership | ||||||
customers about their new programs, arrivals, schemes | ||||||
etc. |
Name of the Outlet | Yes | No | Total |
Lifestyle | 77(43.5) | 100(56.5) | 177(100) |
Pantaloon | 81(44.8) | 100(55.2) | 181(100) |
Shoppers Stop | 127(57.0) | 96(43.0) | 223(100) |
Westside | 54(52.4) | 49(47.6) | 103(100) |
Total | 339(49.6) | 345(50.4) | 684(100) |
Source: Authors -Primary Data Analysis | |||
The above table-7 shows the frequency of | The respondents from Pantaloon reported | ||
receiving Wishes/Greetings by customers from the four | 55.2% No and 44.8% Yes out of 181 respondents on | ||
mentioned outlets. Companies send greetings/wishes | receiving Wishes/Greetings. Shoppers stop recorded | ||
on customer's birthday, festivals etc. It is an emotional | maximum 57.0% Yes out of 223 respondents. It is | ||
kind of technique to build a relationship with customers. | maximum among all the four studied malls. Westside | ||
The frequency of receiving and not receiving the | respondents reported 52.4% for Yes and 47.6% for | ||
Wishes/Greetings from the mall outlets is almost 50% for | No receiving and not receiving Wishes/Greetings | ||
both variables. Out of 177 respondents from Lifestyle | respectively. | ||
mall, 43.5% percent reported Yes" and 56.5% reported | |||
No on receiving Wishes/Greetings from the outlet. |
Name of the Outlet | Yes | No | Total |
Lifestyle | 47(62.7) | 28(37.3) | 75(100) |
Pantaloon | 51(62.2) | 31(37.8) | 82(100) |
Shoppers Stop | 86(67.7) | 41(32.3) | 127(100) |
Westside | 44(80.0) | 11(20.0) | 55(100) |
Total | 228(67.3) | 111(32.7) | 339(100) |
Source: Authors -Primary Data Analysis |
Chi-Square Tests | |||
Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
Pearson Chi-Square | 29.709 a | 12 | .003 |
Likelihood Ratio | 30.096 | 12 | .003 |
Linear-by-Linear Association | .637 | 1 | .425 |
N of Valid Cases | 760 | ||
a. 5 cells (25. |
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